Abstract: The deicing composition described comprises essentially a) from 87 to 99.45% by weight of an alkali metal halide and/or an alkaline earth metal halide, b) from 0.5 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal silicate and c) from 0.05 to 3% by weight of an alkali metal phosphate. It can be employed in solid form (powder, granules and the like) or as an aqueous solution. It ensures a short thaw time and protects metals, especially steel, against corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel UV stabilizers of the formula (I) ##STR1## where the substituents are as defined in the description. These compounds are highly suitable for stabilizing organic material, such as plastics, surface coatings, paints and oils, against the action of light, radiation, oxygen and heat.

Abstract: Aluminium oxide sealant compositions, concentrates, and processes employing the same are described which comprise a combination of certain sulphonated aromatic compounds and condensates of aldehydes and certain other sulphonated aromatic compounds. Unexpected improvements in seal quality are obtained using the compositions of the invention, and in the substantial absence of smut formation.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are Cl, COO(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, CONH.sub.2, CONCH.sub.3, CON(CH.sub.3).sub.2 or SO.sub.2 NRR', where R and R' are identical or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl, it being possible for phenyl to be substituted by methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or halogen,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, chloro or bromo, andR.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, chloro or bromo,are useful yellow pigments with high light fastness and weather fastness properties.

Abstract: Process for preparing N-alkylcarbazolesThe present invention relates to a process for preparing N-alkylcarbazoles of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl andY is hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkoxy, nitro or halogen, by reacting a carbazole of the formula II ##STR2## with an alkyl halide of the formula IIIR.sup.1 -X IIIwhere X is a halogen atom,in an inert solvent in the presence of an inorganic base and a catalyst of the formula IVR.sup.2 R.sup.3 N-(CH.sub.2).sub.n -NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 IVwheren is an integer from 2 to 8,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are, independently of one another, hydrogen or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl andR.sup.5 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, amino-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl or N,N-di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkylamino-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## are claimed, as are their preparation and use, in which the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are organic substituents, L is either a lactam or a cyclic amidine and X is an appropriate anion. The novel compounds are employed as bleach activators in cleaners and detergents which have a bleaching action.

Abstract: The betaine compounds described correspond to the following formula (1) ##STR1## in which RCO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, Z is a linear polyhydroxyhydrocarbon radical having at least 3 optionally oxyalkylated hydroxyl groups, m is an integer from 1 to 4, n is an integer from 1 to 4, R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl and R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl. The betaine compounds and the aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic solutions or dispersions thereof are prepared by betainization of a corresponding tertiary amine compound with a halogenocarboxylic acid or a halogenocarboxylic acid salt. The novel betaine compounds and their solutions are suitable, in particular, for the preparation of surface-active compositions for hair and body care.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or SO.sub.3 M, ##STR2## M is hydrogen or a non-chromophoric cation and X.sup.+ is hydrogen or a non-chromophoric cation, are useful as dyes for oxidized aluminium substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to cholesteric liquid-crystalline polymers containing at least one colored comonomer which absorbs light in the visible wavelength region. The colored comonomers can be bifunctional hydroxyl, amino and/or carboxyl derivatives of anthranthrone, anthraquinone, dioxazine, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, perylene, perinone, azomethine or azo pigments or aminostilbenecarboxylic acids. Coatings containing such polymers are distinguished by coloristic effects which depend on the viewing angle and cannot be achieved by absorption pigments alone or by CLCP effect coatings.

Abstract: A process for preparing an effect coating having a perceived color which is dependent on the viewing angle, which comprises applying one or more non-curable cholesteric liquid-crystalline polymers, or at least one non-curable nematic liquid-crystalline polymer and at least one non-curable cholesteric liquid-crystalline polymer, in the form of a melt or in solution, to the article that is to be coated, and converting the applied polymer by temperature treatment into a film having a perceived color which is dependent on the viewing angle.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of camphene by the rearrangement of .alpha.-pineneA process for the preparation of camphene by the rearrangement of .alpha.-pinene in the presence of a titanium oxide hydrate catalyst under the action of heat, wherein .alpha.-pinene is refluxed until the content of .alpha.-pinene in the reaction mixture is still at least 3% by weight, and the rearrangement is then brought to completion in a secondary reaction at a temperature below 160.degree. C.By carrying out the process in this way--refluxing to a relatively high residual content of .alpha.-pinene and performing a secondary reaction at a lower temperature--the formation of polymeric by-products is reduced. This process moreover increases the yield of camphene in that recycled tricyclene, concentrated in the distillation of the crude product, is partially rearranged to camphene or the formation of more tricyclene is reduced.

Abstract: Inclusion compounds consisting of a host compound, which is a cyclically linked polysaccharide having 3 to 100 monomeric saccharide units and forming a cavity in its molecular framework, and of one or more chemical compounds which are included in this cavity as guest compound(s), are used as charge control agents and charging improvers in electrophotographic toners and developers, in triboelectrically or electrokinetically sprayable powders and powder coatings and in electret materials.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of pigment preparations, which comprises wet milling the crude pigments which are present in coarsely crystalline state, or prepigments or pigments which are present in a form in which they are difficult to disperse, in a concentration of from 20 to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the pigment preparation, in a flocculation-stable liquid medium and in a stirred ball mill which is operated with a peripheral stirrer speed of more than 12 m/s, under the action of nonmetallic grinding media with a diameter of less than or equal to 1.0 mm, until the desired degree of fine division is reached, and then isolating the pigment preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzothioxanthene dyes of the formula I, ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar. M.sup..sym. or SO.sub.2 NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are hydrogen, SO.sub.3.sup..crclbar. M.sup..sym. or SO.sub.2 NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 and X, Y, n, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and M.sup..sym. are as defined in claim 1, to their preparation and to their use, especially in inks and recording liquids.

Abstract: Water-insoluble azo colorant based on N-acetoacetyldehydrothiotoluidine Compound of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, a benzyl group, an unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group with 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, substituents from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, CF.sub.3, CONH.sub.2, CONH(C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl), CON(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl).sub.2, CONH(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl), COO(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl), COO(C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl) and CONH(phenyl),R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, CF.sub.3, COO(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl) or COO(C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl) andn is 1 or 2.