Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming internally shrouded supersonic coherent jets comprising an inert gas, such as pure argon and argon/oxygen mixtures. This method and apparatus can be employed to produce low-carbon steels with a top lance in basic oxygen steelmaking.

Abstract: A pulse control device is maintained with a constant pulse width corresponding to a change of process or temperature. The pulse control device comprises a fuse set for selectively outputting a delay increase signal and a delay decrease signal that have a different state based on a cutting or non-cutting state of a fuse on which information on a change of process is programmed, and a pulse generator provided with a plurality of delay cells with predetermined time delay for selectively increasing or decreasing the number of the plurality of delay cells depending on the delay increase signal and the delay decrease signal to generate an internal clock with a pulse width corresponding to the number of the increased or decreased delay cells.

Abstract: A home control protection system includes at least one surge protection strip having a plurality of power outlet receptacles, and a wall mountable central control unit that is in electrical communication with the at least one surge protection strip. The surge protection strip includes a replaceable surge protector module. The surge protection strip includes a circuit for detecting and counting the number of power surges which are shunted by the surge protector module, and compares the number of power surges with a predetermined threshold power surge number that corresponds to a predicted maximum number of power surges before failure of the surge protector module will occur.

Abstract: The invention provides imaging apparatus and methods useful for obtaining a high resolution image of a sample at rapid scan rates. A rectangular detector array having a horizontal dimension that is longer than the vertical dimension can be used along with imaging optics positioned to direct a rectangular image of a portion of a sample to the rectangular detector array. A scanning device can be configured to scan the sample in a scan-axis dimension, wherein the vertical dimension for the rectangular detector array and the shorter of the two rectangular dimensions for the image are in the scan-axis dimension, and wherein the vertical dimension for the rectangular detector array is short enough to achieve confocality in a single axis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods (processes) and systems for processing triglyceride-containing, biologically-derived oils to provide for base oils and transportation fuels, wherein partial oligomerization of fatty acids contained therein provide for an oligomerized mixture from which the base oils and transportation fuels can be extracted. Such methods and systems can involve an initial hydrotreating step or a direct isomerization of the oligomerized mixture.

Abstract: A charge storage circuit includes a plurality of word lines, a plurality of bit lines, and a plurality of memory cells connected to a corresponding word line among the word lines and connected to a corresponding bit line among the bit lines. Each of the memory cells includes a transistor turned on in response to a predetermined voltage of the corresponding word line and connected to the corresponding bit line, and a capacitor having one end connected to the transistor and the other end connected to the corresponding word line.

Abstract: A hot oxygen stream containing radicals is fed into a gas stream, such as a catalyst regenerator flue gas stream, that contains carbon monoxide to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A delay locked loop (DLL) circuit includes a first feedback loop configured to delay a reference clock signal with a delay line, wherein the first feedback loop is further configured to generate a correction clock signal by correcting a duty cycle of the reference clock signal by adjusting a delay of the delay line; and a second feedback loop configured to generate an output clock signal by detecting a phase of the reference clock signal and delaying the correction clock signal with a delay according to the detection result.

Abstract: A phase locked loop that generates an internal clock by controlling a delay time of a delay cell according to conditions of PVT, thereby improving a jitter characteristic of the internal clock. The delay cell includes a first current controller for controlling first and second currents in response to a control voltage, and a second current controller for controlling the first and second currents in response to frequency range selection signals. The phase locked loop includes a phase comparator for comparing a reference clock with a feedback clock, a control voltage generator for generating a control voltage corresponding to an output of the phase comparator, and a voltage controlled oscillator for generating an internal clock having a frequency in response to the control voltage and one or more frequency range control signals, wherein the feedback clock is generated using the internal clock.

Abstract: Herein, a voltage sensing circuit, which is capable of controlling a pumping voltage to be stably generated in a low voltage environment, is provided. The voltage sensing circuit includes a current mirror having first and second terminals, a first switching element configured to control current on the first terminal of the current mirror by a reference voltage, a second switching element configured to control current from the second terminal of the current mirror in response to a pumping voltage, and a third switching element configured to control current sources of the first and second switching elements to receive a negative voltage.

Abstract: An impedance adjusting device includes: a calibration node; a comparison unit configured to compare a reference voltage with a voltage of the calibration node; a counting unit configured to generatean impedance code according to a comparison result of the comparison unit; a reference impedance unit having an impedance value according to the impedance code and connected to the calibration node; a storage unit configured to store the comparison result of the comparison unit upon the generation of the impedance code being completed; an interface node; and a termination unit configured to terminate the interface node, the termination unit including a plurality of parallel resistors configured to be turned on/off according to the impedance code, and a parallel resistor configured to be turned on/off according to a value stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: Internal voltage generation circuit including a reference oscillation signal generator for generating a reference oscillation signal according to a comparison result of a pumping voltage with a reference voltage, an oscillation signal generator for generating a plurality of oscillation signals with a predetermined phase difference and a pumping voltage generator for generating a pumping voltage through sequential charge pumping operations performed in response to the plurality of oscillation signals, respectively.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for generating and exchanging codebooks in a multiple access wireless communication system. The codebooks include a plurality of preferred precoding matrices.

Abstract: A technique for adjusting or modifying content delivery to devices is provided, thereby offering a degree of power consumption control in such devices. The device can determine a need to modify power consumption, either in response to an input or via detection of an unfavorable power supply condition. In response, the device sends a request to an infrastructure for at least one reduced rate data stream. Because the at least one reduced rate data stream requires less processing power when undergoing decoding operations, the device subsequently consumes less power. In one embodiment of the present invention, the determination of the unfavorable power supply condition may be based on a configurable power condition profile. Furthermore, subsequent to receiving the at least one reduced rate data stream, the device may provide a request to the infrastructure for at least one increased rate data stream.

Abstract: A tubing termination comprises a termination portion adapted to make a fluid connection and a tube attachment portion, adapted to receive a tube and to be crimped or swaged. The tube attachment portion comprises a retention mechanism that is adapted to be manipulated during crimping or swaging to bite the tube so as to lock the tube attachment portion relative to the tube. This retention mechanism may take the form of a deformable bite ring, a deflectable c-insert, irregularities defined on an inner surface of the tube attachment portion, and/or the like. The tube attachment portion also may include a resilient sealing mechanism adapted to provide a seal between the tube and the tube attachment portion, and thereby a fluid-tight connection between the tube and the termination portion.

Abstract: Sediment control devices (SCDs) include an apertured threshold member and an apertured outflow member, and optionally a filter member between the threshold and outflow members. In some SCDs1 the outflow member has a smaller aperture size than the threshold member, or vice versa. In some SCDs, a filter is placed in front of the threshold member. In some SCDs, there is a substantially hollow sediment control chamber (SCC) between the threshold and outflow members; in others, there is little or no hollow space between the threshold and outflow members. The SCDs can be constructed so that they are resistant to damage by wheeled traffic. The SCDs can be used to control sediment in run-off from a construction site, as drain covers, or as retaining members for lawns or planting areas. A number of SCDs can be joined together to form assemblies which are useful for stabilizing a land mass, for example a gully or river bank.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a capacitor in a semiconductor device includes forming an insulation layer over a substrate, forming a storage node contact plug passing through the insulation layer and coupled to the substrate, recessing the storage node contact plug to a certain depth to obtain a sloped profile, forming a barrier metal over the surface profile of the recessed storage node contact plug, forming a sacrificial layer over the substrate structure, etching the sacrificial layer to form an opening exposing the barrier metal, forming a bottom electrode over the surface profile of the opening, and removing the etched sacrificial layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a swing level shifting unit configured to use a first power supply voltage as a power supply voltage, receive a CML clock swinging around a first voltage level, and shift a swing reference voltage level of the CML clock to a second voltage level lower than the first voltage level, and a CML clock transfer buffering unit configured to use a second power supply voltage as a power supply voltage and buffer the CML clock, which is transferred from the swing level shifting unit and swings around the second voltage level.

Abstract: A multi-level sensing apparatus of the non-volatile memory includes a first sense amplifier configured to compare a first reference voltage with a read data of a bit line and amplify a comparison result to generate a first output; a reference voltage selector configured to select one of a second reference voltage and a third reference voltage as a fourth reference voltage according to a logic level of the first output; a second sense amplifier configured to compare the fourth reference voltage with the read data of the bit line and amplify a comparison result to generate a second output; and a decoder configured to decode the first and second outputs to output a sensing data.