Abstract: A well-defined buried layer is developed in a body of semiconductor material such as a wafer at high throughput and without developing non-annullable crystal lattice defects at a surface of the body of semiconductor material using a broad, substantially uniform ion beam, preferably provided by an electron-cyclotron resonance or bucket or multi-pole plasma source, which is allowed to produce ionization only when a stable acceleration voltage is present to provide a narrow spread of ion energies. High purity of ion population in the ion beam is provided by employing a high level of vacuum (e.g. fractions of a microTorr) in the implantation vessel or ion source and introducing ionizable material in substantially pure form. Thus mass analysis of the beam is unnecessary for implantation of only a desired ion species. A magnetic filter may be employed to adjust relative populations of ion species. Arc breakdown can be avoided by increasing the length of the ion beam extraction column so that the.

Abstract: A camshaft used in an internal combustion engine which has reduced weight and added wear resistance at a lobe of the camshaft. The camshaft is provided to add increased wear resistance and reduced weight to the internal combustion engine for increased efficiency of the internal combustion engine. The camshaft includes wear resistant material at the surface of the lobe of the camshaft. The wear resistant material is distributed on the outer surface of the lobe and incorporated into the base material.

Abstract: A notched gate MOS device includes either an encapsulated low dielectric material or encapsulated air or a vacuum at the bottom of a notched gate. Due to the low dielectric constant at the site of interface between the gate and the source/drain, the capacitance loss at that site is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A power supply device of the present invention includes an electric double layer capacitor connected to, e.g., an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) drive, floppy disk drive or similar motor-driven equipment, and another electric double layer capacitor connected to, e.g., a pulse generating device included in a radio transmitter. The capacitors each feed power when the load of the associated equipment sharply varies during operation of the equipment. This makes it needless for a main power supply to feed such power. A laminate polymer battery is connected to a low voltage IC (Integrated Circuit) and feeds power thereto. This also makes it needless for the main power to feed power to the low voltage IC, and allows a short feed line to connect the laminate polymer battery and IC. The short feed line reduces the transfer of noise to the IC and therefore malfunction ascribable to noise.

Abstract: A statistical modeling paradigm for automatic machine recognition of speech uses mixtures of nongaussion statistical probability densities which provides improved recognition accuracy. Speech is modeled by building probability densities from functions of the form exp(−t&agr;/2) for t≧0 and &agr;>0. Mixture components are constructed from different univariate functions. The mixture model is used in a maximum likelihood model of speech data.

Abstract: A method of self-programmable Built In Self Test (BIST) for a memory (e.g., Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)). The DRAM, which may be a DRAM chip, includes a DRAM core, a Microcode or Initial Command ROM, a BIST Engine, a Command Register and a Self-Program Circuit. During self test, the BIST engine may test the DRAM normally until an error is encountered. When an error is encountered, the Self-Program Circuit restarts the self test procedure at less stringent conditions. Optionally, when the DRAM tests error-free, the Self-Program Circuit may restart testing at more stringent conditions to determine DRAM functionality limits.

Abstract: A signal light monitor having a first optical branching coupler disposed in an optical fiber transmission line for branching a part of an inputted signal light and outputting a first branched light, a first wavelength tunable filter for transmitting a first particular wavelength component included in the first branched light and outputting a transmitted light and a first sweeper for sweeping a transmission center wavelength of the first wavelength tunable filter within a range of the first particular wavelength component. The transmitted light outputted from the wavelength tunable filter is received by a first optical receiver and converted into an electric signal and sampled by a first sampling device. The first sampling data is stored in a first storage device. A waveform of electric signal from optical receiver is stored in the first storage device as a series of data.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the aluminum interconnect properties in very fine metalization patterns interconnecting integrated circuits that improves the texture and electromigration resistance of aluminum in thin films. Enhanced performance can be obtained by forming a smooth oxide layer in situ, or by surface conditioning a previously formed oxide layer in an appropriate manner to provide the requisite surface smoothness, then by refining the aluminum microstructure by hot deposition or ex-situ heat treatment.

Abstract: The antitope of an antibody is masked with a masking agent, followed by immobilization on a support. The masking agent is then eluted to produce an improved immunosorbent, which is capable of binding more than double the amount of an antigen than existing immunosorbents having the same antibody bound at the same density. Preferably, the masking agent is an antigen or other compound having an epitope for which the antitope of the bound antibody has an avidity. In a preferred embodiment, greater than 30% of the bound antibodies maintain the same vicinity as when unbound for specific antigen or hapten molecules. Preferably, the support is formed of any conventional immunosorbent support material which allows the bound and unbound antibody to maintain an avidity for the same compounds or antigens.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus to descreen a halftoned picture takes into account the actual distribution of black or colors on the print without the need for scanning printed images but, rather, using only the printing decision matrix and the printer characteristics. For the purpose of laser printing, or more generally for reproduction on any printing device with a limited number of printing levels, a color or grayscale image has to be transformed into an array of printing decisions at each pixel of the output image. Sometimes this array is the only available representation of the original image. One may desire to reconstitute a good approximation of the original grayscale image from this array, for instance to print the picture on a printer with different characteristics from the printer for which the array was originally prepared, or to display it on a high resolution monitor. The method and apparatus to solve this problem in a way which take precise account of printer characteristics is described.

Abstract: Effective use of optimizing techniques during compilation is difficult in programs that make liberal use of pointers or indirect function calls. The indirection often means that the compiler cannot precisely determine the set of objects pointed to by a pointer at a specific location in the program, and therefore cannot efficiently eliminate pointer redundancies in the code. The present invention provides an optimising method that reduces the size of alias sets associated with program pointers. During an initial compilation phase, intraprocedural information about pointer variables referenced in each function of the program is gathered and saved in a data structure called the pointer alias graph.

Abstract: A temperature IC is mounted to a card mounted within an electronic apparatus for monitoring airflow rate around the card to provide an alarm signal. The temperature IC includes a first IC including a temperature sensor and a second IC disposed downstream of the first IC. The second IC includes a temperature sensor and a resistor as a heating element. The second IC includes a first arithmetic unit that forms the difference in temperature out of two inputs of the temperature sensors, and a second arithmetic unit that determines thermal resistance of the second IC out of the difference in temperature and the quantity of heat released from the resistor. A memory stores date indicative of a relation between values of airflow rate and values of thermal resistance. A third arithmetic unit is provided to refer the stored data using the determined thermal resistance to find airflow rate.

Abstract: An active collaboration technology in an open architectural framework that delivers information and decision support tools in a timely, contextual and role sensitive manner to present a collaborative dynamic decision making capability to a community of role players within a supply chain process. Such a comprehensive collaborative dynamic decision making capability is made possible through the integration of the business process, the organization of role players and relevant business applications.

Abstract: .alpha..sub.1 -antitrypsin and peptide fragments and derivatives thereof are used to upregulate low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol receptor levels in the liver, and this results in a decrease in circulating LDL cholesterol levels in the patient's circulatory system. In particular, the fragments are:Leu-Phe-Met-Gly-Lys-Val-Val-Asn (SEQ ID NO:16) - Phe-Met-Gly-Lys-Val-Val-Asn (SEQ ID NO:17).

Abstract: A slow motion replay system comprises a data transmitting section which adds null data to picture data at every predetermined unit to make transmission data which has N (N.gtoreq.2, N: integer) times length of the picture data. A decoding section receives the transmission data and picks out the picture data from the transmitting data to decode the picture data into decoded data. The decoding section supplies the decoded data to a display N times for every frame. The display displays each frame N times.

Abstract: Solder is deposited on chip elements or other potentially irregular surfaces by applying solder paste to a thin porous sheet such as cotton twill cloth so that the solder paste fills open areas therein. The solder volume is thus regulated by the texture and structure of the porous sheet. The porous sheet is then placed in compression against the surface to which solder is to be applied and the solder in the solder paste reflowed in an oven, preferably including a nitrogen atmosphere. At the same time, excess flux is absorbed by the porous sheet to facilitate subsequent cleaning while the reflow of solder is accurately and repeatably controlled. The process and resulting structure are particularly appropriate to the manufacture of discrete electronic devices which include an array of chip components such as capacitor chips sandwiched between plate structures. The process and structure also provides highly repeatable, high quality solder connections between curved surfaces.

Abstract: An arrangement for emulating printer responses to combinations of applications, control commands and printers stores bit maps of characters which may be produced by a variety of printers connected to the system. Bit maps corresponding to characters within a text string, indicated by a cursor position within a text file are retrieved in accordance with a printer selection, a character code and a table address. The table address is retrieved from memory in response to a selected application profile and one or more selected commands. The printer response is produced in a window of the display as a sequential series of sub-windows corresponding to characters of the text string; each sub-window having a width corresponding to the width of each character image. The display also includes a plurality of menus for facilitating operator selection of a combination of application profiles, commands and printers to be emulated.

Abstract: A field effect transistor (FET) device, which mitigates leakage current induced along the edges of the FET device, is isolated by shallow trench isolation having a channel width between a first and a second shallow trench at a first and second shallow trench edges. A gate extends across the channel width between the first and second shallow trenches. The gate has a first length at the shallow trench edges and a second length less than the first length between the shallow trench edges. The first length and the second length are related such that the threshold voltage, V.sub.t, at the shallow trench edges is substantially equal to V.sub.t between the shallow trench edges. The gate structure of the FET device is produced using a unique phase shift mask that allows the manufacture of submicron FET devices with very small channel lengths.

Abstract: A computer implemented process is provided for fast and accurate evaluation of the performance characteristics of the periodic-review (s,S) inventory policy with complete back ordering. This policy has an underlying stochastic process that is a renewal process. The method provides a novel computer implementation of a fast and accurate way to compute approximations of the renewal function. In order to overcome the computational problems in evaluating renewal functions numerically, an approximation scheme has been devised whereby the renewal function of the truncated normal distribution can be characterized by two parameters: (1) its coefficient of variation, and (2) the point at which the function needs to be evaluated. This approximation is derived in two stages. In the first stage, a class of rational polynomial approximations are developed to the renewal function, called Pade approximants.