Abstract: A skinning knife, comprising a handle, a slitting blade disposed at a forward portion of the handle and having an upwardly- and forwardly-directed cutting edge, a first spreading member disposed at the forward most position of the knife so as to spread apart two portions of animal hide that have been separated by the slitting blade, and a retractable punch blade disposed in the handle beneath slitting blade for opening a hole in the hide, the first spreading member having a slot therein for receiving the punch blade. A punch blade actuation mechanism is provided for moving the punch blade through the slot in the first spreading member. Preferably, a second spreading member disposed below and forward of the first spreading member is provided for facilitating entry into a small slit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying tissue structures in advance of a mechanical medical instrument during a medical procedure. A mechanical tissue penetrating medical instrument (22) has a distal end for penetrating tissue in a penetrating direction. An optical wavefront analysis system (32-50) provides light to illuminate tissue ahead of the medical instrument and receives light returned by tissue ahead of the medical instrument. An optical fiber (30) is coupled at a proximal end to the wavefront analysis system and attached at a distal end to the medical instrument proximate the distal end of the medical instrument. The distal end of the fiber has an illumination pattern directed substantially in the penetrating direction for illuminating the tissue ahead of the medical instrument and receiving light returned therefrom. The wavefront analysis system provides information about the distance from the distal end of the medical instrument to tissue features ahead of the medical instrument.

Abstract: A single-axis illumination system for a multiple-axis imaging system, particularly an array microscope. A single-axis illumination system is used to trans-illuminate an object viewed with an array of imaging elements having multiple respective axes. The numerical apertures of the imaging elements are preferably matched to the numerical aperture of the illumination system. For Kohler illumination, the light source is placed effectively at the front focal plane of the illumination system. For critical illumination, the light source is effectively imaged onto the object plane of the imaging system. For dark field illumination, an annular light source is effectively provided. For phase contrast microscopy, an annular phase mask is placed effectively at the back focal plane of the objective lens of the imaging system and a corresponding annular amplitude mask is provided effectively at the light source.

Abstract: In the process of converting an interferogram phase map to a surface profile, in the absence of tilt, a histogram of occurrences of phase values is created from phase data. Useful data are identified in bins with contents that exceed a threshold value. Where useful data wrap around the end of the histogram, a selected amount of phase shift is added to the phase data to move them all within the ends of the histogram. Where tilt is present, the phase data are differentiated to produce slope data and a histogram of occurrences of slope values is created. A best-fit amount of tilt is determined from the slope histogram by selecting the bin at the average between two points on the histogram curve that are a predetermined percentage of the maximum height of the curve. Thereafter, the best-fit tilt is subtracted from the original phase data to eliminate tilt.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pasteurizing comminuted wood. A housing is substantially sealed over the hatch of a ship's cargo hold before it is opened. The hold contains comminuted wood for transport, which are typically contaminated with pathogens that it is desired to destroy. Hot water is provided to combine with the comminuted wood to form a slurry. The slurry is pumped to a pasteurization vessel where it is held for a predetermined pasteurization temperature and time. Subsequent to the predetermined pasteurization time, the slurry exits the pasteurization vessel and the water is reclaimed from the wood chips. The reclaimed water is preferentially reused to slurry more chips. The method and apparatus preferably include employing an air removal and cleaning system which maintains the environment within the cargo hold at conditions tolerable for a worker to work therein, the air removal and cleaning system purifying the air obtained therefrom before exhausting it into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing electronic circuitry and the resulting hardware is described in which a conduction plate is formed achieving separate electrical conducting paths for application specific signals is engaged with an electronic circuit package containing a wide range of elements including one or more integrated circuits, chip packages, multichip modules printed circuit boards and cables. One or more of these elements are assembled into the circuit package where all or a major portion of the element conductors are routed to terminals positioned for electrical connection between the circuit apparatus and the electrical conduction plate. The conduction plate completes the electrical interconnection of the circuit package by providing the application specific conduction paths, using various techniques for creating electrical conduction, such as severing segments of a generalized conductive grid to establish desired conduction paths.

Abstract: A dynamic diffractive optical transform. An electric field pattern is created across a body of material, the material being characterized in that it has an optical transmission property which varies in response to of an electric potential applied across a portion thereof. The electric field pattern is created such that the resulting profile of the transmission property is an arbitrary shape which produces a desired diffraction pattern that may not be physically realizable in conventional refractive optics or is a Fresnel lens-like construct derived from a refractive optical element. This is done by selectively applying electric potentials to transparent electrode pairs having liquid crystal material therebetween and preferably relatively small proportions in relation to the relevant wavelength of light, so as to create variations in phase delay that are aperiodic, have other than fifty percent spatial duty factor or have multiple levels of phase delay.

Abstract: An overlay dual balloon catheter. Two balloons composed of differing materials are employed, the balloons being disposed so as to overlap one another but not being bonded to one another, so that adjacent surfaces of the two balloons are permitted to move relative to one another, to provide improved surface and structural characteristics in a balloon unit. Preferably, an outer balloon, disposed on the exterior of the catheter is composed of latex, silicone, or a thermoplastic elastomer while an inner balloon, disposed underneath the first balloon is composed of a material employed in existing angioplasty balloons such as polyester or polyurethane. The overlay dual balloon catheter may be used in angioplasty, embolectomy and thrombectomy.

Abstract: A method and device for magnetizing a tool bit. A housing is adapted for removably fitting around a magnetically attractive tool bit, and a plurality of magnets are disposed in the housing and adapted for making contact with the surface of the bit, to strengthen the magnetic coupling of the magnets to the bit. The device preferably remains on the bit while employing the bit, and is especially adapted for high speed use.

Abstract: A laterally articulable blade for a bulldozing device. A main blade portion and an articulable blade portion extend along the same elongate axis so that the blade portions are co-linear when the blade is in a "straight" configuration. A hinge is pivotally connected to both blade portions and extensible means are provided to displace and pivot the articulable blade portion with respect to the main blade portion providing for two motions. The articulable blade portion may be displaced forwardly of the main blade portion, and the rotated inwardly.

Abstract: A height adjustable bed and storage unit for small living quarters in which substantially vertical posts are fixedly attached to the floor and ceiling of the living quarters. Each post includes a mating structure for mating to a cross-member at a plurality of vertical positions, the cross-member being utilized for holding a platform substantially horizontally. The cross-member is releasable from the mating structure without the use of tools.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a temperature stable frequency at reduced cost. Advantage is taken of an existing, relatively temperature insensitive, low frequency and low cost watch crystal and an existing, high frequency, low cost, but relatively temperature sensitive system clock. A calibration module coupled to the watch crystal and clock calibrates the watch crystal to a reference frequency at a reference temperature and calibrates the clock to the watch crystal at an operating temperature, to relate the clock frequency to the reference frequency at any operating temperature and thereby provide a high precision, relatively temperature insensitive time or frequency base at low cost.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fast response and distortion measurement of a signal transfer device. A computer processor generates a multitone test signal of predetermined duration and stores it in a memory. The test signal is read out, converted to analog form, if necessary, and applied to the input of a device under test. The output produced by the device under test in response to the test signal is acquired and digitized, if necessary, and a Fast Fourier Transform is performed on the acquired data to determine its spectral characteristics. Frequency response, harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion, phase distortion, wow and flutter and other signal transfer characteristics are measured by the CPU by analysis of the output signal.

Abstract: A digital electronic system architecture having one or more system components and a memory coupled to selected system components, the memory selectively storing and communicating data among the coupled components. The digital electronic system preferably also has a transaction control bus, coupled to each of the selected system components and to the memory, for communicating command and control signals among the components and memory. A memory circuit is provided that has a plurality of ports, each of the ports (i) having an input terminal and an output terminal that transfer data independently of one another, (ii) operating independently of one another and (iii) being coupled respectively to one of the other system components for data communication therewith.

Abstract: A weighing vibratory apparatus and method. In one embodiment, an infeed vibratory conveyor element feeds a bulk product to a weighing vibratory conveyor element. In another embodiment, bulk product is fed directly to a weighing vibratory conveyor element and flow rate is determined by measuring the loss of weight therefrom. The weighing vibratory conveyor element includes a weight measuring apparatus that weighs the product at the same time that the product is being dispensed through vibrations. The weight measuring apparatus may be coupled to the vibratory conveyor element through damping mechanisms. An electrical signal output of the weight measuring apparatus may be low-pass filtered to provide an improved signal for feeding to a controller for controlling the flow rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for carrying and supporting a portable bench top saw wherein the saw has a body housing a saw blade, the body being generally adapted for four-corner screw attachment downwardly into a table, the apparatus comprising a carrying frame having a transversely adjustable member for receiving a screw for attachment to the saw body in a multitude of transverse locations required thereby. Preferably, the saw also includes an attachable table assembly supported with a downwardly projecting table leg and, preferably, the carrying frame includes a transversely positionable leg receiving member, for receiving the table leg at any of a multitude of transverse locations required thereby.

Abstract: An integrated digital processing device and method for examining the operation thereof. An integrated multiple digital processing device has externally-accessible tag connections which provide signals representative of what circuit has access to external memory used by the processing device. The processing device includes a plurality of digital processor circuits, a DRAM refresh logic circuit, externally-accessible connections for receiving memory access signals from an external processor, and an arbitration circuit for determining which of the digital processor circuits, refresh logic circuit or external processor may have access to the external memory. The signals on the tag connections are provided by the arbitration circuit, and indicate which of the aforementioned circuits has access to the external memory at any moment.

Abstract: A portable light lamp having multiple brightness providing predominantly directed light projection. The portable light employs a light source and a light source housing, the light source housing having a directed light port disposed to project light from the light source therethrough in a selected direction at a first brightness and at least one filtered light port to project light from the light source therethrough in another direction at a second brightness which is diminished from the first brightness. One or more magnets are secured to the side of the light source housing to attach the portable light to magnetic material.

Abstract: A carrying device for electroplating and method for improving the delivery of current therein. The carrying device comprises a core of a high conductivity material and a cladding shrunk around and sealing the core, the cladding having a second, moderate conductivity material which, however, has a high resistance to acidic corrosion. The device further comprises a plurality of electrically conductive clamping members of the second material for clamping an article to be electroplated and for delivering current thereto. Current flow to the clamping members is improved by respective pins consisting essentially of the second material, the pins being forced into respective undersized apertures provided near the clamping members.