Abstract: A biological filter apparatus, and process for using the same, wherein organic pollutants in a waste water stream may be biologically degraded by a biomass of suitable microorganisms located on the surface of a packing. The filter comprises a sealed vessel in which the packing having the biomass thereon is located, and the waste water, mixed with several volumes of liquid recycle, is allowed to trickle downwardly through the packing countercurrently to ascending gases, effluent liquid is removed from the bottom of the vessel at a rate sufficient to maintain the level of effluent liquid below the packing in order to prevent the packing from being submerged in liquid. The apparatus and process are applicable to the anaerobic methanogenic processes wherein methane is produced as a product; and are also applicable to non-methanogenic processes which are conducted in the absence of added molecular oxygen wherein combined nitrogen is converted to molecular nitrogen.

Abstract: Unreacted ethylene contained in a gaseous light ends stream derived from a process for the production of ethyl acrylate from ethylene and acrylic acid utilizing a sulfuric acid catalyst, is recovered by intimately contacting, under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure, the light ends stream with the liquid sulfuric acid catalyst make-up stream which is passed to the ethyl acrylate process. Upon contact of the light ends stream with the sulfuric acid make-up stream, the ethylene reacts with sulfuric acid to form ethyl hydrogen sulfate and diethyl sulfate, both of which remain in solution in the sulfuric acid which is then passed to the ethyl acrylate process as a source of make-up sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide contained in the vent-gas stream is not absorbed into the sulfuric acid, and therefore not recycled to the ethyl acrylate process.

Abstract: A normally liquid hydrocarbon having a minimum boiling point of about 425.degree. F. is utilized to provide the liquid seal in a vacuum pump which intakes a gaseous light ends stream resulting from a process for the production of ethyl acrylate by the reaction of ethylene with acrylic acid in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst. Upon contact in the vacuum pump, the gaseous light ends are partially absorbed into the normally liquid hydrocarbon, with the normally liquid hydrocarbon being recovered by fractionation.

Abstract: A butene may be oxidized in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures to produce acetic acid by reacting the butene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a composition of the empirical formula:V.sub.f Sb.sub.g X.sub.h Me.sub.i O.sub.jwherein V is vanadium, Sb is antimony, and O is oxygen, wherein X represents a metal which is one or more of Bi, Nb, Co, Nd, Sm, Zn, Zr or Cr, and wherein Me represents a metal which is one or more of Al, Fe or Sn, the metal represented by Me being optionally present.

Abstract: A butene may be oxidized in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures to produce acetic acid by reacting the butene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a composition of the empirical formula:V.sub.f Sb.sub.g X.sub.h Me.sub.i O.sub.Jwherein V is vanadium, Sb is antimony, and O is oxygen, wherein X represents a metal which is one or more of Bi, Nb, Co, Nd, Sm, Zn, Zr or Cr, and wherein Me represents a metal which is one or more of Al, Fe or Sn, the metal represented by Me being optionally present.

Abstract: A process for the reacting of methanol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce increased amounts of methyl acetate, acetaldehyde and dimethyl acetal utilizing a catalyst comprising a cobalt carbonyl in complex with an organic nitrogen ligand.

Abstract: Propionic acid absorbed on a particulate carrier material, including vermiculite and perlite, which will catalyze or effect the formation of monomeric propionic acid in the propionic acid vapors which evaporate therefrom is disclosed as a preservative for various agricultural crop products and derivative and by-products thereof, including animal feeds and cereals.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for production of formaldehyde wherein a vapor phase mixture of methanol and air are passed over a silver catalyst, comprising the incorporation of a small amount of a halogen-containing compound into the mixture.

Abstract: A process for dehalogenation of alpha halogenated carbonyl compounds and/or the prevention of the formation of such. The process for dehalogenation generally comprises causing there to be in solution the halogenated compound, cuprous ions (such as from cuprous chloride) and hydrogen ions (such as from hydrochloric acid), the process to be conducted in the absence of molecular oxygen, or, if molecular oxygen is present, there being an excess of cuprous ions sufficient to completely react with the molecular oxygen present. The present method can also be used to suppress formation of halogenated carbonyl compounds in processes where conditions exist which favor such formation.

Abstract: An improvement in the process wherein carbon monoxide and hydrogen are reacted in the liquid phase in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst whereby increased amounts of ethanol may be produced, which improvement comprises conducting the reaction in the presence of a non-polar, substantially inert, oxygenated hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: Acrolein and other light ends are removed from the effluent of a process for the production of acrylic acid by the vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein or an acrolein precursor, such as propylene, by passing the effluent to the base of a fractionation tower and contacting such with the descending stream of liquid within the tower so as to partially condense the condensibles in the effluent, a portion of the liquid bottoms being recycled to the upper portions of the tower and a portion withdrawn as crude acrylic acid product. Acrolein is removed overhead.

Abstract: A Nerium oleander plant which has a petite and upright habit of growth, being particularly characterized by long blooming periods and the unique color of its inflorescnce and its habit of growth, the flowers being a white color with areas of pale yellow in the corona or throat, and which flowers grow in tight cymes or clusters resembling pompons.

Abstract: A Nerium oleander plant which has a petite and upright and sprawling habit of growth, being particularly characterized by long blooming periods and the unique color of its inflorescence and its habit of growth, the flowers being a dusty rose color with areas of pale yellow in the corona or throat, and which flowers grow in cymes or clusters.

Abstract: A pittosporum plant which has a dwarf habit of growth, the leaf blades being variegated and generally being medium green in color with pale yellow margins, the width of the pale yellow variegation being irregular.

Abstract: A pittosporum plant which has a dwarf habit of growth and having leaf blades which are variegated, there being irregularly shaped areas of three different colors present on the variegated leaves, such being dark green, medium green and pale yellow. The variegated leaves do not have a uniform pattern of variegation, and the pattern of variegation differs from leaf to leaf.

Abstract: A Nerium oleander plant which has a full and upright habit of fairly rapid growth, being particularly characterized by the unique color of its inflorescence, the flowers being a soft buff yellow color with tinges of pink.

Abstract: A Nerium oleander plant which has a petite and upright habit of fairly rapid growth, being particularly characterized by the unique color of its inflorescence, the flowers being a soft pink color with tinges of pinkish red.

Abstract: A Nerium Oleander plant which has a petite and upright habit of fairly rapid growth, being particularly characterized by its ever blooming character and the unique color of its inflorescence, the flowers being a light peach-pink color with areas of pink.

Abstract: A Nerium oleander plant which has an intermediate and upright habit of fairly rapid growth, being particularly characterized by its everblooming character and the unique color of its inflorescence, the flowers being white with a soft pink blush or tint.

Abstract: A Nerbium oleander plant which has a intermediate and upright habit of fairly rapid growth, being particularly characterized by its ever blooming character and the unique color of its inflorescence, the flowers being a medium pink color with areas of pink, and by flowers having a sweet fragrance.