Abstract: The apparatus/method according to the present invention accomplishes a reduction in the total number of direct digital synthesizers (DDSs) needed for use in electronically scanned antenna array to generate multiple simultaneous radio frequency (RF) beams. The apparatus includes, inter alia, a multi-beam forming synthesizer, a plurality of DDSs, a corresponding plurality of amplifiers all operatively connected to a plurality of radiating elements of the antenna array. This arrangement uses a single DDS per radiating element. Each DDS uses a composite amplitude, phase and frequency information computed by the multi-beam forming synthesizer to create the proper waveform for driving the antenna array, and accordingly, generating the desired multiple simultaneous RF beams, i.e. 1-M (e.g. 1 through M) RF beams each of which can have a different frequency and separate modulation.

Abstract: A gauge and a method for using the gauge, measures the Frankfurt Mandibular Angle (FMA) non-invasively, without the use of x-rays. The gauge has an upper bar that, in use, parallels the patient's porion-orbitale line. A downward bar depends from the upper bar and has an adjustably attached lower bar. The lower bar is adjusted to parallel the patient's gonion-menton line. Once the gauge is properly adjusted to the patient and locked into place, the user reads a measuring device on the gauge, which indicates the relative positions of the components of the adjusted gauge. These reading are then correlated, directly or indirectly, to the patient's FMA.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously staining for various opportunistic pathogens stains tissues sections with Ziehl-Neelsen carbo-fuchsin, Schiff reagent, and a mixture of metanil yellow and stock fast green solution. In particular, the method is useful for staining tissue sections suspected of containing opportunistic pathogens commonly found in AIDS patients, i.e., acid fast mycobacteria, fungus, and Pneumocystis carinii.

Abstract: Novel immunoregulatory utilities of Escherichi coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are disclosed. This enterotoxin can be used in combination with an unrelated antigen to achieve a higher immune response to said antigen when administered as part of an oral vaccine preparation. By way of example, the efficacy of oral adjuvant therapy of LT in the development of immunological protection against herpes simplex virus was examined. In addition, the ability of LT to influence the induction and maintenance of tolerance in animals primed orally with two unrelated protein antigens administered simultaneously, OVA and BSA was examined. Simultaneous administration of LT with OVA was shown to prevent the induction of tolerance to OVA and to increase the serum anti-OVA IgG response to 30-90 fold over PBS primed and OVA primed animals, respectively.

Abstract: A random access memory element utilizes giant magnetoresistance. The element includes at least one pair of ferromagnetic layers sandwiching a nonmagnetic conductive layer. At least one of the two ferromagnetic layers has a magnetic moment oriented within its own plane. The magnetic moment of at least the first ferromagnetic layer of the pair has its magnetic moment oriented within its own plane and is typically fixed in direction during use. The second ferromagnetic layer of the pair has a magnetic moment which has at least two preferred directions of orientation. These preferred directions of orientation may or may not reside within the plane of the second ferromagnetic layer. The bit of the memory element may be set by applying to the element a magnetic field which orients the magnetic moment of the second ferromagnetic layer in one or the other of these preferred orientations.

Abstract: Means and method for jamming IR radiation-seeking threat missiles comprising means for generating wavetrains of randomized pulses of radiation of the same wavelengths at which the threat missiles are operating. The apparatus consists generally of radiation-generating means, means for pulse-modulating the radiation-generating means or the radiation itself with a wavetrain of random or pseudo-random pulses, and means for directing the modulated radiation at a target.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition suitable for storage prior to polymerization is made by mixing a phthalonitrile monomer and a curing agent under non-reactive conditions below the melting temperatures of the phthalonitrile monomer and the curing agent and in the absence of a solvent to create a homogeneous, unreacted mixture.

Abstract: A system for instrumenting time sampled predicting interference suppression, particularly in a side-lobe canceller system. Main and auxiliary channel signals are supplied to a canceller loop where correlating weights are sampled just prior to a radar pulse transmission on command of a radar pretrigger pulse. A sampling circuit stores both current and past weights and combines the current weight with the integral of the difference between the current and past weight to form predicting weights over each pulse repetition period. The predicting weights are used to form a translating signal for operating on the auxiliary channel interference signal so that it will cancel the interference in the main channel. By sampling just prior to radar pulse transmission and forming the predicting weights, cross modulation of clutter and antenna scan error can be reduced in order that a side-lobe canceller may be used compatibly with Moving Target Indicators.

Abstract: A nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) apparatus which includes a probe and a variable impedance spectrometer. The probe emits a signal towards a specimen which causes the specimen to produce a resonance signal. After a recovery period from emitting the signal, the probe receives the resonance signal produced by the specimen. The variable impedance spectrometer is connected to the probe and has a total Q factor therewith. The spectrometer causes the total Q factor during the recovery period to be lower than the total Q factor before and after the recovery period by varying the impedance of the spectrometer, without changing the electrical configuration of the probe.

Abstract: We describe an efficient algorithm for evaluating the (weighted bipartite graph of) associations between two sets of data with gaussian error, e.g., between a set of measured state vectors and a set of estimated state vectors. First a general method is developed for determining, from the covariance matrix, minimal d-dimensional error ellipsoids for the state vectors which always overlap when a gating criterion is satisfied. Circumscribing boxes, or d-ranges, for the data ellipsoids are then found and whenever they overlap the association probability is computed. For efficiently determining the intersections of the d-ranges a multidimensional search tree method is used to reduce the overall scaling of the evaluation of associations. Very few associations that lie outside the predetermined error threshold or gate are evaluated. Empirical testing for variously distributed data in both three and eight dimensions indicate that the scaling is significantly reduced from N2, where N is the size of the data set.

Abstract: A portable X-ray unit, of a relatively light-weight, occoping a volume of less then one-half a cubic foot containing an x-ray head assembly, a unique Marx generator, a plurality of spark-gap switches and control electronics is disclosed. The Marx generator allows for the development of a relatively high voltage in excess of 100 kV, yet allows for the discharge thereof within the nanosecond range. The Marx generator is enclosed by an acrylic insulator that cooperates with an aluminum enclosure, which functions as a return current path for the capacitors in the Marx generator and also as a shield against the escape of electromagnetic radiation from the pulsed x-ray unit. The Marx generator and spark-gap switches are confined within the pressurized chamber that may contain nitrogen gas to reduce the separation of the gap in the spark-gap switches.

Abstract: The invention is accomplished by preventing and/or reversing inner ear damage due to noise or toxins. In part, this is accomplished by upregulating antioxidant enzyme activity by applying agents such as R-N6-Phenylisopropyl adenosine (R-PIA) to the round window membrane of the inner ear or systemically, and/or by also applying agents such as 1-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (Procysteine) to the round window membrane. Also, the invention is accomplished by giving the compounds systemically. Selective auditory hair cell protection in the face of gentamicin exposure by concomitant delivery of an NMDA antagonist or glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) with the gentamicin. These and additional agents are also accomplished by curtailing activated programmed cell death pathways and/or inducing/enhancing cell repair mechanisms in the inner ear. The agent (s) may be applied before, during or after the noise trauma or toxin exposure.

Abstract: A new type of atom guiding structure has been analyzed. It consists of a low-core optical fiber (step-index) which is not clad, but instead has a metal coating on its outer lateral surface. It will be shown that this structure produces the maximum evanescent field in the hollow region of the fiber and guiding can be accomplished with lower power lasers. Both the dipole and the vander Waals potentials have been combined and the resulting barrier height was maximized as a function of both .DELTA., the detuning, and r, the position. An optimized potential having a barrier height of 1 K has been determined by iteratively solving for the required laser intensity. The probability of atoms tunneling through this barrier to the inner wall has been calculated and is expected to be unimportant. Centripetal effects due to a bending of the fiber have also been estimated and are small for the barrier considered here.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a low phonon energy glass and a fiber made therefrom. e glass includes the following components given in mol percent:______________________________________ germanium 0.1-30 arsenic 0-40 X 0.01-20 Y 40-85 ______________________________________wherein X is selected from the group consisting of gallium, indium and mixtures thereof wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of selenium, and mixtures of selenium and up to 50% of sulfur substituted for selenium and the glass also contains 0.001-2 weight percent of a rare earth, based on the weight of said components. The fiber has a minimum loss of less than 5 dB/m.

Abstract: An interactive data analysis system is disclosed that utilizes interactive graphic techniques to analyze ocean properties of a region of interest. The interactive system allows for a user to edit observed ocean data based on his/her a priori knowledge and insight so as to derive accurate ocean profile data.

Abstract: A gyrotron gun that generates gyrating electron beams in a controllable manner suitable for use in a wide range of gyro-amplifiers and gyro-oscillators is disclosed. The gyrotron comprises first and second means for abruptly changing a magnetic field and which means are positioned between first, second and third field coils. The field coils are operated so as to provide for a desired magnetic field profile that allows for the control of the parameters desired to provide for small-orbit, large-orbit, and linear modes of operation of the gyrotron gun. The gyrotron gun further comprises of a pair of bucking coils arranging near the cathode to independently control the axial velocity spread of the gyrating electron beam.

Abstract: This invention is a support spring made of a material, such as aluminum, that is damped by friction forces to directly support a sapphire dielectric resonator operating from a cold finger at cryogenic temperatures in a spring-mounted enclosure to reduce a phase-noise vibration sensitivity of the sapphire dielectric resonator. The support spring provides vibration isolation in al three directions, along with good thermal conductivity to aid in resonator cool-down. A damper clamp and damper clips provide the friction forces necessary for damping which prevents large vibration transmission peaks in a hostile, low-temperature, high-vacuum environment.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling the potential of a plasma including a metal-walled chamber and a conductive coil which carries a radio-frequency current and is wrapped around the metal-walled chamber to produce a plasma within the chamber. A filament made of refractory metal has two ends, and a central portion formed in the shape of a probe. The central portion of the filament extends into the interior of the chamber and the two ends of the filament pass through a wall of the chamber to the exterior of the chamber. A heating power supply is connected to the two ends to the filament and to the chamber wall for heating the filament to a predetermined temperature above that of the plasma. The heated filament produces thermionic emissions from the filament to the plasma in order to control the plasma potential and eliminate unipolar arcing at the chamber wall.

Abstract: A continuous-time multiplier-integrator-multiplier circuit in which the integrator is a transconductance-C circuit. This permits the integrators to have long time constants despite being tightly fabricated on an integrated semiconductor chip. The multipliers can preferably be Gilbert multipliers, to improve circuit frequency response.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for determining the location from which a sound blast having an identifiable audio signature originates. The system is particrly suited for determining the location of the muzzle blast from which a projectile, such as a bomb, is being launched by an enemy. The system comprises a plurality of elevated or airborne sensors whose position is accurately determined and which supply information to a land base station that performs the trigometric operations to ascertain the location of the enemy weapon.