Abstract: Waxy distillate lubricating oil stocks suitable for the preparation, by conventional unit processes, of high V.I., low pour point lubricating oils, are advantageously catalytically dewaxed with macrocrystalline ZSM-5 (crystallites larger than 2 microns) preferably associated with a hydrogenation metal such as platinum or palladium.

Abstract: Gamma-butyrolactones are formed by reacting an olefin with a compound containing a carboxylate moiety having at least one hydrogen atom on the alpha carbon atom in the presence of an ion of manganese, cerium, or vanadium, the ion being in a valency state higher than its lowest valency state.

Abstract: Non-hydrogenative endothermic catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon, particularly petroleum, fractions at relatively low pressures and high temperatures in a system where the endothermic heat required for cracking is supplied by catalyst as the heat transfer medium, which catalyst has been heated by burning coke deposited on the catalyst during cracking; and wherein a decomposable compound of platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, rhodium or rhenium, is introduced into contact with the cracking catalyst during said process.

Abstract: Metal-contaminated oils, including mildly hydrotreated residual oils, are catalytically cracked in the absence of added hydrogen in a fluid catalytic cracking process wherein the regenerated catalyst has less than about 0.05 wt. % residual carbon. By conducting regeneration of the catalyst to that level at 1300.degree. to 1400.degree. F. (preferably at about 1350.degree. F.) with excess air, additional benefits are realized in that metal deposited on the catalyst by cracking of residual stocks is thereby passivated.

Abstract: Linear polyester resins, terminated with carboxyl groups, and suitable for inclusion in heat-curable fluid coating compositions, are advantageously modified by capping a minor fraction of the carboxyl groups with a hydrocarbyl glycidyl ether. The capped resins produce water-reducible formulations that exhibit a fast curing rate and excellent adhesion when formulated with hexamethoxymethylmelamine, for example. Such fluid coating compositions may be used as industrial coatings and coil-coatings.

Abstract: Specialty oils of very low pour point and excellent stability, such as transformer oils and refrigerator oils, are produced from waxy crude distillates by solvent refining, catalytic dewaxing over a zeolite catalyst in the nature of zeolite ZSM-5 and hydrotreating.

Abstract: An olefin is reacted with a source of X free radical in the presence of an ion of manganese, vanadium, or cerium having a valence higher than the lowest valence above the zero valent form of the metal to form derivatives of the olefin that contain one or more functional groups. The free radical X is one that is resistant to substantial oxidation by the ion or the metal and is obtained from ketones, aldehydes, esters, nitriles, nitroparaffins, sulfoxides, thiosulfonic acid esters, alkanesulfonic acids, alkensulfinic acids, and thiols. Hexahydrobenzofuranone compounds are prepared by this reaction.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking process for cracking hydrocarbons with a zeolitic cracking catalyst and in the absence of added hydrogen, the desired value of CO.sub.2 /CO in the flue gases from the regenerator is achieved by including in the catalyst a combustion-promoter metal such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium or rhenium, and, additionally, contacting the catalyst with a metal-free chlorine or bromine compound.

Abstract: Linear polyester resins, terminated with carboxyl groups, and suitable for inclusion in heat-curable fluid coating compositions, are advantageously modified by capping a minor fraction of the carboxyl groups with a hydrocarbyl glycidyl ether. The capped resins produce water-reducible formulations that exhibit a fast curing rate and excellent adhesion when formulated with hexamethoxymethylmelamine, for example. Such fluid coating compositions may be used as industrial coatings and coil-coatings.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the production of oxygenated compounds, more specifically aldehydes and alcohols, by reacting an olefin with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of, as a catalyst, an insoluble polymer containing a functional group, which may be an amine, thiol, phosphine, or arsine group, having chemically bonded thereto a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table. The metal can be, for example, rhodium, cobalt, or ruthenium. The olefin can contain more than one carbon-to-carbon double bond, may be an open chain or a cyclic olefin, and may be substituted. Further, the olefin may be contained in a refinery stream such as a cracked gasoline. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a polar solvent.

Abstract: In the fluid catalytic cracking process, improved adaptive behavior of the catalyst section with the regenerator operating in the complete CO-burning mode is achieved by including, as elements of control, variable preheat of the air feed and variable recycle of regenerated catalyst to spent catalyst. In response to excursions of the regenerated catalyst temperature, such as would be caused by change of feedstock, the air preheat temperature and recycle ratio are altered in a direction to restore the regenerated catalyst temperature to a predetermined value. The improved control system extends the useful control range, and it also diminishes counterproductive changes in severity induced by disturbances such as change of feedstock quality.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with removing metal and sulfur contaminants from residual oil fractions by catalytic contact with an improved catalyst comprising the oxides or sulfides of a Group VIB metal and an iron group metal supported on an alumina that contains dispersed Delta and/or Theta phase alumina, the catalyst having at least 45% of its pore volume in pores 30 to 150A diameter, at least 10% of its pore volume in pores less than 30A diameter, and at least 15% of its pore volume in pores greater than 300A diameter. The process can be used to prepare feedstock for catalytic cracking.

Abstract: Non-hydrogenative endothermic catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon, particularly petroleum, fractions at relatively low pressures and high temperatures in a system where the endothermic heat required for cracking is supplied by catalyst as the heat transfer medium, which catalyst has been heated by burning coke deposited on the catalyst during cracking; and wherein a decomposable compound of platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, rhodium or rhenium, is introduced into contact with the cracking catalyst during said process.

Abstract: Ethylene is produced by catalytic conversion of a methanol feed in the presence of substantially anhydrous diluent. The catalyst employed is exemplied by HZSM-5, a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, and the conversion is conducted at relatively low temperature, e.g. less than about 650.degree. F. The hydrocarbon conversion product contains at least 18 wt.% ethylene.

Abstract: Ethylene is produced by catalytic conversion of a methanol feed in the presence of steam or water diluent. The catalyst employed is exemplified by HZSM-5, a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, and the conversion is conducted at relatively low temperature, i.e. from about 600.degree. F to about 750.degree. F. The hydrocarbon conversion product contains at least 18 wt.% ethylene.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns the demetalation and desulfurization of metal and sulfur containing petroleum oils, preferably those containing residua hydrocarbon components, through the use of a catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component composited on a refractory base, preferably an alumina, whose pores are substantially distributed over a narrow 100A to 200A diameter range, but also having at least about 5% of its pores of a diameter greater than 500A.

Abstract: Gamma-alkyl-gamma-butyrolactones having an alkyl substituent of at least 16 carbon atoms in length, preferably at least 25 carbon atoms, are formed by reacting a monoolefin with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a reducible metal ion of higher-valent form, such as the manganic ion, Mn.sup.+3. The resulting lactones are useful as antiwear agents and for improving the adherence of wax coatings of paper and, upon reaction with amines, polyalkylenepolyamines, for providing novel lactams and bislactams useful as multifunctional agents in lubricants, fuels, coolants and other organic fluids. Thus, the compounds of this invention are of the general structure ##STR1## the alkyl group being as defined above, X being oxygen, imino, alkylimino, polyalkylenepolyamino or lactam(polyalkylenepolyamino) and the dangling valences being hydrogen or lower alkyl (that is, no greater than 6 carbon atoms).

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for the production of an alcohol by reacting an aldehyde or an acetal with hydrogen in the presence of carbon monoxide, and as a catalyst, an insoluble polymer containing a functional group, which may be an amine, thiol, phosphine, or arsine group, having chemically bonded thereto a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers that thicken reversibly in aqueous solution on alteration of the degree of alkalinity are manufactured by treating an aqueous suspension of protein with the enzymes elaborated extracellularly by a species of the genus Pseudomonas. The water soluble polymers resulting therefrom are biodegradable. They are useful for stabilizing emulsions, as flow-control agents in water base paint, and as anti-redeposition agents in laundry detergents. They are particularly useful as coagulants for colloidal suspensions of solids such as the phosphate slimes byproduct of the large scale hydraulic mining of phosphate deposits. They are also particularly useful as flow control agents in the water flooding process for the recovery of petroleum.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel oil composition comprising a blend of untreated low pour-point distillate oil and a higher pour-point catalytically hydrodewaxed distillate oil. The blend has an unexpectedly low pour point and cloud point. Dewaxing is effected with a ZSM-5 type catalyst.