Abstract: A heat exchanger such as a motor vehicle radiator of the tube 5 and corrugated fin 6 type has clamping members 7 to hold the fin and tube matrix together to resist outward pressure pulsations. The clamping members are located in position by means of arms 9 which are rigidly connected to the rim 8 of a tube plate into which the tubes 5 are connected, or to any other part of the respective header tank. Sliding movement is permitted between the arms 9 and clamping members 7, so that differential thermal expansion between the clamping members 7 and the tubes 5 which have liquid running through them is taken up by the relative movement of the arms 9 and the clamping members 7. Because the clamping members 7 are of uniform section, and are not directly shaped to be secured to the header tanks, lower tooling costs are possible.

Abstract: Two piston and cylinders 13, 15 and 16, 18 control the force reaction of a roller mounting in a continuously-variable-ratio transmission of the rolling traction type. A pressure control valve 23 controls the net force on the roller mounting by controlling the relative pressure in two pressure lines which include the cylinders. A flow dividing valve 22 equalizes the flows in the lines by feedback across two identical orifices 26, 27. Excessive displacements of the roller mounting (which could cause the rollers to run off their toroidal races) are controlled by ports 19, 20, which are restricted at respective ends of the permissible movement. The restriction causes a pressure build up in the cylinder which resists that threatening the original overshoot, while restricting the effect of the pressure control valve by virtue of the action of the orifices 26, 27 and flow dividing valve 22, and this also reduces the pressure which originally threatened the overshoot.

Abstract: A road wheel suspension includes a wishbone 13 which may be for a rear driven wheel. Fore-and-aft compliance is introduced into the suspension without the usual problems of steering by mounting the wishbone on the body via a link 15 which can pivot about a transverse axis. In one embodiment, the inner ends of the front wishbone arms are mounted at the bottom of (plate-shaped) link 15, which is apertured to allow the propshaft to extend through, and the inner ends of the rear arms are resiliently secured to cross-member 21. The link is pivotally mounted on the final drive casing 14 about a transverse axis. The wishbones are stiff as far as lateral deflections are concerned but compliant for fore-and-aft deflections, the latter feature promoting increased ride comfort.

Abstract: A diesel engine 1 drives a continuously-variable-ratio transmission 3 via an over-running clutch 2 and the transmission in turn drives a drive axle 4. A flywheel 5, used to store energy when the vehicle equipped with the driveline is braked, is energized via the transmission and also drives it when returning its stored energy to the vehicle.The connection between the flywheel 5 and the transmission 3 is via an over-running clutch 6 and a centrifugal clutch 7. The centrifugal clutch closes at a speed which is such that the speed of the gear 9 is a little above the maximum speed it could be driven by the engine 1. When the flywheel 5 is not energized, the centrifugal clutch 7 is open and the engine 1 drives the transmission 3 via the clutch 2 and, after bringing the flywheel up to a speed corresponding to maximum engine speed, the flywheel is not driven so long as the engine speed is below maximum (because of clutch 6).

Abstract: A turbine housing construction particularly adapted for use with turbochargers for internal combustion engines. A vortex transition duct is inserted between the source of exhaust gas for driving the turbine and the exhaust gas inlet of the turbine volute. In prior turbocharger constructions, the distribution of the velocity of the exhaust gas fed to and as seen by the turbine volute inlet is uniform. Yet, it is desirable that the radial velocity distribution of exhaust gases entering the turbine volute be of a free vortex distribution. The vortex transition duct of this invention transforms the uniform radial velocity distribution of the exhaust gases, prior to their entry into the turbine volute inlet, into a free vortex distribution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of three-dimensional visualization of an object and a device therefor. A video camera, equipped with an image numerator takes photographs supplied by an electron microscope, for different angular positions of an object. The images which are numbered thus are applied to a digital image memory. Under the control of a visualization clock, this memory delivers the line of the same range taken successively in each of the base images to an image visualization member. The member reproduces its lines consecutively, and thus forms a composite image which may be used for relief visualization. In order to re-establish the format of the image, an anamorphosis is carried out, for example, by repeating n times on each line of the composite image each of the image points selected in one of the base images. The composite image which is obtained thus is provided with a lenticular grating of sectors of a cylinder.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a control system for an air/fuel ratio measurement and adjustment system for an internal combustion engine. In order to limit operation of the measurement and adjustment system to occasions when adjustment is likely to be necessary, an altitude sensing system is provided and the air/fuel ratio measurement and adjustment system is operated in response to measurement of a change in altitude. Altitude measurement is by way of measurement of absolute pressure in the engine inlet manifold and relating the measured pressure to an expected inlet manifold pressure at sea level for the current conditions of throttle opening and engine speed.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a control system for an air/fuel ratio measurement and adjustment system for an internal combustion engine. In order to restrict operation of the air/fuel ratio measurement and adjustment system to occasions when adjustment is likely to be necessary, it is desirable to operate the system at approximately daily intervals. The control system incorporates an ambient temperature sensor and an engine coolant temperature sensor and is arranged to operate the measurement and adjustment system when the engine is started if the engine coolant temperature does not exceed the ambient temperature by more than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: Apparatus for packaging of drinking straws. A cylinder having notches extending longitudinally thereof is positioned at the lower end of a hopper for the straws. The hopper has a supply conduit terminating in an outlet closely overlying the surface of the cylinder. The straws pass into the supply conduit in parallel horizontal positions to define an endless column. A feed mechanism compresses the straws within the supply conduit so that individual straws are forcefully engaged with the notches in the cylinder. A first web is fed onto the periphery of the cylinder in overlying relation to the notches and when a notch, covered by the first web, moves into alignment with the outlet of the supply conduit, a lowermost straw is forced from the supply conduit into the notch while deforming the web to the general configuration of the notch.

Abstract: A turbocharger having a by-pass system for selectively by-passing exhaust gases from the turbine rotor. The by-pass arrangement includes a housing portion having a by-pass passage which preferably extends from the exhaust inlet to the exhaust outlet. There is a port from the exhaust inlet into the by-pass passage which is selectively controlled by a pivoted valve. The turbocharger with the by-pass arrangement may be utilized with a conventional vehicle exhaust system of the type having a catalytic convertor and if so desired, a major portion of the by-pass gases may also by-pass the catalytic convertor. A control device disposed remote from the turbocharger permits the use of relatively inexpensive control elements.

Abstract: A torsional vibration isolator coupling displaying particular utility in automotive vehicles powered by internal combustion engines of the diesel or otto type. An input torque shaft having undesirable torsional vibrations, such as a torque directly derived from an internal combustion engine, is coupled to an input torque disc. The periphery of the input torque disc is coupled by an elastomer member and an intermediate rigid disc member to the periphery of a torque output disc, the periphery of the latter also carrying an elastomer member. The two torque discs are parallel and coaxial. A torque output shaft is carried by the torque output disc. A rigid cylindrical retainer axially clamps and axially compresses the elastomer members against their sandwiched torque discs. The output torque is substantially free of torsional vibrations, thus extending the life of power brake, power steering, and the like units driven by the torque output shaft.

Abstract: This relates to improvements in turbochargers and more particularly to the venting of the bearing housing of a turbocharger adjacent the compressor housing. Under certain operating conditions, insufficient air is available for the compressor intake, with the result that the compressor draws a vacuum within the compressor housing and causes an undesirable flow of lubricant from the turbocharger bearings to the compressor discharge. This vacuum is applied to the interior of the bearing housing in the general area of the oil deflector and thrust bearing. A vent passage is formed through the oil deflector and the thrust bearing and down between the thrust bearing and bearing support so as to vent that portion of the bearing housing to the lubricant drain cavity, and thereby inhibit undesirable lubricant flow to the compressor discharge.

Abstract: An unsupported form system for ceiling formworks is disclosed which comprises of three elements, i.e. extensible shores, head elements on the top of said shores and form boards to be positioned directly on the head elements. The head elements have flat supports for the boards which, for their part, have an open frame, the edges thereof cooperating with truncated pyramid noses on said supports. The boards may be suspended on the head elements of erected shores from below and may be brought into their horizontal operational position with the next shores once these have been erected. Pivotal levers are used for supporting adjacent boards between those which are supported directly on the head elements which interconnect said shores in pairs.

Abstract: A saw-chain sharpening device is provided which is releasably attachable to a portable chain saw to enable routing-type saw chain cutters to be sharpened in situ on the chain-saw guide bar. The sharpening device comprises a support bridge clampable to the saw guide bar in a position straddling one pass of the chain. This bridge supports a grinding-wheel mounting arrangement which can be set up to orientate a grinding wheel carried thereby into the plane of the routing-edge face of a cutter to be sharpened. Once correctly orientated, the grinding wheel is driven in rotation by external means (such as a conventional electric drill) and approached towards the cutter along a path lying in said plane. This path is defined by a linear guide of the mounting arrangement, the guide being slanted at the undercut angle of the cutter face.

Abstract: An improvement over U.S. Pat. No. 3,440,899 by McGavern. That patent includes a first plurality of shear liquid filled cavities defined by through apertures in the elastomer member. The improvement of this invention resides in adding a second plurality of shear liquid filled cavities, the cavities located in the inertia member at a surface thereof interfaced with the elastomer member. By this construction the total volume of shear liquid is increased, thereby increasing the damping action of the torsional vibration damper.

Abstract: A shear fluid, temperature responsive fan drive coupling for the radiator cooling fan of an internal combustion engine. The drive coupling, conventionally, carries a temperature responsive valve which controls the degree of rotary coupling between the engine and the radiator cooling fan by controlling the quantity of shear fluid between a driving disc and a driven housing carrying the fan. The disc and the housing are parts of the coupling. The specific improvement of this invention relates to the provision of accumulator grooves in the walls of the drive chamber. These grooves allow an increase in the volume of shear (torque-transmitting) liquid in the coupling. The coupling exhibits modulated torque transmitting action in passing from partial to full engagement as temperature is varied.

Abstract: A plug door assembly for use in closing an opening in a wall. The assembly includes a door and rail means adapted to be mounted on the wall for use in longitudinally moving the door between an open position alongside the opening and an intermediate position opposite the opening. Mounting means movably mount the door on the rail means. The mounting means include means for laterally moving the door between the intermediate position and a closed position within the opening, and means for locking the door in the closed position with cooperating locking means on the wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for bringing into register the circular end section of a cylindrical element with the circular end section of a cylinder end, with a view to assembly thereof by welding, the cylindrical element presenting an axis of revolution and comprising a receiving end adapted to receive the cylinder bottom, the device comprising a frame defining a track; a stop fixed to the frame; a bottom-carrying carriage movable on the track; a cylinder-carrying carriage movable on the track between the fixed stop and the bottom-carrying carriage; and a carriage supporting a member for radially tightening the receiving end of the cylindrical element, this carriage being movable on the track between the cylinder-carrying carriage and the bottom-carrying carriage. The invention is applicable to the manufacture of containers.