Abstract: A removable control signal is provided which varies as the product of a gain constant times the control error and has means for increasing the gain constant as a time integral of the error. The integral is reset to zero, thus making the gain constant zero, when the error crosses zero to avoid an excessive build-up of the value of the control signal as when the error fails to promptly correct itself.

Abstract: A spectrochemical analyzer utilizing a transparent medium such as quartz which has a color reagent coating the surface. When light is directed into the transparent medium, the magnitude of internal surface reflection varies with the change in absorptivity resulting from a color change in the reagent in response to a change in the chemical condition of the sample. By measurement of the light transmitted by the transparent medium the chemical condition of the sample is measured.

Abstract: A thermal print head produced by a multilayer process is disclosed. Six of the seven bar-segments of the figure "8" produced by resistive deposits are bounded on the outside by conductive deposits and on the inside by the internal areas of the figure "8" while the seventh is bounded by the internal areas of the figure "8". The peripheral segments are heated selectively by conduction between selected bar-segments and associated internal areas at a particular time while the internal areas are energized to heat the central segment at another time. Each internal area has a single electrical connection to the external switching circuitry.

Abstract: A hot stylus using a mandrel of soft material having good heat conductivity and good electrical conductivity is used to carry heat to the writing end of the mandrel. That end fits in an aperture of a jewel bearing surface which rides on the heat sensitive paper. The mandrel is soldered in a groove along a thermistor having a positive temperature coefficient. The mandrel also provides one electrical connection to the thermistor. The other electrical connection is by way of a foil contact soldered to an opposite face of the thermistor. That assembly is potted and assembled on a circuit board which provides the electrical leads from the stylus body to which the foil is soldered and from the mandrel itself.

Abstract: A flow-through thermal detector for determining the temperature change resulting from a reaction in a fluid stream includes a pair of parallel fluid paths one of which carries the fluid stream in which the reaction occurs while the other carries a similar fluid without the occurrence of a reaction. The detector includes a temperature sensor for each path. The first of the sensors is mounted to sense the temperature of the reacting stream after said reaction has occurred while the second of the sensors is mounted to sense the temperature of the non-reacting stream at a point in its flow path comparable to that at which the first sensor is mounted. A heat shield is provided surrounding the parallel paths and the heat shield is controllable to a predetermined temperature. Preheating of the streams is carried out by a preheating means positioned within the heat shield to receive the fluid stream entering the shield.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system for controlling the cooling of the molds in a glass forming machine which involves compensating the pressure set point for the control of the cooling air to correct for changes in the temperature of the cooling air and changes in the mass flow rate of the glass. During maximum and minimum flow conditions for the cooling air the heat transfer equilibrium between the coolant and the parisons being cooled is modified as by modifying the set points of the temperature controllers on the feeder supplying the forming machine or alternatively by changing the speed of the forming machine so that the parisons tend to stay at the desired temperature with the limited range of coolant supply.

Abstract: A filter is provided to substantially nullify the effect of process noise of less than a preset amplitude limit on the measurement of a process variable. The filter passes on to a controller or other device all signal changes greater than this amplitude. Within the amplitude limit the signal is damped by a first order lag with a filter time constant typically at least an order of magnitude greater than the average period of the noise to be filtered, but outside the amplitude limit, signal changes are passed immediately with no lag to a device such as a controller. The filter functions by generating a compensating signal essentially duplicating the process noise and then subtracting this compensating signal from the filter input signal, thus canceling this noise from the signal passed to the controller or other device. By subtracting only a limited value of this compensating signal from the filter input, changes of input greater than this limit are not compensated, and are thus immediately passed with no lag.

Abstract: A digital signal linearizer for obtaining a linear digital output from a non-linear input. The output voltage of a thermocouple is converted to a train of pulses by a dual slope analog to digital converter. The number of pulses in the pulse train is proportional to the voltage and is linearized by a pulse rate multiplier programmed to vary over successive ranges of pulse counts corresponding to linear segments approximating the non-linear characteristic relating temperature and voltage. The linearized pulse train out of the multiplier is counted and displayed directly in temperature units.