Abstract: The dopant concentration of a semiconductor wafer is determined using a contactless technique. First, a temporary P-N junction is formed in the surface of the semiconductor wafer using corona discharge. Then, the area of the junction is measured, and the depletion region is deepened, again by corona discharge. The depletion region is collapsed using light, and as the depletion region collapses, the surface potential is measured as a function of time. The charge which drains as the depletion layer collapses is directly proportional to the change in time. Since the total charge is known from the original corona discharge used to establish the depletion layer, as are the unit area and the surface voltage, the dopant profile is directly calculatable as a function of the surface voltage and the charge per unit area.

Abstract: Reaction products of organosilane compounds and a novolac resin having phenolic groups are capable of generating either positive or negative tone patterns depending on the time and temperature of processing.

Abstract: A cursor control assembly in which an electrically conducting movable control element (e.g., a ball or roller) is electrically coupled to an electrically conducting housing so that the combination of the movable control element and the housing provides a conductive enclosure for the cursor control assembly electronic components and transducers.

Abstract: A mechanism using CH.sub.Loc (change-local) type information is used for data prefetch (D-prefetch) decision making. This information is stored in history tables H, there being one such table for each central processor (CP) at, for example, the buffer control element (BCE). For each line L, H[L] indicates the information for L in H. Two different types of histories may be kept at H:(1) Cross-interrogate (XI)-invalidates--At each H[L], there is recorded whether L was XI-invalidated without refetching.(2) CH.sub.Loc --At each H[L], there is also recorded local-change history, i.e., whether L was stored into since the last fetch.It is also possible to keep a global H at the storage control element (SCE). In this case, the SCE maintains a table I recording, for each line L, information I[L] recording whether L involved XI-invalidates during the last accesses by a CP. Upon a cache miss to L from a processor CP.sub.i, the SCE prefetches some of those lines that involved XI-invalidates (indicated by I) into cache C.

Abstract: A CSMA type transmission system for transmitting digital data among a data processing unit and a number of units connected to a bus, each of the units including a storage for storing an own inherent address data, a group address data common to a plurality of data collecting units and a data-bit position data designated inherently to the units belonging to the same group; an address comparator for comparing a master address or a slave address in a transmission frame on the bus with the group address data; a bit position comparator for counting a synchronous signal at a data portion in the transmission frame and comparing the synchronous signal with the data-bit position data; and a data transmitter for transmitting data synchronously with the synchronous signal at the own inherent bit position in the transmission frame when the master address or the slave address coincides with the contents of the own group address data.

Abstract: A temperature compensated oscillator and a temperature detector have a temperature sensor having a single case in which a pair of AT cut crystal resonator having substantially the same natural oscillation frequency and different cut angles from each other are accommodated. The crystal resonators each constitutes the resonance circuit of respective one of two oscillation circuits. A difference in frequency between the output frequencies of the oscillation circuits is representative of a detected temperature.

Abstract: In a private network where PBXs (1, 2) are connected through a primary rate interface (47, 48) to an ISDN network (45), one of the PBXs has routing data for virtual tie trunks for signaling and speech transmission, respectively, to be established via the ISDN to a distant PBX (2), and channel status data indicating their set-up or clear-down state according to time of day and calendar day. The stored data is periodically accessed, and depending on the contents of the channel status data, a call setup or clearing message is sent from the PBX (1) to the ISDN to set-up or clear-down the virtual tie trunks. On receipt of a response from the distant PBX, busy/idle status of the virtual tie trunks is changed according to the accessed channel status data. In response to a request from a user station, a path is established therefrom to the virtual speech tie trunk and a call setup message is sent direct to the distant PBX through the virtual signaling tie trunk.

Abstract: A pupil function analyzer has three major subsystems; an electro-optical system, an electronic interface system and a computer/software system. The electro-optical system can, in turn, be described in terms of three subsystems; one that delivers controlled lights to the patient's eyes, another that forms images of the two pupils on a video camera, and a third that moves the optics to maintain alignment with the patient's eyes. The electronic interface system converts signals from the video camera into digital signals to be read by the computer and also responds to the computer to move motors for the maintenance of optical alignment and also operates the light stimuli. The computer/software saves and analyzes the signals sent by the electronic interface, controls the alignment motors, and provides an operator interface, so that the operator can select tests and examine the results.

Abstract: A tightly coupled multi-processor (MP) system is provided with large granularity locking of exclusivity in multi-processor caches. The unique access right for a processor P.sub.i is enforced by giving other central processors (CPs) a temporarily invalid (TI) state on block B, even though some lines in the block B may still be resident in the cache. Any CP trying to access a block in the TI state will need to talk to the storage control element (SCE) to obtain proper authorization (e.g., RO or EX state) on the block. Assuming that a CP may have three states on a block B, temporarily invalid TI.sub.B, read only RO.sub.B and exclusive EX.sub.B, TI.sub.B is the initial state for all B at all CPs.

Abstract: In a multi-level wiring structure wires and vias are formed by an isotropic deposition of a conductive material, such as copper, on a dielectric base, such as a polyimide. In a preferred embodiment of the invention copper is electroplated to a thin seed conducting layer deposited on the surface of the dielectric base in which via openings have been formed. Openings in a resist formed on the surface of the dielectric base over the seed layer forms a pattern defining the wiring and via conductor features. Electroplated copper fills the via openings and wire pattern openings in the resist isotropically so that the upper surfaces of the wiring and vias are co-planar when the plating step is complete. In adding subsequent wiring levels, the resist is removed and the via conductor and wiring pattern covered with another dielectric layer which both encapsulates the conductors of the previous layer and serves as the base for the next level which is formed in the same manner as the previous level.

Abstract: A frusto-conical lantern reflector comprised of two semicircular, flat sheets made of a resilient material, each with at least one surface that reflects light. Each generally semicircular sheet has a semicircular cut-out that forms an opening in the top of the assembled reflector. Fasteners are located on either side of the cut-away semicircular portion; the fasteners on one sheet are disposed to releasably mate with the fasteners on the other sheet so that when the sheets are deflected and the fasteners on the one sheet are aligned with the fasteners on the second sheet, the two sheets together form a frusto-conical reflector.

Abstract: Two-mode, elliptical-core optic fibers with a permanent photo-induced index change are used as sensors with sensitivity varying as a function of length. The optic fiber sensors act as vibrational-mode filters thereby performing initial signal processing of the sensor signal. The sensors are based on photo-induced refractive index changes. These refractive index changes affect the differential phase modulation between the LP.sub.01 and the LP.sub.11.sup.even modes. The change in beat-length is dependent on the amount of strain induced in the fiber while the grating is being formed. The pattern is thus varied along the length of the fiber by straining the fiber in a specific fashion while the grating is being written. This changes the sensitivity, of the sensor along its length. By choosing an appropriate weighting function in the manufacture of the sensor, it is possible to implement vibrational-mode analysis, vibrational-mode filtering and other functions that are critical in control system applications.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck for semiconductor wafers comprised of a multilayered ceramic, including a back-side-metal layer pattern adjacent the upper wafer receiving surface for generating an electrostatic force. Intermediate via layers connect the pattern to a back-side-metal layer at the bottom of the chuck to which power leads can be connected. A number of small passages, extending from the bottom of the chuck to its upper surface, allow helium heat transfer without the need for surface grooves.

Abstract: The compression elastic modulus of a blood sample is determined by compressing a blood sample (12) between plates (14 and 16) and comparing the voltage signal (32) output from the transducer (22) with a displacement calibration constant C.sub.d. The compression elastic modulus is determined on the same sample as the platelet mediated force development.

Abstract: In the fabrication of a circuit device including a substrate for providing connections between connection pins to be bonded to I/O pads on one side of the substrate and chips to be bonded to pads on the other side of the substrate, bonding is achieved simultaneously on both sides of the substrate by using a pin holder on an upper side of the substrate and using the surface tension of a flux to adhere and finely position the chips on the lower side of the substrate. The same or a modified technique may be used for the replacement of chips during repair of the circuit device. Repair of damaged or defective pin bonds yields a bond which is structurally and electrically improved in comparison with the originally formed bond.

Abstract: An on-chip thermal shutdown circuit senses the average junction temperature of an integrated circuit device. The on-chip circuit generates a signal when the junction temperature exceeds a preset limit. This signal may then be used to control other circuitry such that the electrical shutdown of the integrated circuit device is enabled under conditions of excessive device temperature. In this manner, catastrophic device damage can be avoided and the host system can be notified of the existence of a fault condition.

Abstract: On-chip circuitry facilitates fuse testing in customized integrated circuits. The circuitry has specific application in testing fuse redundancy high end memories. A latch assisted fuse testing (LAFT) methodology employs an on-chip latch stack which can be used in place of the fuses. The latches in the stack are programmable and can perform the same function as the fuses during chip operation. This allows testing or experimentation to be performed nondestructively, without blowing any fuses. In one particular application of the invention, memory arrays with redundant blocks on a chip are provided with the on-chip latch stack. After the tests based on previously generated error data are performed using the latch stack, fuses are blown to repair the memory array by replacing defective memory blocks with redundant blocks.

Abstract: An ion beam deposition system in which ions of different masses and from different sources are independently steered into different parts of an analyzer magnet to be converged into a single wide beam which maintains a perpendicular relationship between the beam and the target. The beam is decelerated by a slit type deceleration lens to an energy suitable for deposition. The target is then scanned across the decelerated beam. The beam is maintained at high current and low pressure by confining electrons away from the magnet and/or adding energy to the low pressure atmosphere inside the analyzer magnet to produce a plasma of electrons and charged particles in order to provide adequate neutralizing of the space charge of the beam.

Abstract: A set of hypermedia linking services enable client applications to incorporate hypermedia capabilities in an open system architecture. The users are provided with a consistent hypermedia interface completely managed by the hypermedia services and not by the client application itself. The graphical user interface includes methods for menu handling, dialog box presentation and pointing device message handling, e.g., mouse message handling. Normal hypermedia activities such as object management, object creation, object deletion and object modification is provided.