Abstract: A method for fabricating an electron tunneling device on a substrate includes forming a first non-insulating layer on the substrate and providing a first amorphous layer. The method further includes the steps of providing a second layer, and forming a second non-insulating layer and providing an antenna structure connected with the first and second non-insulating layers. The second layer of material is configured to cooperate with the first amorphous layer such that the first amorphous layer and the second layer of material together serve as a transport of electrons between and to the first and second non-insulating layers, and the transport of electrons includes, at least in part, transport by means of tunneling.

Abstract: A modulator includes a voltage source, a first arrangement including first and second non-insulating layers configured such that a modulation voltage from the voltage source can be applied there across, and a second arrangement between the first and second non-insulating layers. The second arrangement includes a first amorphous layer configured such that a transport of electrons between the first and second non-insulating layers includes tunneling. The first arrangement further includes an antenna structure for absorbing part of an input radiation, while a remainder of the input radiation is reflected. The second arrangement cooperates with the first arrangement such that the antenna exhibits a first absorptivity, when a first modulation voltage is applied to the first arrangement, and exhibits a distinct, second absorptivity, when a second modulation voltage is applied, thereby causing the antenna to reflect a different amount of input radiation to an output as modulated radiation.

Abstract: An assembly includes a device for receiving at least one input to produce an output. An antenna arrangement supports the device to transfer the input to the device and further to transfer the output from the device such that the antenna arrangement supports a selected one of the input and the output as a high frequency current. The antenna includes a peripheral configuration which confines high frequency current to at least one dominant path to oscillate in the dominant path and the other one of the input and the output is a lower frequency signal present at least generally throughout the antenna arrangement. At least one port is positioned sufficiently away from the dominant path to isolate the lower frequency signal from surface current in the dominant path. The assembly is usable in modulation, emitting, mixing and detection modes and may include a resonant or non-resonant configuration.

Abstract: A planar type of over-running clutch including first and second confronting plates is disclosed herein. The second plate itself includes movable struts and associated biasing mechanisms for cooperative engagement with cooperating shoulder members of the first plate under certain circumstances. An arrangement forming part of the second plate and part of each strut cooperates with the biasing mechanism of the second plate for preventing any contact between the struts and the first plate when the second plate rotates in a particular way.

Abstract: A detector for detecting electromagnetic radiation incident thereon over a desired range of frequencies exhibits a given responsivity and includes an output and first and second non-insulating layers, which layers are spaced apart such that a given voltage can be applied thereacross. The first non-insulating layer is formed of a metal, and the first and second non-insulating layers are configured to form an antenna structure for receiving electromagnetic radiation over the desired range of frequencies. The detector further includes an arrangement disposed between the first and second non-insulating layers and configured to serve as a transport of electrons between the first and second non-insulating layers as a result of the electromagnetic radiation being received at the antenna structure.

Abstract: The electron tunneling device includes first and second non-insulating layers spaced apart such that a given voltage can be provided therebetween. The device also includes an arrangement disposed between the non-insulating layers and configured to serve as a transport of electrons between the non-insulating layers. This arrangement includes a first layer of an amorphous material such that using only the first layer of amorphous material in the arrangement would result in a given value of a parameter in the transport of electrons, with respect to the given voltage. The arrangement further includes a second layer of material, which is configured to cooperate with the first layer of amorphous material such that the transport of electrons includes, at least in part, transport by tunneling, and such that the parameter, with respect to the given voltage, is increased above the given value of the parameter.

Abstract: A device such as an electric motor, an electric generator, or a regenerative electric motor includes a rotor arrangement and a stator arrangement. The stator arrangement has a dielectric electromagnet housing and at least one energizable electromagnet assembly including an overall amorphous metal magnetic core. The overall amorphous metal magnetic core is made up of a plurality of individually formed amorphous metal core pieces. The dielectric electromagnet housing has core piece openings formed into the electromagnet housing for holding the individually formed amorphous metal core pieces in positions adjacent to one another so as to form the overall amorphous metal magnetic core. The device further includes a control arrangement that is able to variably control the activation and deactivation of the electromagnet using any combination of a plurality of activation and deactivation parameters in order to control the speed, efficiency, torque, and power of the device.

Abstract: In the wheel structure according to the invention, at least one and preferably several profile elements (2.1) are used for the transmission of forces between hub (1) and rim (3). The parts (1.2, 1.3) are combined or combinable into an intrinsically stiff structure. The structure is particularly suitable for car wheels.

Abstract: A chewable calcium composition and its associated method of manufacturing are disclosed. The chewable composition includes a lipid base and a micronized calcium salt substantially uniformly mixed with the lipid base such that the lipid base forms a continuous phase. The composition provides for a relatively large dose of calcium in a easy to take chocolate like, chewable form. The composition of the present invention is manufactured by providing the lipid base including a melting temperature. The lipid base is then heated to a temperature of approximately 120° F. such that the lipid base melts. After the lipid base melts, the micronized calcium salt is mixed with the lipid base to form a melted mixture such that the micronized calcium salt is substantially uniformly distributed in the melted lipid base.

Abstract: The present invention provides a locator/monitor capable of locating a boring tool and monitoring the progress of the tool for control purposes. The locator/monitor may be used in expedited locating methodology and straightforward calibration techniques of the present invention. A durable and cost effective pitch sensor is also provided by the present invention. In addition, the present invention provides a slotted transmitter housing formed of an electrically conductive material, where the magnetic field generated by the transmitter is capable of penetrating to the surface.

Abstract: As will be described in more detail hereinafter, there is disclosed herein a titanium nitride diffusion barrier layer and associated method for use in non-silicon semiconductor technologies. In one aspect of the invention, a semiconductor device includes a non-silicon active surface. The improvement comprises an ohmic contact serving to form an external electrical connection to the non-silicon active surface in which the ohmic contact includes at least one layer consisting essentially of titanium nitride. In another aspect of the invention, a semiconductor ridge waveguide laser is disclosed which includes a semiconductor substrate and an active layer disposed on the substrate. A cladding layer is supported partially on the substrate and partially on the active layer. The cladding layer includes a ridge portion disposed in a confronting relationship with the active region.

Abstract: A boring tool is moved through the ground in a region which includes at least one electrically conductive in-ground line and which is subject to static magnetic fields including the magnetic field of the earth.

Abstract: A system in which a boring tool is moved through the ground within a given region along a particular path in an orientation which includes pitch. A locating signal is transmitted from the boring tool which signal exhibits a field defined forward point within a reference surface which field defined forward point is vertically above an inground forward point on the particular path through which the boring tool is likely to pass. It establishes a predicted depth of the boring tool at the inground forward point by first identifying the field defined forward point with the use of a locator with two antennas. The signal strength of the locating signal is then measured at the field defined forward point as being representative of the depth of the boring tool at an inground upstream point which is the current location of the boring tool. With the boring tool at the upstream inground point, the pitch of the boring tool is determined.

Abstract: A reflection mode, ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulating system, includes a light reflecting type spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator has a light reflecting surface cooperating with a layer of ferroelectric liquid crystal light modulating medium switchable between first and second states so as to act on light in different first and second ways, respectively. A switching arrangement switches the liquid crystal light modulating medium between the first and second states and an illumination arrangement produces a source of light. An optics arrangement is optically coupled the spatial light modulator and the illumination arrangement such that light is directed from the source of light into the spatial light modulator for reflection back out of the modulator and such that reflected light is directed from the spatial light modulator into a predetermined viewing area.

Abstract: A method and associated arrangement for use in priority allocation in a bus interconnected digital multi-module system are disclosed. The modules are configured for requesting the use of the bus with each module being granted its request based upon its priority. During the operation of the system, a set of priorities is established such that the number of priorities is equal to the number of modules in the system. Each module is assigned to an initial priority. During the operation of the system, modules may be reassigned to a priorities which are different than their initial priorities. In addition, the priorities may be grouped in an initial group arrangement which may be reconfigured. The group arrangement may be reconfigured in any desired manner. Also, provisions are made for refusing a grant to a module even though that module possesses the highest priority among requesting modules.

Abstract: A light modulation system, wherein a light source provides light of a certain wavelength to be modulated by a material layer, which forms part of a specifically configured plate assembly. The modulation layer is placed in the optical path of the light source. Further, the modulation layer is switched between first and second states, and cooperates with the light source to produce a train of pulses at a given pulse rate. The resulting optical pulses transmitted through the modulation layer are converted from the original certain wavelength to a lower wavelength by a frequency converting device.

Abstract: A multi-mode/universal laser power controller is disclosed for use in an overall laser system. An associated method is also disclosed. The controller may drive one of at least two different laser tubes which require different particular sets of drive voltages. The power controller includes a first arrangement for selecting first and second modes of operation of the power controller depending on and corresponding to which specific one of the two different laser tubes the power controller is intended to drive and a power conversion arrangement which is designed to operate from one of at least two different AC input voltages and which is responsive to the particular mode selected by the first arrangement such that the power conversion arrangement uses a selected one of the input voltages to produce the particular set of drive voltages to be used to drive the specifically selected laser tube. In one feature, a method is disclosed for starting the gas ion laser tube.

Abstract: A display system for acting on light entering the system includes a reflective ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a polarizer arrangement. The polarizer arrangement includes a polarizer for polarizing the light entering the system and directing the polarized light into the spatial light modulator along an optical path having an optical path axis. The reflective spatial light modulator acts on the polarized light to produce an optical output that is directed from the spatial light modulator back into the polarizing arrangement along substantially the same optical path axis that the polarized light is directed into the spatial light modulator. The polarizing arrangement also includes an analyzer configured to receive and analyze the optical output of the spatial light modulator and to direct the analyzed optical output out of the system.

Abstract: Systems and associated methods for tracking and/or guiding an underground boring tool are disclosed. Each system or arrangement uses one or more detectors to measure the intensity of an electromagnetic field which is transmitted from an underground boring tool. The measured intensities may then be used to determine the location of the boring tool. In a dead reckoning embodiment of the invention, one detector may be employed while, in a position determination embodiment, two or more detectors may be employed. In any embodiment, physically measurable parameters may be used in addition to measured magnetic intensities. A highly advantageous mapping tool instrument and a cubic antenna are disclosed. The former for use in the position determination embodiment and the latter for use in any magnetic field detector employed herein.

Abstract: Bus arrangements for interconnecting a number of discrete and/or integrated modules in a digital system are described herein. Implementations of the bus arrangements are contemplated at chip level, forming part of an overall integrated circuit, and are also contemplated as interconnecting discrete modules within an overall processing system. These bus arrangements and associated method provide for high speed, efficient digital data transfer between the modules through optimizing bus utilization by eliminating the need for maintaining a fixed time relationship between the address and data portions of transactions which are executed by the system. In this manner, the bus arrangement is capable of supporting more active transactions than the number of individual buses which make up the bus arrangement. Systems described may include any number of individual buses within their bus arrangements.