Abstract: This invention provides for regulating the generation of a generator at a local power station whose governor receives control signals from a central load dispatcher effective to change the generation so long as there is a change in generation required to meet desired system conditions and wherein a signal representative of actual generation of the generator is fed back to the load dispatchers office. The improvement provides means for producing a signal representative of the ratio of the throttle pressure set point to the actual throttle pressure as well as means for multiplying the signal representative of actual generation by that ratio and supplying the product as the sole feedback to the load dispatcher for determining the control signals to the governor.

Abstract: There is provided a differential amplifier having a plurality of inputs connected through input resistors to a summing junction at the inverting input of a differential amplifier which also has a negative feedback path having a feedback resistor. One of the input resistors is connected to the output signal of the primary element or transducer. A second of the input resistors is connected to a zero compensating signal which varies with changes in the temperature of the transducer from a certain value at a reference temperature. A third input resistor is connected to a fixed signal of a value which is adjusted to correspond to the certain value of the compensating signal at the reference temperature but of opposite polarity so as to tend to cancel the compensating signal when the transducer is at the reference temperature. The combination of the three inputs then produces an output from the differential amplifier corrected for changes in the zero of the measurement due to temperature changes.

Abstract: A method for correlating in a digital data acquisition system the time sequence of a group of events at locations remote from the master station. The method corrects the time tags on the events record for the signal transmission time between the master and remote stations and also takes into account the turnaround time at the remote station. In addition, compensation is made for the drift of the remote clocks with reference to the master clock.

Abstract: A thin film resistance thermometer is manufactured to have a predetermined temperature coefficient of resistance while minimizing the amount of metal in the film. The process involves the production of a metal film deposit on an insulating substrate such that the film deposited has a bulk coefficient substantially higher than the desired coefficient with the film being deposited to a thickness that produces the desired coefficient.

Abstract: Apparatus for compensating for the IR drop in a polarographic type electrochemical cell which utilizes an injected current for in situ calibration includes means operable for a brief period of the current injection to change the cell bias so as to maintain the total cell current for that period at the value existing prior to current injection as well as means for maintaining throughout the remainder of the injection period the cell bias which exists at the end of the brief period.

Abstract: A method for in situ recalibration of a polarographic type electrochemical measuring system having a fourth electrode which includes adjusting the sensitivity of the system so that the measured value of a standard sample is correct and then measuring the transient response of the cell under those known sample conditions. A measurement of the transient response is then made for recalibration under unknown sample conditions with a readjustment of the sensitivity of the system in accordance with the change in the value of the transient response.

Abstract: There is provided a multirange, variable capacitance pressure transducer by bonding a diaphragm plate that is conductive between a pair of insulating plates with the diaphragm plate having a plurality of cavities provided on each side so that diaphragm deflection areas of different sizes are defined. The surfaces of the pair of plates in the cavities are covered by a conductive coating so that the coatings form capacitors with the deflection areas. A fluid communication path is provided to each cavity so that the pressure difference to be measured is placed across the deflection area. Electrical connection is made to selective combinations of said capacitors to provide pressure transducers for a number of ranges in one unit.

Abstract: A control system is provided for controlling the distribution of load among a plurality of generators when some of those generators respond quickly to control and some do not. The area control error signal is divided into portions to provide a unit error signal assigned to each generator. A control is utilized which responds to the unit error signal to reposition the governor motor until the error signal is reduced to zero. Applying that control to slow responding units requires anticipation of the generation changes to be expected after full response. Control from the unit error signal is modified in accordance with the difference between the desired generation for the units as required for economic considerations and the actual generation with that difference being modified by a signal which is a function of the actual generation. That function is expressable by the Laplace transform ##EQU1## .

Abstract: A humidity sensing element of the capacitance sensing type having two sets of interdigitated fingers of thin film platinum deposited on a glass substrate, all covered by a coating of water absorbing material such as cellulose acetate butyrate or a silicone rubber. The coating is of thickness such that it is substantially equal to or greater than the period of the fingers of the interdigitated electrodes.

Abstract: A capacitive pressure transducer utilizing a plate of electrically conductive semi-conductor material sandwiched between a pair of plates of inorganic electrically insulating material and electrostatically bonded thereto. A pair of concentric circular recesses are etched in the plates in such a way as to form cavities on opposing sides of the conductive plate and to define a diaphragm area on that plate. Apertures are drilled through the insulating plates to expose the cavities to the pressures to be measured. The surfaces of the insulating plates in the cavities have deposited on them electrically conductive surfaces which form capacitors with the diaphragm area on the conductive plate. A stress relief area is provided on the high pressure side surrounding the diaphragm area. In that stress relief area, the conductive plate is unrestrained by the adjacent insulating plate.

Abstract: A method for modifying an area control error signal for controlling the generation in each area of a multiple-area interconnected electric power system using net-interchange tie-line bias control where the area control error is calculated in accordance with the equationACE=.DELTA.P.sub.t1 -10B.times..DELTA.fwhere .DELTA.P.sub.t1 is the deviation of the measured net interchange from its scheduled value, .DELTA.f is the deviation of a system frequency from its set value, and B is the frequency bias of the area. The modification involves the integration of .DELTA.P.sub.t1 to produce a signal representing a measured value of the inadvertent interchange II'.sub.t1, and integration of .DELTA.f to produce a signal representing the time deviation TD'. The time deviation is multiplied by the value 10Bf.sub.o /3600 times 1/T where B is the area frequency bias and 1/T is the control weighting factor. The product of the multiplication is subtracted from the signal II'.sub.

Abstract: A bus structure for the interconnection between a data bus capable of transferring a plurality of words and a local bus which can carry only one word. This structure includes latches for storing the plurality of words for simultaneous transfer over the data bus or for sequential transfer over the local bus as required. Control logic operates to perform the necessary control over this interconnection to effect the required operation.

Abstract: A plurality of recesses and interconnecting paths are etched into the surface of a silicon wafer. A plate of borosilicate glass carrying thin-film metal deposits in a corresponding pattern is electrostatically bonded to the silicon to form a multiple-cavity variable capacitance pressure transducer.

Abstract: An analog voltage to duty cycle converter is provided using a series connected resistor and capacitor. The capacitor is charged in one direction through the resistor from the difference between the analog voltage and a reference voltage maintained across a zener diode by one polarity of output from a differential amplifier responding to the charge across the capacitor. When the charge across the capacitor reaches the difference necessary to cause the differential amplifier to change the polarity of its output, a positive feedback firmly toggles the output to the other polarity and the capacitor is allowed to charge in the opposite direction due to cut-off of the zener current by a diode in the amplifier output circuit. The capacitor then charges in an opposite direction due to the analog voltage alone and the reference voltage again switches "on" when the amplifier output goes positive. The duty cycle is then proportional to the analog voltage.

Abstract: A circuit for preventing data transfers to a RAM by a microprocessor when primary ac power fails also puts the RAM in standby after a period adequate to complete any data transfer started. The sequence is provided by providing a first signal to the microprocessor transfer enable line upon loss of primary power. A second signal is provided for the enable line of the RAM after a predetermined delay but before decay of the dc power to the RAM.

Abstract: A portable automatic disappearing filament optical pyrometer having low power demand incorporating a solid state line scanner as a sensing element is controlled by a microprocessor to perform a balance between the radiation from a target and a lamp filament to provide a digital indication of the temperature of the target including compensation for emissivity of the target.

Abstract: A thin film resistance thermometer is manufactured to have a predetermined temperature coefficient of resistance while minimizing the amount of metal in the film. The process involves the production of a metal film deposit on an insulating substrate such that the film deposited has a bulk coefficient substantially higher than the desired coefficient with the film being deposited to a thickness that produces the desired coefficient.

Abstract: A means to change the position of a drive unit in accordance with desired changes periodically provided as a digital value and entered in a first register, which is then decremented to zero by counting actual increments of drive unit change. Power to change the drive unit is proportional to the residual value in this register, with no power when actual change has equalled desired change. The count of actual change increments is determined from clock pulses updating a second register representing position whenever the analog equivalent of this register differs from an analog signal representing actual position.

Abstract: A signal compensating network for use with a sensing element having different rates of response for increasing or decreasing sensed quantities includes a differentiating amplifier having different time constants for increasing and decreasing input signals. The output from the differentiating amplifier is combined with a signal representing the magnitude of the input signal to produce an output.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter of the ramp-integrator type with provisions to reduce errors due to offset voltages. The cycle which is utilized includes a preconditioning cycle during which the capacitor is charged while the input to the buffer amplifier is connected to the datum level voltage, such as ground. A microprocessor is used to compute the unknown signal.