Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating residual petroleum oil has a pore size distribution related to the measured size distribution of sulfur, nickel and vanadium containing molecules in the residual oil to be hydrotreated. The size distribution of the sulfur, nickel and vanadium containing molecules in the residual oil is measured by gel permeation chromatography. From this measured size distribution, the catalyst pore size distribution which produces desired demetalization and desulfurization is determined for specified process conditions. A catalyst having the determined pore size distribution is produced by calcining alumina at different temperatures to produce alumina with the determined pore size distribution. The alumina is impregnated with cobalt molybdenum to produce the catalyst which is tailored to produce the desired demetalization and desulfurization of the residual oil to be treated.

Abstract: Operation of regenerators of commercial equipment for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock, such as gas oil, in the absence of added hydrogen is improved considerably by use of a cracking catalyst which contains a minute amount, as low as fractions of a part per million (ppm), of a metal from periods 5 and 6 of Group VIII of the Periodic Table or rhenium. These powerful dehydrogenation metals, in the amounts here used, do not have serious adverse effect on the cracking operation and reduce CO content of flue gases from the regenerator to negligible amounts.

Abstract: An improved solvent refining process for hydrocarbon oils such as asphalt-free lube fractions and diesel fuels is provided by recycling an inert gas such as nitrogen through the contact zone of the extraction tower.

Abstract: An improved process for catalytically dewaxing a hydrocarbon oil is disclosed. In this process the waxy oil is contacted in the presence of hydrogen with a dense zeolitic dewaxing catalyst associated with a nickel-tungsten hydrogenation component. The dewaxed oil has unexpectedly good stability and a low bromine number compared with prior-art processed oils. The process may be used to dewax crude oils, fuel oil fractions and lubricating oils.

Abstract: A metal combustion promoter is introduced into the circulating inventory of catalyst in the catalytic cracking process to temporarily change the operating mode of the regenerator and decrease the CO content of the flue gas, thus permitting temporary shutdown of the CO-boiler of CO-incinerator, while continuing operation of the catalytic cracking process. The metal combustion promoters are compounds of platinum, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, or rhenium. The described technique permits rapid shutdown and minimizes the time of operation outside of compliance with local or other ordinances.

Abstract: This invention provides a sorbent composition, manganese nodules with occluded sulfur, effective for removing metal contaminants from gases or liquids. It is effective for removing lead contaminant from gasoline and mercury from water or natural gas. It may be used in the chlor-alkali process for cleaning by-product hydrogen. The sorbent also may be used for recovering valuable metals, for example from mine seepage waters.

Abstract: A process for directly hydrating linear olefins having up to 4 carbon atoms to form alcohols, catalyzed by a novel class of highly siliceous zeolites exemplified by HZSM-5.

Abstract: The combustion of carbon monoxide in the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking plant is controlled by adding a minute amount of a platinum metal compound or a rhenium compound to the circulating inventory of cracking catalyst during operation of the plant. The addition is accomplished by introducing a solution of the compound into a side-stream of the circulating inventory cooled preferably to about the boiling point of the solvent. Excess solvent may be used as coolant. The addition may be made to coked or to regenerated catalyst. Suitable solvents include water and organic fluids boiling above about 140.degree. F. to about 600.degree. F. A particularly suitable side-stream apparatus is disclosed.

Abstract: This specification discloses an insoluble resin-metal compound complex, the method for its preparation, and its use in carrying out a catalyzed reaction. The complex is a weak base anion exchange resin which has been contacted with a solution of a coordination compound having at least two ligands connected to at least one central metal atom to bond chemically the resin to the metal atom by replacement of at least one of the ligands of the coordination compound by a functional group of the weak base anion exchange resin. The complex can be used as a catalyst for hydrogenation, carbon monoxide insertion, polymerization, isomerization, vinyl ester exchange, and ethylene oxidation reactions, among others.

Abstract: In the fluid catalytic cracking process, improved adaptive behavior of the catalyst section with the regenerator operating in the complete CO-burning mode is achieved by including within the regenerator, as an element of control, variable recycle of regenerated to spent catalyst. In response to excursions of the regenerated catalyst temperature, such as would be caused by change of feedstock, the recycle ratio is altered in a direction to restore the temperature to a predetermined value. The improved control system extends the useful control range, and it also diminishes counterproductive changes in severity induced by disturbances such as change of feedstock quality.

Abstract: In the fluid catalytic cracking process, improved adaptive behavior of the catalyst section with the regenerator operating in the complete CO-burning mode is achieved by including, as elements of control, variable preheat of the oil feed and variable recycle of regenerated catalyst to spent catalyst. In response to excursions of the regenerated catalyst temperature, such as would be caused by change of feedstock, the oil preheat temperature and recycle ratio are altered in a direction to restore the regenerated catalyst temperature to a predetermined value. The improved control system extends the useful control range, and it also diminishes counterproductive changes in severity induced by disturbances such as change of feedstock quality.

Abstract: Demetallized oils such as deasphalted or catalytically demetallized residua are upgraded as catalytic cracking feedstock by contact with a denitrogenation catalyst having at least 80 percent of its pore volume in pores less than 50 Angstroms in diameter.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing synthetic mordenite in which the shape or other feature of the microscopic mordenite crystals is controlled by including an organic basic nitrogen compound in the forming solution.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing synthetic nitrogenous zeolites such as ZSM-5 in which the shape or some other feature of the microscopic crystals is controlled by including in the forming solution an organic basic nitrogen compound in addition to the organic nitrogenous template.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils such as residual petroleum oils are efficiently deasphalted and demetallized with recovery of high quality asphalt by contact with a liquid mixture of at least two of the components selected from hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and propane. The recovered deasphalted oil, which is characterized by reduced metal and sulfur content, may be used as charge stock to the fluid catalytic cracking process or to the hydrocracking process.

Abstract: Metal salts and amides of alkyl-lactam acetic acids are prepared by reacting gamma-hydrocarbyl butyrolactone acetic acid compounds derived from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with metal compounds and amines or amines alone. High molecular weight lactam acid salts and amides and metal complexes and metal carbamates thereof are useful as detergents or dispersants in organic industrial fluids. Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing lactone acetic acids in yields up to 90% conversion from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.

Abstract: Gamma-alkyl-gamma-butyrolactones having an alkyl substituent of at least 16 carbon atoms in length are reacted with amines or polyalkylenepolyamines, providing novel lactams useful as multifunctional agents in lubricants, fuels, coolants and other organic fluids.

Abstract: A process is provided for improving the stability of a hydrocarbon mineral oil, particularly a hydrocracked stock, normally susceptible to thermal oxidation and the effect of light rays and for decreasing the tendency of the oil to form sludge material. The process involves reacting the hydrocarbon mineral oil before or after conventional treatment, such as dewaxing operations, with a stabilizing agent, such as an olefin, alcohol, ester or alkyl halide in the presence of a heterogeneous acidic catalyst which includes acid resins, clays and aluminosilicates, and which has a controlled alkylation activity. The final oil product has improved light stability over a conventionally treated oil.

Abstract: Lube base stock oil of low pour point and excellent stability is produced from a waxy crude oil fraction by solvent refining, catalytic dewaxing over a zeolite catalyst in the nature of zeolite ZSM-5 and hydrotreating under specified conditions.

Abstract: A novel class of biodegradable detergents having improved resistance to precipitation in hard water are the water-soluble ionic salts or nonionic esters or amides of alkanoic acids which are substituted by at least one group containing an electronegative atom, said substitution being attached to a carbon atom 2 to 5 positions from the carboxyl carbon. Gamma-substituted alkanoic acid derivatives are preferred.