Abstract: This invention relates to mineral oil based gear oils and transmission fluids which comprise a major amount of a mineral oil having an iodine number of less than 9 and where at least 55% of the saturates are aliphatic, and gear oil or transmission fluid additives. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a gear oil or transmission fluid composition comprising a major amount of lubricant basestock and at least one functional additive wherein a major amount of the lubricant basestock comprises a mineral oil having an iodine number of less than 9 and comprising at least 45% by weight of aliphatic saturates. These gear oils and transmission fluids have good viscosity and oxidation properties.

Abstract: A method for determining quality and condition of a highly resistive fluid in transportation and industrial equipment. The method uses apparatus that applies a multitude of oscillating voltage signals at determined frequencies and offsets to electrodes immersed in the fluid and quantifies fluid response to the signals. The method monitors response of the fluid to a preferred three fixed electrical signals applied by the apparatus, a high and a medium frequency signal with zero offset voltage and a low frequency signal with an offset voltage. For apparatus or applications where the monitored fluid is not controlled to constant temperature, the method includes correcting the temperature sensitive fluid responses for temperature variations for the fluid quality and condition determination. The method can also include determining when essentially complete fluid exchanges are made to the equipment without need for additional input.

Abstract: This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: A lubricant additive gel formed by the gellation of two or more lubricant additives for the slow release of the additive components into a fluid. The lubricant additive gel slowly releases into its component lubricant additives when contacted with the fluid such as an oil thereby serving as a lubricant fluid such as an oil thereby.

Abstract: An aqueous hydrocarbon fuel is produced by a batch or continuous process. The process employs a reactant emulsion as a starting component with a hydrocarbon fuel, emulsifier and water. The resulting aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion has improved stability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; and (iii) at least one surfactant.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to linear compounds in the form of oligomers or polymers containing unsubstituted or substituted phenol units and unsubstituted or substituted salicylic acid units. These compounds are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels. Metal salts of these compounds are useful as lubricant additives. A process for making these compounds is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; and (iii) at least one surfactant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising: operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion; and contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an after-treatment such as a filter.

Abstract: Compositions comprising alkoxylated lipophilic polyol compounds, e.g., ehtoxylated, esterified methyl glucosides, are disclosed wherein at least 5% of the polyol derivatives have about three moles of the lipophilic substituent per mole of polyol. Quite advantageously, the disclosed polyol derivatives can be dissolved into aqueous solutions to provide liquid thickeners suitable for thickening surfactant-containing compositions, e.g., shampoos, at cold processing temperatures.

Abstract: A process to make water-blended fuel by emulsifying the emulsifier in a portion of the fuel, then adding the water under high shear mixing to give a concentrated water fuel emulsion. The concentrated emulsion is then diluted with final portion of fuel using mixing or blending conditions resulting in an emulsified water blend fuel.

Abstract: The coupler tool of the present invention includes a ring having oppositely facing radial flat parallel sides and radial outer edges beveled toward one another. Extending axially outwardly from one of the sides is a handle portion. The handle portion includes a pair of laterally spaced apart arms extending axially outwardly from diametrically opposite areas of one side of the ring and a hand grip extending between the arms in axially spaced relation from such one side.

Abstract: This invention relates to an emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt made by reacting (C)(I) at least one acylating agent having about 16 to 500 carbon atoms with (C)(II) ammonia and/or at least one amine; and (D) about 0.001 to about 15% by weight of the water-blended fuel composition of a water soluble, ashless, halogen-, boron-, and phosphorus-free, amine salt, distinct from component (C). In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (E) at least one cosurfactant distinct from component (C); in one embodiment, (F) at least one organic cetane improver; and in one embodiment, (G) at least one antifreeze. The invention also relates to a method for fueling an internal combustion engine comprising fueling said engine with the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition containing in oxidation inhibitor package, a rust inhibitor and metal deactivator is used in industrial fluids. The oxidation package contains alkylated diphenylamines, substituted hydrocarbyl monosulphides and optionally sterically hindered phenols. The rust inhibitor contains at least 1 of alkylated amine salts of alkylphosphoric acid, dialkyldithiophosphoric acid or hydrocarbyl aryl sulphonic acids. The metal deactivator is 5-methylbenzotriazole.

Abstract: A continuous on-board diagnostic lubricant monitoring system and method evaluates lubricant quality and detects incipient lubricant failure due to contamination by measuring physical characteristics of the lubricant itself. The lubrication system (1) employs a diagnostic cell (27) which samples engine lubricant (EL) from an engine (2), and exposes the samples to sensors (28) which measure its physical characteristics. The senors (28) preferably include a permittivity sensor, a viscosity sensor, and a temperature sensor. Diagnostic testing based on the measurements can be carried out on-board via a controller (30) running selected algorithms or processes. A time to condemning limit for the lubricant, i.e., the time until the lubricant has degraded to given quality level, is calculated based on permittivity data received by the controller (30) from the sensors (28). Likewise, a time to condemning limit is calculated based on viscosity data.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, (A) at least one organic polysulfide comprising at least about 90% dihydrocarbyl trisulfide, from about 0.1% up to about 8% dihydrocarbyl disulfide, and less than about 5% dihydrocarbyl higher polysulfides, and (B) at least one overbased metal composition, at least one phosphorus or boron compound, or mixtures of two or more thereof. The invention also relates to concentrates and greases containing the above combination. The invention also relates to methods of making the organic polysulfide.

Abstract: A process for preparing nitrogen-containing copolymers useful as dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions, additive concentrates and lubricating oil compositions are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising water, a surfactant or thickener, and at least one metal-free thiophosphorus acid ester, at least one amine salt of the thiophosphorus acid ester, or a mixture thereof, wherein the thiophosphorus acid ester contains at least one hydrocarbyl terminated oxyalkylene group, at least one hydrocarbyl terminated polyoxyalkylene group, or a mixture thereof. The aqueous compositions have improved antiwear/extreme pressure properties and improved antioxidation properties. In these compositions, the thiophosphorus acid esters and their salts act as antiwear agents and rust inhibitors.

Abstract: A novel lubricating composition for manual transmissions with improved performance with sintered synchronized components. The lubricating oil composition contains high level of an alkaline earth sulfonate and amine phosphates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising: operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion; and contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst.