Abstract: A synthetic jet actuator, which can be micromachined if desired, generates a synthetic jet stream characterized by a series of successive vortices that can be used for effectively entraining adjacent fluid. The synthetic jet actuator can be used to bend, or vector, a jet stream from another jet actuator. Further, because the synthetic jet actuator exhibits zero net mass flux, the synthetic jet actuator can be used within a bounded volume. In structure, the synthetic jet actuator comprises a housing defining an internal chamber and having an orifice. A flexible metallized diaphragm forms a wall of the housing and can change the volume of the chamber when moved. An electrode is disposed adjacent to and spaced from the diaphragm, and an electrical bias is imposed between the metallized diaphragm and the electrode by a control system to force movement of the diaphragm. As the diaphragm moves, the volume in the internal chamber changes and vortices are ejected from the chamber through the orifice.

Abstract: A circuit for connecting multiple signal paths within a multi-mode communication device includes a double balanced mixer circuit selectively functioning as a modulation switch during an unbalanced state. As applied to a transmit section of a CDMA/FM cellular telephone, a dual-function double balanced mixer circuit connects a CDMA IF signal path with an FM audio signal path. The double balanced mixer circuit includes a double balanced mixer connected through oscillator input to an external LC (inductor-capacitor) tank connected to both a PLL (phase lock loop) and an FM audio signal. One signal input of the double balanced mixer receives a CDMA low IF signal, while the other double balanced mixer signal input is connected to a microprocessor-controlled switch for selectively unbalancing the balanced mixer while in the FM mode of operation.

Abstract: A method for fabricating capacitors of a DRAM by employing the liquid-phase deposition. Since the working temperature required for performing liquid-phase deposition is low, selective deposition can be performed on the area not covered by photoresist with the presence of the photoresist layer. The foregoing method comprises: filling up the contact hole with photoresist, and keeping up coating photoresist upward and horizontally; selectively depositing oxide on the area, that is not coated with photoresist, by utilizing the liquid-phase deposition process; removing the photoresist for forming an opening which forms the profile of the lower electrode of a capacitor; forming a conductive layer on the inner walls of the opening, and having the contact hole filled as well to form the lower electrode.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a buried bit line. An insulating layer is formed on a substrate, a trench is formed within the substrate by patterning the insulating layer and the substrate and then a liner oxide is formed on the trench surface. Then, a first conductive layer is formed on the insulating layer to cover the liner oxide layer and fills the trench. A portion of the first conductive layer is removed, exposing a portion of the liner oxide layer. Next, the exposed liner oxide layer is removed to form a space which, along with the trench, is filled with a second conductive layer on the insulating layer. Ion implantation and annealing is performed to form a shallow junction region in the substrate and the shallow junction region makes contact with the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing compressed natural gas and for maximizing the mass of compressed gas dispensed into a gas storage cylinder is disclosed. Pressure and temperature transducers are provided as a part of the apparatus to emit data signals to a control processor of the pressure and temperature of a supply of compressed gas delivered to a gas dispenser, as well as the ambient temperature at the dispenser and the pressure of the compressed gas within the cylinder, respectively. A mass flow meter is also provided for emitting a data signal to the control processor of the mass of compressed gas injected into the storage cylinder.

Abstract: A structure of a capacitor in a DRAM includes: A dielectric layer with a contact window for later connecting use is formed on a substrate. Then, a first-conductive layer is formed over the dielectric and is coupled to either the source or the drain of a TFET through the contact window. Subsequently, a number of insulating layers and second-conductive layers are superposed alternatively together to form a stacked layer. By using the space occupied by the insulating layers, a number of third-conductive layers replacing the inner portion of the insulating layers are formed in between the second-conductive layers. After removing the insulating layers between the second-conductive layers, a structure of a horn-like in a sectional view is formed. The first-conductive layer, the second-conductive layers and the third-conductive layers are coupled together to act as a lower electrode of the capacitor. Then, a dielectric thin film is formed over the lower electrode.

Abstract: A battery for supplying power to an automotive electrical system. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the battery includes a first terminal and second terminal connected across at least one power cell configured to generate an electrical potential between the first and second terminals. The battery, however, further includes a first electrical distribution block being electrically connected directly with the first battery terminal, and thus is at the same electrical potential. Similarly, the battery includes a second electrical distribution block that is electrically isolated from the second terminal. In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the second distribution block is electrically connected to the second battery terminal via a protection fuse. Typically, the protection fuse will range from 60 amperes to 300 amperes in its rating value.

Abstract: A high speed modem for simultaneously transmitting both voice and precoded digital data signals over a single communication channel. The modem is operable to combine a voice signal with a precoded digital data signal for transmission at high speeds, high power levels and low distortion previously attainable by high speed data-only modems. The voice signal is processed using conventional data processing techniques to produce a voice signal and a control signal containing information relating to the coding of the voice signal. The control signal is multiplexed and mapped for transmission with the digital data. Selected bits of the multiplexed data are used to define the rotation of the digital data and to rotate the voice vector. The digital data is precoded to compensate for and minimize noise in the communication channel. The rotated voice vector and the precoded digital data are then combined and transmitted.

Abstract: A method of forming an inter-metal dielectric layer using hydrogen silsesquoxane (HSQ) as one of the dielectric layers. HSQ is a highly fluidic material that has a high gap-filling capacity. Therefore, the desired thickness and uniformity can be obtained in a single coating operation. Furthermore, when the HSQ layer is cured in an atmosphere of gaseous nitrogen, the HSQ layer is able to attain a high degree of planarity. Consequently, there is no need to planarize the dielectric layer before carrying out subsequent operations.

Abstract: A system for controlling the fill of a receptacle cylinder with compressed natural gas (CNG). The flow of gas into the receptacle cylinder is controlled by a fill controller with software configured to calculate the mass of gas to be added to the cylinder as a function of the pressure and temperature in the cylinder during the fill process and to open and close a flow valve in accordance with such calculation.

Abstract: A subband coder with jointly optimized multistage residual quantizers and entropy coders for image coding which allows the subband coder to exploit both linear and non-linear dependencies that may exist within and across the subbands. Both inter- and intra-band dependencies are simultaneously exploited via jointly optimizing the subband coders and entropy coders in an entropy constrained optimization framework involving rate, distortion and complexity. The multistage quantization structure and the effectiveness of the statistical modeling algorithm results in an attractive balance among reproduction quality, rate and complexity.

Abstract: A method for fabricating capacitors of a DRAM by employing liquid-phase deposition. Since the working temperature required for performing liquid-phase deposition is low, the deposition process can be performed in the presence of the photoresist. This method comprises: filling the contact hole and covering the isolation layer with conductive layer; performing an etching process on the conductive layer by using photoresist and low-temperature spacer as mask; again performing an etching process on the conductive layer, to a desired depth by controlling the etching time and using the low-temperature spacer as mask; removing the low-temperature spacer for finally forming the lower electrode of a cylindrical capacitor.

Abstract: Digital data is encoded using a modulus m converter to produce fractionally encoded words, where m is the nearest integer larger than 2.sup.c and c is a noninteger. The fractionally encoded words are mapped into a symbol constellation having m symbols to produce a two dimensional data signal. The data signal is added to a two dimensional analog signal, which was obtained by encoding an input analog signal, to produce a combined two dimensional signal. The combined signal is modulated using QAM and then transmitted over a communication channel.

Abstract: A system and method for establishing a link layer connection between a calling modem having a plurality of possible first physical layer modulations and one or more possible link layer connections and an answering modem having a plurality of possible second physical layer modulations and one or more possible link layer connections comprising the steps of establishing a physical layer connection between the calling and the answering modems, wherein the physical layer connection is based on a negotiated physical layer modulation chosen from the first and second physical layer modulations, and establishing link layer connection based upon said negotiated physical layer modulation. The link layer connection includes parameters that are preset to default values based upon the negotiated physical layer connection. Thus, the modems are able to avoid the link layer negotiation, thereby providing a faster and more robust connection.

Abstract: A method of forming DRAMs that utilizes cap layers and spacers to surround the gate and bit line so that the necessary contact openings in DRAM can be formed in two self-aligned contact opening processing operations. Furthermore, the DRAM capacitor is formed by alternately depositing two types of insulating layers, one over the other, with each insulating layer having a different etching rate, and then performing an etching operation. Therefore, a deer antler-shaped mold is formed that can ultimately be used to fabricate a storage electrode with a large surface area.

Abstract: A magnetic relay system is implemented to act as a relay driven by a magnetic flux yet capable of production through micromachining. The magnetic relay system has an electromagnet, a movable plate, and conductive contacts. The contacts are connected to the circuits of outside electrical systems that are to be controlled by the switching of the relay system. The plate is movable allowing it to engage both contacts and allow current flow between the contacts or to disengage both contacts and prevent current flow between the contacts. The electromagnet provides a sufficient magnetic flux at desired times to move the movable plate and thereby controls whether the movable plate is engaged with the contacts. The electromagnet, movable plate, and the conductive contacts may be formed on a substrate capable of construction using microfabrication techniques.

Abstract: A radiation resistant meter for use in intense ionising radiation fields ludes a meter unit (10) coupled to a separate processing and indicating unit (50) by means of a radio link (24,35). Radiation sensitive components in the voltage amplifier (14) and low frequency oscillator (16) are replaced by valves. Certain radiation sensitive components are covered in a potting compound. A calibration system formed from five zener voltage references (28) is located close to the sensor (12) and coupled to the same circuitry by a multiplexer (30), as is a thermistor (24) the signals from the components (12,26,28) are fed to the amplifier (14) in cyclical manner and processed by a computer (40) in the receiving unit (50). From the calibration voltages (28), the computer determines a calibration curve used for determining the magnitude of the parameter sensed by the sensor (12). The meter can operate at and measure radiation levels far higher than previously known equipment.

Abstract: An adjustable chimney cover is provided which can be adjusted in length and width to accommodate any size chimney. The chimney cover is comprised of a plurality of subassemblies, each of which comprises two side panels and a middle panel. The first ends of the side panels are movably mounted within a guide structure formed in the middle panel to allow the side panels to slide in first and second directions within the guide structure. The overall length of the subassemblies can be adjusted by sliding the panels in the first or second directions. Once the length of the subassemblies has been fixed, the side panels are locked in place. The subassemblies are then placed in an overlapping relationship and adjacent side panels are attached at their second ends. The second ends of the side panels are then attached to a chimney. In order to adjust the width of the chimney cover, additional side panels are used and/or the amount of overlap between the subassemblies is adjusted.