Abstract: A method of separating fine coal particles from refuse particles comprising the step of:(a) providing a coal filter cake(b) forming a slurry of fine coal particles, refuse particles in a liquid mixture comprising water and organic liquid,(c) contacting said coal filter cake with said slurry,whereby a major portion of said water and a major portion of said refuse pass through said filter cake and a major portion of said organic liquid and a major portion of said fine coal particles pass across the top of said filter cake.

Abstract: Fluidized bed apparatus comprising a fluidized chamber having a grid plate below said chamber, a feed gas channel below said grid plate, and a fluidized bed gas distributor, said fluidized bed gas distributor comprisinga nipple,a cap,and a bushing,wherein said cap is provided with at least one gas distribution passage, and said nipple includes a central nipple passage and said bushing includes a central bushing passage,said cap being attached to a first end of said nipple said bushing being attached to a second end of said nipple.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol from solid carbonaceous material comprisingproviding a gasifier means and a methanol formation means connected to said gasifier means, said gasifier means comprising a gasification chamber defined by a gasification chamber wall having an upper and a lower portion, an upper chamber wall inlet means for feeding said solid carbonaceous material into said gasification chamber, a lower chamber wall gas injection means for introducing gas into said gasification chamber, andan upper chamber wall gas outlet means, said gas outlet being connected to a gas product conduit,said methanol formation means comprising a methanol formation reactor means, reactor output conduit means, condensor means, and condensor output conduit means, said reactor conduit means being connected to said lower chamber wall gas injection means, said condenser output conduit means being connected to said condenser means and to said methanol formation reactor means,said gas product conduit being connected to said c

Abstract: A method of fuel treatment and distribution for an internal combustion engine including the steps as follows:(a) operating an adiabatic reactor without a substantial amount of exhaust heat within an operational temperature range, the catalyst bed reactor including a partial combustion catalyst and a dissociation catalyst;(b) providing a substantial amount of engine exhaust heat to an endothermic reactor having an endothermic dissociation catalyst therein,(c) vaporizing liquid alcohol to form alcohol vapor;(d) mixing the alcohol vapor with air to form a partial combustion mixture;(e) contacting the partial combustion mixture and the partial combustion catalyst whereby a dissociation mixture is formed and heat is evolved;(f) contacting the dissociation mixture and the dissociation catalyst to form a hydrogen rich fuel;(g) contacting the hydrogen-rich fuel and the endothermic dissociation catalyst to form a fuel product whereby at least a portion of any residual undissociated alcohol in the hydrogen-rich fuel is

Abstract: A method of hydrocracking using a zinc catalyst in the hydrogenation step comprising providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed of coal or tar to a hydrogenation means,removing spent zinc and catalyst from said hydrogenation means to a regeneration means,heating said spent zinc catalyst in said regeneration means,providing hydrogen chloride to said regeneration means,said spent zinc catalyst comprising ZnS, whereby ZnCl.sub.2 gas is formed,contacting at least a portion of said ZnCl.sub.2 with steam to form ZnO,conveying said ZnO and ZnCL.sub.2 to said hydrogenation means.

Abstract: A method is provided for flow straightening and sampling gas in the stack of a gas scrubber. In normal operation the gas has a substantially nonaxial flow so as to retain within the stack droplets carried by the gas. A flow straightener having flow straightening panels is assembled in the chamber of the gas scrubber and lifted into the stack. Gas having an axial flow is then sampled. The flow straightener is then removed from the scrubber, and normal operation is resumed.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine fuel treatment including in sequence the steps as follows:providing a dual catalyst reactor having a dehydration catalyst and dissociation catalystproviding alcohol,vaporing the alcohol to form alcohol vapor,dehydrating a portion of the feed alcohol vapor over the dehydration catalyst to form a first gaseous mixture including ethers, residual alcohol vapor and water,dissociating the residual alcohol vapor over the dissociation catalyst, to form a second gaseous mixture including H.sub.2 and CO,conveying the second gaseous mixture to the internal combustion engine,whereby the engine is operated on the second gaseous mixture.

Abstract: A method of scrubbing a gaseous mixture comprising NO and SO.sub.2 said method comprising providing a scrubbing solution, said scrubbing solution comprising a solvent and a solute wherein said solute comprises Fe.sup.++ and S.sub.2 O.sub.3.sup.-,scrubbing said gas containing nitric oxide with said scrubbing solution.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for deashing an effluent slurry from a coal liquefaction process is provided. A mixture of relatively coarse coal-derived solids and a precipitating solvent is stirred with the effluent slurry to form hard, discrete agglomerate pellets of improved settling rates.

Abstract: A method of contacting gas and liquid at pressures greater than 200 psig comprising:providing container means, said container means being provided with a plurality of conduit means and a plurality of gas inlet means, at least a portion of said gas inlet means extending into said conduit means,passing gas at a pressure greater than 200 psig through said gas inlet means into said conduit means,passing liquid at a pressure greater than 200 psig into said conduit means, whereby said gas and liquid are contacted.

Abstract: Cold start-up of a engine fueled by alcohol or hydrogen dissociated from alcohol by vaporizing alcohol in a first vaporizer contacting that vapor with methanation catalyst in a methanation reactor to form methane, passing methane and alcohol delivered through a by-pass conduit to the engine, starting the engine, vaporizing alcohol in a second vaporizer to form additional alcohol vapor, contacting the additional alcohol vapor and a dissociation catalyst in a dissociation reactor to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, conveying the hydrogen and carbon monoxide to the engine.

Abstract: In a system including an alcohol fuel container, a first catalyst containing reactor, an internal combustion engine, alcohol is passed from the container through the first reactor which contains dissociation catalyst. The alcohol is dissociated in the first reactor to form a combustible gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen. The hydrogen is then fed to the engine. The improvement includes passing alcohol through a second reactor containing dehydration catalyst to form ether. Then passing that ether to the engine for start-up. Thus, the engine may be started using a mixture of ether formed in the second reactor and alcohol and then operated using hydrogen formed in the first reactor.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide comprising contacting methanol in the vapor phase with a catalyst at a temperature in the range of about 250.degree. to 900.degree. F., a pressure in the range of from 0.1 to 50 atmospheres absolute and a contact time of 0.1 to 100 seconds whereby hydrogen and carbon monoxide are formed, said catalyst comprising manganese, copper and chromium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling steam production by controlling the flow rate of particulate solids from a fluidized bed combustion chamber through a vertical heat exchanger. The pressure drop across a section of the vertical heat exchanger is monitored and compared with a set point pressure drop. When the pressure drop being monitored falls below the set point pressure drop, a signal is provided to a particulate solids feed control means which then allows more particulate solids to be circulated through the vertical heat exchanger. The vertical heat exchanger receives heat from the particulate solids. The additional amount of particulate solids fed to the vertical heat exchanger are recirculated along with the previous amount of particulate solids through the heat exchanger into the fluidized bed combustion chamber. Because of the additional cooled particulate solids in the fluidized bed combustion chamber the temperature of the fluidized bed combustion chamber drops.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for deashing an effluent slurry from a coal liquefaction process is provided. A mixture of relatively coarse coal-derived solids and a precipitating solvent is stirred with the effluent slurry to form hard, discrete agglomerate pellets of improved settling rates.

Abstract: A process for producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous stream, fuel gases and blast furnace grade coke from a heavy, high sulfur, crude oil by producing delayed coke from at least a portion of the crude oil; crushing at least a portion of the coke to provide a finely divided coke feedstock to a briquetting operation where the finely divided coke is briquetted using crude oil or topped crude oil as a binder to produce briquettes of a size from about 3/4 inch to about 3 inches with the resulting briquettes being passed to a high temperature vertical calciner where the solids are desulfurized to produce a strong blast furnace grade coke. The distillable stream and fuel gas stream are recovered from the delayed coking operation, the vertical calciner and optionally a crude oil topping operation. In some instances coke particles in the size range from about 3/4 inch to about 3 inches may be passed directly to the calciner without crushing and briquetting.

Abstract: A series of individual conveyor assemblies each having an independent endless belt conveyor extending longitudinally thereon are positioned in overlapping relationship. Each conveyor assembly includes a pivotal section adjacent a material receiving end portion thereof and is pinned to a material discharge end portion of a preceding section. The material discharge end portion overlies the material receiving end portion. The pivotal section connecting adjacent conveyors maintains the end portions thereof in material conveying relation as the assemblies extend along a curved path through the mine. A support beam is secured to the mine roof above the connected conveyor assemblies. Each conveyor assembly adjacent the receiving end portions thereof is secured to the support beam by a roller assembly that is longitudinally movable on guide tracks of the support beam.

Abstract: A reactor and the use thereof for fueling an internal combustion engine.The reactor comprising a monolithic substrate and catalytic material,said monolithic substrate containing a plurality of substantially parallel channels, means being provided for charging a heat exchange fluid into said channels and recovering said heat exchange fluid from said channels, said monolithic substrate containing a plurality of passageways through said substrate generally parallel to said channels, said passageways being adapted to pass a reactant stream through said monolithic substrate and said passageways being larger in cross section and fewer in number than said channels, said catalytic material being supported within said passageways, as a coating on the passageway walls or as pellets.

Abstract: A fuel treatment and distribution apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine comprising an alcohol storage tank,a vaporizer,a catalyst containing reactor,a dissociated alcohol storage tank,and a by-pass conduit means,said alcohol storage tank being in fluid flow communication with said vaporizer means,said alcohol storage tank being in fluid flow communication with said by-pass conduit means,said vaporizer being in fluid flow communication with said catalyst containing reactor means,said catalyst containing reactor means being in fluid flow communication with said dissociated gas storage tank,said dissociated gas storage tank being in fluid flow communication and internal combustion engine said by-pass conduit means being in fluid flow communication with said internal combustion engine whereby peak operating capacity being handled by addition of liquid alcohol through said by-pass conduit.

Abstract: In a reactor consisting essentially of a monolithic substrate containing a plurality of substantially parallel channels having catalytic surfaces and means for charging a reactant stream into the channels and recovering a product stream from the channels, an improvement comprising; positioning a plurality of passageways through the monolithic substrate generally parallel to the channels with the passageways being adapted to pass a heat exchange fluid through the monolithic substrate.