Abstract: A butene may be oxidized in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures to produce acetic acid by reacting the butene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a composition of the empirical formula:V.sub.a X.sub.b Ce.sub.c Me.sub.d O.sub.ewherein V is vanadium, Ce is cerium, and O ix oxygen, wherein X represents a metal which is one or more of Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Yb, and wherein Me represents a metal which is one or more of Bi, Ti, Zn and Sn or mixtures thereof, Ce and Me being optionally present.

Abstract: A butene may be oxidized in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures to produce acetic acid by reacting the butene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a composition of the empirical formula:V.sub.a Ce.sub.b Me.sub.c O.sub.dwherein V is vanadium, Ce is cerium, and O is oxygen, and wherein Me represents a metal which is one or more of Bi, Zn, Sn or Ti.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of trioxane by the distillation of aqueous formaldehyde solutions which are intimately mixed with an immiscible, non-volatile, oily liquid phase, the improvement comprising using a monoalkyl ether of a polyoxyalkylene glycol as the oily phase.

Abstract: Impure methanol may be treated to remove iron pentacarbonyl impurities by adding a source of hypochlorite ions to the impure methanol whereby the iron of the iron pentacarbonyl will be oxidized to the ferrous or ferric state. The impure methanol is then subjected to distillation to remove iron compounds as heavy ends.

Abstract: A process for producing fatty acids from C.sub.12 to C.sub.35 normal alkanes by air oxidizing the alkanes, followed by nitric acid oxidation of the air oxidation product.

Abstract: A process for producing fatty acids from C.sub.20 to C.sub.30 normal alkanes by air oxidizing the alkanes, followed by hydrogenating the product of the air oxidation and then oxidizing the hydrogenated product by nitric acid oxidation. The crude fatty acid product may be purified by a second hydrogenation to convert nitrogen impurities to amines and removal of the amines.

Abstract: A process for dehalogenation of alpha halogenated carbonyl compounds and/or the prevention of the formation of such. The process for dehalogenation generally comprises causing there to be in solution the halogenated compound, cuprous ions (such as from cuprous chloride) and hydrogen ions (such as from hydrochloric acid), the process to be conducted in the absence of molecular oxygen, or, if molecular oxygen is present, there being an excess of cuprous ions sufficient to completely react with the molecular oxygen present. Such can also be used to suppress formation of halogenated carbonyl compounds in processes where conditions exist which favor such formation.

Abstract: A sterically hindered enamine (vinyl amine) is reacted with an alkylene oxide followed by hydrolysis of the reaction product to produce a monohydroxyl alkyl aldehyde wherein the hydroxyl group is on the third carbon atom from the carbonyl group, such as 4-hydroxybutanal. The monohydroxyl alkyl aldehyde may be further hydrogenated to produce the corresponding alkanediol, such as 1,4-butanediol.

Abstract: An aqueous nitric acid solution derived from an adipic acid process containing copper and vanadium catalyst values and alkyl dicarboxylic acids is treated to remove the nitric acid and water therefrom so as to obtain a substantially dry, molten-type residue. This residue is mixed with a dialkyl ketone solvent which dissolves the dicarboxylic acids and leaves the catalyst metal values as solids.

Abstract: In a process for the production of adipic acid by nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexanol and/or cyclohexanone wherein copper and vanadium values are recovered by ion exchange means, the improvement which comprises utilizing the off-gas from the nitric acid oxidation to treat the solution being passed to the ion exchange zone.

Abstract: Process for the oxidation of olefins to the corresponding unsaturated aldehydes and acids, e.g. propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid, by reacting the olefin with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst of the empirical formula Mo.sub.x Cr.sub.y Te.sub.z O.sub.n. When x is 100, y is 10-50, z is 0.1-10, and n is 300-500.

Abstract: A movable guide bar, such as a rip guide for a table saw, for use transversely of a table top, which rip guide may be easily relocated from one position to another. The guide bar has a clamping mechanism containing opposing notches which will grip the bottom edges of the sides of the table top, the notches being moved into gripping position by cam means.

Abstract: A distillation process for removing light ends impurities from alkyl esters of carboxylic acids wherein a purified ester is removed as residue, and wherein an inert gas and water are added to the overhead vapors from the distillation so as to facilitate separation of the light ends therefrom.

Abstract: Process for hydrogenolysis of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal salt of formic acid so as to produce methanol and a metal hydroxide corresponding to the formic acid salt wherein a catalyst of cobalt, rhenium, ruthenium, palladium, platinum or mixtures thereof is used.

Abstract: In the production of 1,6-hexanediol by oxidation of cyclohexane to produce an acidic oxidation product comprising adipic acid, followed by esterification of the acidic oxidation product and a subsequent hydrogenolysis of the ester, the improvement which comprises a prehydrogenation of the acidic oxidation product prior to esterification thereof.

Abstract: A process for the epoxidation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides using metal-free phthalocyanines or metal phthalocyanines as catalysts. Suitable metals include those of the metals Ni, Cu, Ag, Ti, V, Zr, Mo. Re, or U.