Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a copolymer of acrylamide and vinyl sulfonic acid or salts thereof alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a copolymer of (a) vinyl sulfonic acid alkoxylated with 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol and (b) acrylamide. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a copolymer of acrylamide and vinyl sulfonic acid or salts thereof alkoxylated with 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a copolymer of (a) vinyl sulfonic acid alkoxylated with ethylene oxide or a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and (b) acrylamide. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from subterranean formations by injecting into a hydrocarbon bearing formation via an injection well a fluid comprising water containing a small amount of a water-soluble, sulfonated, ethoxylated polyphenol, forcing the said fluid through the formation and recovering hydrocarbons through a production well. The fluids employed may, if desired, contain an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from subterranean formations by injecting into a hydrocarbon bearing formation via an injection well a fluid comprising water containing a small amount of a water-soluble, sulfated, ethoxylated polyphenol, forcing the said fluid through the formation and recovering hydrocarbons through a production well. The fluids employed may, if desired, contain an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing a modified, activated silver catalyst useful in the vapor phase epoxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen is disclosed. The improved catalyst comprises an inorganic, porous support containing metallic silver and an effective amount of a higher alkali metal promoter which have been deposited coincidentally on the support.The catalyst is prepared by impregnating a porous inorganic substrate with a solution comprising a silver compound such as a silver carboxylate, an organic amine solubilizing/reducing agent which also serves as a complexing agent for the silver compound, a perchlorate salt of a higher alkali metal, and an aqueous solvent. Optionally, the impregnating solution may contain at least one perhalogenated acid, such as perchloric acid. In a final step the impregnated support is heated at temperatures of from about 50.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. to evaporate volatiles, decompose the silver compound to metallic silver and activate the catalyst.

Abstract: The production of hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation containing acid-soluble components, such as one composed at least in part of dolomite or limestone, is stimulated by injecting into the formation usually via casing and cement pack perforations a composition comprising an aqueous solution of a mineral acid having dissolved therein a small amount of a vinylpyrrolidone terpolymer. The increase in the permeability and porosity of the formation achieved utilizing the method of invention results in a substantial improvement in hydrocarbon recovery. Optionally, the injected composition may be saturated with natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a polymer comprising repeating units of vinyl sulfonic acid alkoxylated with 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a polymer comprising repeating units of vinyl sulfonic acid alkoxylated with ethylene oxide or a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: A novel catalyst material of a boron containing substance for catalyzing the liquid phase oxidation of an olefin with an organic hydroperoxide to the corresponding oxirane is disclosed. The novel catalyst materials are characterized as binary or ternary boride compounds having the general formula M.sub.x B.sub.y or M.sub.x B.sub.y R.sub.z wherein x is an integer from 1-5; y is an integer from 1-2; z is an integer from 1-4; B is boron; M is an element selected from the groups II-A, III-B, IV-B, V-B, VI-B, VII-B, VIII, III-A, IV-A, and V-A of the Periodic Table, the rare earths, and the actinides; and R is an element different from M selected from the same group of elements in the Periodic Table as M. The preferred catalyst materials are those boron containing substances which are substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture containing the organic hydroperoxides, olefins and products.

Abstract: A novel catalyst material of a boron containing substance for catalyzing the liquid phase oxidation of an olefin with an organic hydroperoxide to the corresponding oxirane is disclosed. The novel catalyst materials are characterized as binary or ternary boride compounds having the general formula M.sub.x B.sub.y or M.sub.x B.sub.y R.sub.2 wherein x is an integer from 1-5; y is an integer from 1-2; z is an integer from 1-4; B is boron; M is an element selected from the groups II-A, III-B, IV-B, V-B, VI-B, VII-B, VIII, III-A, IV-A, and V-A of the Periodic Table, the rare earths, and the actinides; and R is an element different from M selected from the same group of elements in the Periodic Table as M. The preferred catalyst materials are those boron containing substances which are substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture containing the organic hydroperoxides, olefins and products.

Abstract: A novel catalyst material of a boron containing substance for catalyzing the liquid phase oxidation of an olefin with an organic hydroperoxide to the corresponding oxirane is disclosed. The novel catalyst materials are characterized as binary or ternary boride compounds having the general formula M.sub.x B.sub.y or M.sub.x B.sub.y R.sub.z wherein x is an integer from 1-5; y is an integer from 1-2; z is an integer from 1-4; B is boron; M is an element selected from the groups II-A, III-B, IV-B, V-B, VI-B, VII-B, VIII, III-A, IV-A, and V-A of the Periodic Table, the rare earths, and the actinides; and R is an element different from M selected from the same group of elements in the Periodic Table as M. The preferred catalyst materials are those boron containing substances which are substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture containing the organic hydroperoxides, olefins and products.

Abstract: Significant improvement in the recovery of hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing calcareous formation is accomplished by injecting into the formation via an injection well drilled into a formation communicating with an adjacent producing well and containing acid-soluble components which may or may not have water-sensitive clays and shales included therein, a composition comprising an aqueous solution of a mineral acid having dissolved therein a small amount of a vinylpyrrolidone terpolymer solution whereupon the acid solution reacts with the acid-soluble components of the formation creating passageways or enlarging existing passageways thus facilitating the flow of fluids therein and thereby increasing the recovery of hydrocarbons from the formation through the adjacent producing well. Optionally, the injected composition may be saturated with natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well which comprises injecting an aqueous solution of a vinylpyrrolidone polymer into the formation to condition the reservoir, in a first step injecting an aqueous surfactant solution into the formation and recovering hydrocarbons via the said production well. The pretreatment of the formation with the vinylpyrrolidone polymer reduces the consumption or loss of surfactant and thus improves the efficiency of the process. Optionally, after the injection of the aqueous surfactant solution an aqueous drive fluid is injected into the formation.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for the vapor phase epoxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide which includes intimately contacting an ethylene-containing feed stream with an epoxidizing amount of molecular oxygen epoxidizing agent in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a novel supported, activated silver catalyst and, preferably in the presence of an effective amount of at least one inhibitor which retards combustion of ethylene to carbon dioxide at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C.The novel silver catalyst is best described in terms of its method of preparation. The catalyst is prepared by impregnating certain inorganic porous substrates with a specific silver carboxylate/amine complex impregnating solution. The impregnated support is then heated in order to evaporate volatiles, decompose the complex and activate the catalyst.

Abstract: The production of hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation containing acid-soluble components, such as one composed at least in part of dolomite or limestone, is stimulated by injecting into the formation a composition comprising an aqueous solution of a mineral acid having dissolved therein an oxyalkylated acrylamido alkanesulfonic acid polymer. The increase in the permeability and porosity of the formation achieved utilizing the method of invention results in a substantial improvement in hydrocarbon recovery.

Abstract: A two-step method for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation in which in situ combustion is first initiated in the formation by injection of air, for example, through an injection well, the injection of air is terminated and in a final step a combustion-supporting gas such as air, air mixed with oxygen, etc. and a combustible gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof are introduced into the formation preferably through separate sets of casing perforations and finally hydrocarbons are recovered via a production well.

Abstract: A novel catalyst material of a boron containing substance for catalyzing the liquid phase oxidation of an olefin with an organic hydroperoxide to the corresponding oxirane is disclosed. The novel catalyst materials are characterized as binary or ternary boride compounds having the general formula M.sub.x B.sub.y or M.sub.x B.sub.y R.sub.z wherein x is an integer from 1-5; y is an integer from 1-2; z is an integer from 1-4; B is boron; M is an element selected from the groups II-A, III-B, IV-B, V-B, VI-B, VII-B, VIII, III-A, IV-A, and V-A of the Periodic Table, the rare earths, and the actinides; and R is an element different from M selected from the same group of elements in the Periodic Table as M. The preferred catalyst materials are those boron containing substances which are substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture containing the organic hydroperoxides, olefins and products.

Abstract: The production of hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation containing acid-soluble components, such as one containing clays or siliceous minerals as exemplified by sandstone, shale, etc. is stimulated by injecting into the formation a composition comprising an aqueous solution of a mineral acid and a fluorine-containing acid or salt and having dissolved therein an oxyalkylated acrylamido alkanesulfonic acid polymer. The indepth increase in the permeability and porosity of the formation achieved utilizing the method of invention results in a substantial improvement in hydrocarbon recovery.