Abstract: In the lyophilization of solid, liquid or pasty products the product to be lyophilized is placed in an open secondary container of flexible material which is capable of being subsequently closed and lyophilized in a lyophilization apparatus with the container kept open. On completion of lyophilization the container is closed and the closed container withdrawn from the apparatus. Preferably the container is in the form of a bag, e.g. a heat-sealable plastic bag. A lyophilization apparatus is provided with means for supporting secondary containers accommodating product to be lyophilized, means for keeping the secondary containers open during lyophilization and means for closing the containers on completion of lyophilization.

Abstract: A dispenser for razor blade cartridges of the character in which one or more blades are permanently secured in a plastic body which has a slidable interlocking connection with a razor head longitudinally of the carriage parallel to the blade cutting edges, the dispenser comprising a cellular arrangement of plastic wall sections forming a plurality of parallel cells connected together as an integral unit each cell having a longitudinal slot at the exterior surface of the unit to receive the razor handle stem, the cells having common walls interiorly of the unit and each cell having interiorly of the cell lug arrangements to prevent accidental escape of the cartridge but cooperative with parts of the razor head and cartridge parts to aid in the insertion and withdrawal of a cartridge.

Abstract: Strain gages are applied to opposite sides of the cantilever beam member of a short tongue in such locations that the strain gages exhibit stress changes of opposite sense on movement of the short tongue compression foot occasioned by a change in tobacco rod firmness. An existing short tongue is modified by provision of a reduced section in its cantilever beam for amplifying the signal output of a strain gage supported therein. Plural pairs of strain gages may be employed for further amplification of the signal indicating compression foot movement.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for knitting socks by means of a circular knitting machine in which the socks are knitted in a continuous string wherein a few courses are knitted with a soluble yarn between the toe portion of each sock and the welt portion of each subsequent sock, during which the string of socks is drawn rotatingly in downward direction out of the knitting cylinder, with the string of socks being passed from the circular knitting machine directly into a liquid flow wherein the soluble yarn with which the successive socks in the string are interconnected dissolves.

Abstract: Containers having enhanced emptying capability include a filling/emptying opening disposed closely adjacent the container sidewall and extending through integral top closure structure. The container sidewall has a portion contiguous with the filling/emptying opening which extends therefrom without radial step discontinuity, thus avoiding well formation adjacent the opening.

Abstract: A cheese food product is provided in concrete, chunky form particularly useful in salad dressings or as a garnish. The production of the present products may be performed by heating an admixture comprising natural cheese, Xanthomonas colloid, locust bean gum and casein or an edible caseinate salt, followed by chilling--to induce the formation of a gel matrix--and comminuting the solid product, as required, to appropriately sized granules.

Abstract: The tire chock of the subject application is comprised of a wedge element and a frame. The wedge element prevents rolling of the tire in the direction of the chock and the frame element secures the wedge element to the tire to prevent the wedge from moving away from the tire and to prevent rotation of the tire with respect to the wedge.

Abstract: A process is disclosed wherein the decaffeination of aqueous extracts of vegetable material with non-ionic, hydrophobic resin may be performed in a continuous manner. In accordance therewith, extract is contacted with resin to effect decaffeination, exhausted resin containing adherent caffeine and non-caffeine water solubles is bleached with water to remove the caffeine, the caffeine-free resin is then washed with a solution comprising water and an organic solvent to elute non-caffeine water solubles and then the resin is rinsed with water to permit its reuse in the further decaffeination of vegetable material extracts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically measuring the distribution of reflectance of coals is given, which comprises the steps of vertically projecting light to samples of coals on a movable stage, allowing a photodetector to receive said light through a microscope as the stage moves, thereby measuring the reflectance of the samples at a great number of points to obtain the distribution of reflectance, and determining the property of the coals from this distribution of reflectance.

Abstract: Tape sealing machine elevator head control equipment which avoids tipping up a loaded and tape-sealed carton as it is being advanced to the machine discharge end for withdrawal of its trailing end from beneath lowered and loading elevator head bearing down on this carton during the application of tape thereto. Powered means is provided to raise and lower the elevator head and to dictate the loading thereof down on the carton top as the carton is being advanced through the machine. There is also provided control means responsive to the forwardly traveling carton in the vicinity of the machine discharge end section to activate the powered means for raising the elevator head up from the carton top for a relatively short period of time sufficient to relieve the carton back end of the load of the head as this carton back end is withdrawn from therebeneath.

Abstract: In an automatic carton closing machine means to support temporarily from below down-folded lateral top side flaps of each carton as it travels through forward machine section and its folded top flaps are there being anchored. Raisable and lowerable elevating head carries downwardly infolding top flaps folding means to fold top end flaps inward toward each other with this head at the carton top and then top side flaps downward thereover as carton advances to pass through forward flap anchorage equipment with the forward head section carrying some of this anchorage equipment. Such head-supported anchorage equipment includes elongated, relatively stiff plate structure which extends laterally along the carton path approximately at the elevation of the carton top so that as such side flaps are folded down and inward above the infolded top end flaps they are lapped over this plate structure as supporting means therebelow while thereafter permitting the carton to advance with slide out of this plate structure.

Abstract: Method for coating a continuous moving strip of material with a liquid coating material such as a plastic or polymer material is disclosed and in which the moving strip to be coated is directed in contacting engagement with a curved peripheral surface on a fixed coating head disposed transverse to the direction of strip travel, with the coating material being supplied through a central passage in the coating head and outletting through a radial passage formed in one or more lands in the coating head, which lands are girded on opposite sides by grooves. The coating head is fixed such that the outlets in the lands desirably are located adjacent the point of last contact of the moving strip with the coating head so that a meniscus of material is established at said location and is in contact with both the land surface and strip to permit pickup of the coating material by the strip.

Abstract: Electrodes containing zinc active material include a cadmium additive enhancing adherence of the electrode for zinc electroreduced from the solid zinc compound state or deposited thereon from electrolytes. Zinc alkaline batteries employing such electrodes exhibit extended discharge-recharge cycling capacity.

Abstract: A method of enlarging width of a cast piece during continuous casting. It comprises stopping pouring a molten steel into a mold during continuous casting, positioning a supporting plate at the bottom of the mold without lowering the surface of the bath, moving a short wall of the mold, placing a cooling agent on the supporting plate inside the mold, pouring the molten steel into the mold to obtain a cast piece, and thereafter removing the supporting plate to withdraw the cast piece. An apparatus for placing the supporting plate such that it can move back and fore freely on the bottom of the moving short wall of the mold is provided. In order to smooth the movement of the short wall of the mold, a lubricating agent may be placed at a portion where the long walls contact short wall of the mold, or holes or grooves for supplying lubricating agent may be provided on both ends of the short wall of the mold.

Abstract: A water-dispersible composition is disclosed. This composition contains co-agglomerates of finely-divided particles of a normally non-dispersible material and a silicon dioxide flow agent having a thin coating of edible fat. The composition may optionally include flavorants and other additives.

Abstract: An extrusion nozzle, especially suitable for texturing proteinaceous materials, comprising an elongate body having a side wall defining an axial passage, at one extremity of the body the side wall having longitudinal slits defining at least two fins the free ends of which are turned inwardly towards the longitudinal axis of the passage. Other features of the invention are described in the following specification.

Abstract: The temperature of the plasticizer material which is applied to a tow band of filter material in a cigarette rod forming operation is maintained at substantially the ambient temperature of the environment in which the forming operation is being carried out thereby to provide substantially constant viscosity of the plasticizer, the temperature being maintained by circulating a cooling fluid through the plasticizer source to maintain it at a temperature of about 70.degree. F. to about 80.degree. F. Apparatus for maintaining the source temperature in the prescribed range also is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for isolating a protein fraction from an aqueous solution or suspension containing the said fraction in admixture with other substances, which comprises subjecting the aqueous solution or suspension to ultrafiltration to obtain a retentate, diluting the retentate, subjecting the diluted retentate to at least one further ultrafiltration treatment and recovering a retentate containing the protein fraction.

Abstract: A steel sheet, especially a thin one, can be manufactured from a hot rolled coil through heat treating steps by means of positively applying stress to the material. The product has excellent shape and mechanical properties such as drawability and toughness.

Abstract: Apparatus for feeding low density particulate material into spaces between filter plugs secured spacedly to filter wrap provides for fluidizing the material and transferring the fluidized material by suction into such spaces. The filter plugs and wrap are conveyed through a passage whose sidewall preferably is provided in part by an elongate generally continuous concave surface of a unitary housing having conduits extending therethrough from longitudinally spaced openings in the concave surface.