Abstract: An inverter has two transistors driven via two capacitors. The dc operating point of the transistors are set by means of currents derived from the output currents of a reference current source. This gives identical delays for the positive and negative pulse edges of the input signal, so that, in a preferred application together with a differential amplifier used as a voltage camparator, a good high-frequency response is achieved in the range from 10 to 20 MHz.

Abstract: A television sound receiving circuit for at least one sound channel contained in an RF signal converts the transmitted or already down-converted television signal as a composite signal to the baseband in a single-sideband demodulator circuit using the "phasing method", separates the first sound channel, corresponding to a lower sideband, and the second sound channel, corresponding to an upper sideband, and produces first and second sound signals at the desired frequency by subsequent frequency demodulation. Also shown are the interfaces for possible digitization and an advantageous use of the interfaces in which picture and sound signals are digitized together. The data can be combined into a single data stream which can be transferred over a bus system and is separable into the individual components if required.

Abstract: A digital television receiver circuit filters and demodulates a signal contained in the input signal of the television receiver and frequency-modulated with at least one audio signal. The only A/D converter required in the circuit is the converter for changing the video signal from analog to digital form. The circuit uses digital filters, a digital mixer, decimation stages and a digital frequency demodulator stage to separate the audio signal from the composite video signal.

Abstract: A digital frequency demodulator circuit works on the principle of determining the number of zero crossings of a band-limited input signal in a given period of time, in corresponding prior art analog circuits. The circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter, three delay elements, two edge detectors, an up/down counter, two arcsin read-only memories, a 1/2 multiplier and a multiple adder.

Abstract: In a frequency synthesizer circuit, a phase-locked loop serves to generate an analog signal. The circuit includes a phase comparator, a reference oscillator, an analog low-pass filter, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The output of the VCO is the analog signal. The phase comparator is a digital circuit to which the two phases to be compared are furnished as digital signals. One of the phase signals is a signal representative of the phase of the reference oscillator. The second phase signal is derived from an accumulator which is clocked by the VCO and accumulates an adjustable numerical value on receipt of each clock pulse. The content of the accumulator is fed to the phase comparator as the second phase signal. The phase-locked loop synchronizes the accumulator cycle frequency, which is adjustable via the numerical value, with the reference or VCO frequency and thus determines the frequency of the analog signal.

Abstract: A reticle assembly, exposure system, and method for exposing each of a plurality of levels of a single die or device dies of a semiconductor wafer to a pattern of radiation on a site-by-site exposure basis are disclosed. Radiation patterning means between a source of radiation and the semiconductor wafer pattern the radiation onto the semiconductor wafer and a stepping means incrementally moves the semiconductor wafer relative to the patterning means for exposing the device dies, one at a time, in succession. The patterning means includes a reticle assembly having a plurality of reticles arranged in a coplanar array with each reticle having a respective different die exposure pattern.

Abstract: A device for pulse modulation automatic control, where the modulation is a combined plurality of pulse components. Each pulse component is singly controlled by a respective control voltage or current, the control voltages and/or currents being fully independent from the output demodulated pulse level and from the number, per time unit, of pulses.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop for the color subcarrier signal in a television receiver is opened for non-sychronizable signals and the voltage controlled oscillator oscillates on a predetermined frequency. The lock in characteristic of the phase-locked loop is thereby improved.

Abstract: A contactless electrical switch includes a switch element comprising a piezo-resistive transducer (25). Coded toothed cams (16) operated via a shaft (14) deflect the transducer (25) causing corresponding changes in stress and hence resistance. The output of the transducer is amplified and fed to logic circuitry which determines a corresponding current path.

Abstract: To achieve improved and, in particular, optimum deflection correction of television picture tubes the sawtooth signal from the horizontal or vertical oscillator which is conventionally subjected to a correction, is left uncorrected. Per line, the time relation of the digital video signal controlling the picture tube via digital-to-analog converters is changed with respect to the time relation of the video signals as reconditioned with the aid of a video processor, i.e., by the correcting value depending on the respective locus of an image spot on the screen. Accordingly, the deflection correction is not carried out by influencing deflection means, but by a corresponding correction of the time relation of the video signals with respect to their loci on the picture screen.

Abstract: A locking device for retaining in position an electrical connection plug pumped into a socket in a measuring instrument. The device is a molded plastic adapter releasably secured to the instrument. The device has a hinge and a tab that extends transversely over the socket. The tab is provided with a hole which the plug crosses through, whose edge opposite the hinge cooperates with the plug to retain the plug in the socket. The hinge may be deformed to shift the tab laterally to release it from the plug.

Abstract: A display terminal adapted to present character information, in any one of a plurality of different display formats, within a display frame having approximately constant dimensions. The terminal preferably includes a programmable CRT controller, first and second character memories, horizontal and vertical deflection circuits for selectably generating output signals having first or second periods, a central processor and circuitry for generating constant frequency dot clock and character clock signals. In establishing each display format, the central processor programs the CRT controller with the display parameters that are appropriate for that format and generates a plurality of display format control signals for controlling the selection of a character memory and the periods of the output signals of the horizontal and vertical deflection circuits.

Abstract: A high definition TV receiver includes a single frame memory arranged with three memory areas, three multiplexers, a movement detector, a half image interpolator and a control circuit to provide flicker-free video reproduction.

Abstract: The adder/subtracter disclosed sums a plurality of n-digit binary-coded numbers (A, B, C . . . Z) successively by forming corresponding partial sums (Sb, Sc . . . Sz) according to the following recursive formula:A+B+C . . . +Z=((A+B)+C) . . . +Z=(Sb+C) . . . +Z=Sc . . . +Z=Sz.The partial sums are formed by means of parallel adders/subtracters which, in turn, include adder/subtracter stages. Each of the stages is formed by a full adder and a switching section which forms the ones complement of the subtrahend in case of subtraction. The inputs of the parallel adder/subtracter for the first partial sum are preceded by series-connected like delay elements beginning with the second lowest weight and increasing by one from weight to weight, the delay provided by the delay elements being equal to the time required to generate the carry of the full adder.

Abstract: Dopants in semiconductor bodies which have been deactivated during processing are reactivated by pulse heating the body to a temperature within the region in which the semiconductor sheet resistivity decreases with increasing anneal temperature. Typically this comprises raising the body to 1000.degree. C. within 40 seconds or less in an inert atmosphere and allowing it to cool immediately or within approximately 30 seconds. The heating is so rapid that diffusion side effects are minimized. Pulse heating may be achieved by means of a sealable microwave heating chamber (1) which can be pressurized or vented as desired and into which microwave energy is directed for a predetermined time. The microwave heating can also be employed for other processing, particularly high pressure oxidation of silicon.

Abstract: A method for increasing the speed at which characters may be written onto a liquid crystal display of the type in which a plurality of write cycles must be applied to each picture element that is to become visible. The character writing operation is divided into two or more stages each of which preferably includes an equal number of write cycles. During at least those times when an operator is entering characters more rapidly than they can be fully written, the different stages of the writing operations for two or more successive characters are performed simultaneously to increase the apparent writing speed of the display.

Abstract: A two-way ranging system in which deviations of transmit times of interrogation signals from a nominal transit time are determined at a transponder. These deviations are dependent upon the propagation conditions for interrogation and reply signals in the medium of propagation. A normally fixed delay is developed in the transponder. This fixed delay occurs between the reception of an interrogation signal and the transmission of a reply signal. This fixed delay is so shortened as to compensate for transit time deviations of the interrogation and reply signals.

Abstract: A relay is sealed with a sealing compound when the relay housing is in a closed state, thus causing an air cushion to be formed in the inside, with an afterflow of sealing compound into the interior being prevented. Following gelling or curing of the sealing compound, a vent hole is pierced into the relay housing which, if required, may be closed following degassing of the interior space of the relay.

Abstract: A receiver for bandspread signals having a pseudo-random code stored in the receiver for synchronization with a pseudo-random code (PRC) of a received and modulated signal for recovering the modulation utilizing control loops. The modulated carrier signal is frequency converted, digitized and then multiplied by the stored PRC. The signal provided is sampled at twice the rate at which the PRC is read out of memory and provided to a counter forming I and Q signals from the counter output values in the control loops for determining a plurality of controlled variables required for synchronization and demodulation.

Abstract: An antenna system which has omnidirectional coverage in azimuth and sectoral coverage in elevation. A main reflector including a reflecting surface has polar symmetry about the Z-axis. It also has a cross section in any plane containing the Z-axis which satisfies the laws of power conservation and reflection. It is determined by the desired far-field pattern and the microwave feed pattern (for example TM.sub.01) employed. Single or dual reflector systems are described. Using the system on "receive" with multiple "feeds", full azimuthal direction finding of incident radiation can be achieved.