Abstract: A compound of the general formula ##STR1## where X is CONR.sub.2 or CO.sub.2.sup.- + H.sub.2 NR.sub.2Y and Z are the same or different and selected from the group consisting of CONR.sub.2,CO.sub.2 R, OCOR, --OR, --R, --NCOR andone of Y or Z may be absent andR is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy alkyl or polyalkoxyalkyl preferably containing at least 10 carbon atoms in the main chain.

Abstract: Compositions comprising an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer, an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer, and a comb polymer improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils, especially high wax content oils.

Abstract: A corrosion protection composition comprising a thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymer, a colloidal size amorphous overbased sulphonate of an alkaline earth metal, a tackifier resin and optionally a plasticizer for the block copolymer.

Abstract: Additives suitable for improving the flow and/or depressing the cloud point of crude oils, lubricating oils and especially fuel oils are polymers containing defined alkyl groups of at least 8 carbon atoms chain length. Such polymers are either (a) of a mixture of monomers having only two alkyl groups being at least 3 carbon atoms longer than the other or (b) of a mixture of monomers having only three alkyl groups each differing by at least 3 carbon atoms and the middle alkyl group being half the combined length of the other two. Alternatively, the polymer may be derived from a monomer having the two defined alkyl groups (a) or the three defined alkyl groups (b).

Abstract: Thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl substituted diacid materials), such as thio-bis-(polyalkyl lactone acid) and/or their precursors, the adducts of sulfur chloride and unsaturated diacid materials, e.g., 4,8-bis-polyalkyl-4,8-dichloro-6-thiaundecane-1,2,10,11-tetracarboxylic acid bis-anhydride and their dehydrochlorinated analogs, when esterified with an alcohol, preferably a polyol, such as pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritol or a polyalkylene glycol with or without acid catalysts and/or metal template ragents yield thio-bis-(alkyl lactone acid esters) and thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl diacid esters) which can be characterized in part, as macrocyclic and/or macrocyclic-like structures, are useful as stable additive in lubricating compositions, e.g. as varnish inhibiting dispersants for lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: Copolymers of dialkyl fumarate and vinyl acetate having Specific Viscosities of at least 2.5 at 2% polymer concentration in xylene at 40.degree. C., and wherein at least 50 wt. % of said alkyl groups are C.sub.20 to C.sub.24, are useful as dewaxing aids, particularly in propane dewaxing.

Abstract: The use of a water-soluble hydroxyl di- or tri-carboxylic acid, generally in combination with an alkanolamine in an oil water fluid especially metal working or hydraulic fluids results in a fluid having excellent hard water compatibility, low foaming tendency in soft water and a good biostability; other additives such as emulsifiers, copper passivators and the like are generally present.

Abstract: Aqueous fluids having a good combination of anti-bacterial properties, stability in hard water, a reduced foaming tendency in soft water and at times a reduced boron content are obtained by the use as additive of a combination of a water-soluble hydroxy di- or tri- carboxylic acid an an excess of an alkanolamine, additive concentrates for incorporation into the aqueous fluids and the aqueous fluids themselves.

Abstract: The invention concerns a lubricating oil containing less than 3 wt. % of a mixture of (1) a lubricating oil pour depressant and (2) a polyoxyalkylene ester, ether, ester/ether or mixture thereof containing one or more C.sub.10 to C.sub.30 alkyl groups and polyoxyalkylene glycol group of molecular weight 100 to 5000, the alkylene group of said polyoxyalkylene glycol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The pour depressant can for example be a vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyalkylacrylate, a polyalkylmethacrylate or an esterified olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer.

Abstract: S-substituted phosphorodichloridothiolates such as S-alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, and arylphosphorodichloridothiolates are prepared by reacting a sulfuryl chloride and a mercaptan or disulfide with phosphorus trichloride and a carboxylic acid anhydride.

Abstract: The invention is directed to inorganic oxide aerogels and the method of preparing such inorganic oxide aerogels which are characterized by high surface areas and high pore volume. The preparation comprises dissolving the inorganic alkoxide or metal salt in a solvent optionally containing a catalytic amount of an acid or base and hydrolyzing to form a gelled or colloidal material which is further treated with a fluid at or above its critical temperature and pressure to extract the solvent which is then dried to remove surface water.

Abstract: A process for preparing carboxylic acid salts by the reaction of carbon monoxide with substituted or unsubstituted aromatic halides or an aliphatic organic halide. The process comprises the catalytic single phase carbonylation of the halide utilizing in addition to carbon monoxide, a palladium catalyst, an excess of tertiary phosphine, optionally an amine compound, with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base added during the reaction to form the salt.

Abstract: A process of recovering elemental phosphorus from sludge is disclosed wherein the sludge is flash evaporated utilizing a heat transfer means and then separated from the solid impurities contained therein.

Abstract: The invention is a process for recovering phosphorus value from magnesium pyrophosphate containing filter media in the wet superphosphoric acid purification process. The invention comprises treating the filter cake with a salt to remove the adhering phosphoric acid without solubilizing magnesium acid pyrophosphate. The filter cake, after phosphoric acid removal, can be utilized as commercial or technical grade magnesium acid pyrophosphate.

Abstract: This invention relates to pretreating the support material for a polymerization catalyst comprising magnesium chloride with an active hydrogen compound such as an organic acid phosphate or a phenol in order to transform substantially elemental magnesium and other impurities. The impure magnesium chloride originates as a by-product from the manufacture of magnesium alkyls by the reaction of alkyl chlorides with elemental magnesium. Succeeding steps are activating the support material with an electron donor and treating the activated product with a titanium halide. The invention also includes the novel catalytic component containing titanium halide, itself, the process for making that component, use of this catalytic system for polymerizing olefins such as propylene, and the purification step for magnesium chloride, itself.

Abstract: High yields of aromatic, aromatic acetic and olefinic acids, esters, amides and the like are derived from a process wherein a halo-hydrocarbon is carbonylated in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a hindered amine base and phosphine in excess. The hindered amine base can comprise C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 branched alkyls, cyclic compounds, or mixtures of the above. The preferred amine is N,N-diisopropylethyl amine. The preferred catalyst is PdCl.sub.2 (PPH.sub.3).sub.2 with the excess phosphine generally supplied by a compound of the formula PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are preferably phenyl.

Abstract: Filter cake waste media from a phosphoric acid purification process containing contaminating amounts of arsenic is treated in the process of this invention to remove the arsenic therefrom and to render the filter media suitable for reuse. The process of the invention comprises separating the arsenic contaminant from the filter material by treating the material with sufficient amount of a base, such as soda ash, to dissolve the contaminating arsenic compounds into solution and separating and recovering the filter media from the arsenic-containing solution. The separated arsenic can be recovered by reprecipitation utilizing an acid and a source of soluble sulfide ions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to inorganic phosphate aerogels and the method of preparing such inorganic phosphate aerogels which are characterized by high surface areas and high pore volume. The preparation comprises reacting an inorganic alkoxide or metal salt with a phosphate to form a gelled or colloidal material which is further treated with a fluid at or above its critical temperature and pressure to extract the solvent which is then dried to remove surface water.

Abstract: The invention is directed to inorganic oxide-containing aerogels and the method of preparing such oxide-containing aerogels which are characterized by high surface areas and high pore volume. The preparation comprises dissolving the inorganic alkoxide or metal salt in a solvent optionally containing a catalytic amount of an acid or base and hydrolyzing the metal compound which is then further treated with a fluid at or above its critical temperature and pressure to extract the solvent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the recovery of the heat values produced during the combustion of phosphorus to phosphorus pentoxide. The disclosed process dries ambient air to produce dry air, and combusts elemental phosphorus in said dry air in at least one fluid bed having in intimate contact therewith steam generating means containing steam generating fluid.