Abstract: A magnetizer for use in forming periodic magnetic fields is provided which utilizes two magnet structures which are coaxially aligned with one another. Two stages of magnetic cores are inserted into a gap between the two magnet structures. The stages of magnetic cores each have an upper and lower portion, each portion of which has grooves and ridges which mirror each other. The two different stages of magnetic cores are fabricated such that the respective grooves and ridges are offset and the grooves and ridges of one stage of magnetic core opposes the grooves and ridges, respectively, of the other stage of magnetic core. The two stages of magnetic cores can be active or passive magnetic material. In operation, the two magnetic structures form a uniform transverse magnetic field which passes through a working cavity of the magnetizer.

Abstract: A semiconductor lasing device is formed by disposing a quantum well or quum wire array between positive and negative ohmic contacts such that different potentials are applied along the array to establish a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode of the optic signal (i.e. where the field components lie in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation). Thus, the light confinement l will be on the order of the electron confinement a. By applying different potentials via the positive and negative ohmic contacts to multiply connected waveguides, the established TEM mode does not have a cut-off frequency, and therefore, the gain of device can be greatly enhanced while still providing increased anisotropy and a low threshold current.

Abstract: An oscillator is isolated from external mechanical and thermal effects by rrounding the oscillator on all sides with an aerogel insulation structure that provides both thermal insulation and vibrational isolation above some predetermined low frequency limit which is a function of the mass of the oscillator and the nature of the aerogel insulation structure.

Abstract: Micro-scale and nano-scale devices which achieve high frequency signals ug materials having increased electron saturation velocity. These devices have frequencies in the terahertz range with high temperature and radiation hard characteristics. The transit time device includes a substrate, a buffer layer and an epitaxial layer made of a material in the 43 m and 6 mm crystallographic point groups and associated alloys, and at least two contacts on the device. In operation, one contact is forward biased and the other is reversed biased. Applications for this devices include transit-time-based oscillators for use in military and civilian radar receivers, logic devices, burglar alarm and proximity alarm systems.

Abstract: A microcircuit package with an integrated acoustic isolator made up of a stacked acoustic filter. The package includes a rigid, electrically conductive housing with a IC module mounted therein. The acoustic filter includes two electroacoustic transducers mounted on opposite sides of a common wall of the package, one inside the package and the other outside. An a.c. power source is connected to the transducer that is mounted on the outside of the package. Electrical energy from the power source is converted by the outside transducer into acoustic energy which is conducted through the package wall to the inside transducer which reconverts the acoustic energy into electrical energy. The package wall has a significant thickness in comparison to the acoustic wavelength of the filter passband and is preferably equal to an integer number of one-half acoustic wavelengths.

Abstract: A submatrix of semiconductor material contains plural electron conduction annels in either or both series and parallel arrangements. Electrons in the channels are confined by the submatrix and a surrounding main matrix provides photon confinement within the submatrix for nonequilibrium phonons which are mutually interchanged between channels. The confinement enhances the efficiency of energy and momentum transfer by means of nonequilibrium phonons. Embodiments of the invention as a transformer, bistable switch, controlled switch and amplifier are disclosed.

Abstract: A mantle or emitter used to illuminate a photovoltaic cell. In one embodit, a tubular mantle or emitter is made of a composite structure including a rare-earth material, such as ytterbium oxide, covering a porous ceramic, such as alumina or zirconia, formed on a metal or ceramic support mesh. A hydrocarbon fuel-air mixture is forced into the mantle causing combustion and the rare-earth material to heat up to incandescent temperature, creating a highly radiant selective emitting surface. In another embodiment, a tubular burner-emitter having a mantle surrounded by an inner and outer glass tube permits the preheating of air used for combustion within a toroidal gap formed by the inner and outer glass tubes. In another embodiment, a tubular burner-emitter is used in combination with hinged photovoltaic cells or solar panels so that the photovoltaic cells can be positioned around the burner-emitter so that electromagnetic radiation from the burner-emitter causes the photovoltaic cells to create electrical energy.

Abstract: A composite structure including stacked layers of dielectric material hav a center conductor in the form of a cylindrical via which is surrounded by an annular dielectric region and an outer ground plane comprised of contiguous pairs of generally circular ground plane segments where each pair of ground plane segments are separated by a pair of spaces or gaps therebetween and wherein the gaps of adjoining layers are mutually oriented by a predetermined angle of rotation, preferably 90.degree..

Abstract: An optical fiber is releasably held in coil or skein form by a magnetized in film coating on the fiber. Adjacent convolutions are held together by a magnetic field to prevent unintended unravelling of the coil, but the fiber can be rapidly played out at high speed without rupture and with a constant release tension force. The magnetic field has a radial and axial component relative to the coil cylinder. A magnetizing apparatus is disclosed for magnetizing the film. A sensor feedback loop can dynamically adjust the reel-out drag force to dampen vibration modes during reel out which can cause tangle.

Abstract: A voltage-variable ceramic capacitance device which has a plurality of las in a matching lattice structure and which possesses a symmetric voltage characteristic and a determinable voltage breakdown and has a high resistance to overbiasing or reverse biasing from an applied voltage. The device consists of a carrier substrate layer, a high temperature superconducting metallic layer deposited on the substrate, a thin film ferroelectric deposited on the metallic layer, and a plurality of metallic conductive means disposed on the thin film ferroelectric which are placed in electrical contact with RF transmission lines in tuning devices.

Abstract: A method of using layers of gold metallization and a thick film coating of photo-sensitive material to form an air-filled microwave waveguide structure on the outer surface of a semiconductor body, such as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit commonly referred to as an MMIC, so that the waveguide can be coupled to the active and passive devices of the MMIC. First, a patterned metallization layer is formed on a substrate. A mold of a waveguide is fabricated by masking and then etching another metallization layer. The mold is turned over face down on the patterned metallization layer and bonded to the patterned metallization layer, Then, any unnecessary material is etched away.

Abstract: An optical detector for determining the wavelength of an optical signal iudes a semiconductor material in the path of the optical signal having a bandgap less than the optical signal. A conductive layer is positioned on the semiconductor material and a plurality of conductive pads are also positioned on the semiconductor material to delineate individual photodetectors. The pads have a common node established by the conductive layer. The optical detector produces a plurality of photocurrents between the pads and the conductive layer in response to the optical signal which photocurrents can be measured and compared to determine the wavelength of the optical signal. A system for determining the wavelength of the optical signal includes a plurality of optical detectors numbered 1 to n positioned sequentially in the path of the optical signal. The detectors produce photocurrents which are converted into digital signals. A microprocessor receives the digital signals and determines a ratio therebetween.

Abstract: A capacitor having an enhanced dielectric breakdown strength is obtained m a base dielectric film by coating the base dielectric film on both sides with an adherent coated dielectric film having a dielectric constant that is at least 50 percent higher than that of the base dielectric film and that adheres to the base dielectric film; and wherein metal foil is adherently joined to each of the coated dielectrics films to form electrodes for the capacitor.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing relatively complex permanent magnet structures uizing sheets of permanent magnet material. Different permanent magnet structures such as rings, cylinders, spheres, oblate and prolate forms are made from cut or stamped sections of the sheets of permanent magnet material. In one embodiment, toroidal sections having a uniform magnetic orientation are cut or stamped out. The sections are rearranged to form a "magic" ring having a desirable substantially uniform magnetic field in the center thereof. In another embodiment, the "magic" rings are stacked together to form a "magic" cylinder. In another embodiment, the "magic" rings are divided and beveled to form wedges, slices, or spheroidal segments that are used to assemble a "magic" sphere having a central working cavity with a desirable relatively strong uniform magnetic field.

Abstract: The invention provides light sources which are easily compatible with standard silicon VLSI processing and can be located directly in the material of the silicon VLSI chip. P-type silicon substrate is processed to produce proturbances, the proturbances preferably having tip dimensions on the order of 5-10 mm. A native oxide film (SiO.sub.2) is caused to develop on the surface of the silicon substrate. A thin, transparent, conductive film is then deposited on top of the SiO.sub.2. Electrical contacts are made to the top of the conductive film and to the bottom of the silicon substrate. The carriers for electroluminescence are supplied by the P-doped silicon substrate (holes) and the conductive film (electrons). When a voltage is applied across the layers via the electrical contacts, the holes are concentrated in the region of the tip of the proturbances because the electric field lines concentrate near a pointed object, and electron current across the SiO.sub.

Abstract: An optically controlled MESFET semiconductor oscillator assembly having a MESFET semiconductor which, when voltage biased by a pulsed dc voltage, oscillates at a free running frequency; an optical signal delivery system, such as a light intensity modulator connected to optical fibers; and other oscillator circuitry including a pulse generator. In operation, the pulsed free running oscillation of the MESFET semiconductor can be injection locked to the intensity modulated optical signal delivered via the optical signal delivery system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composite electrode material for use in high rgy and high power density electrochemical capacitors, and to the electrochemical capacitor containing the electrodes. The electrodes are comprised of materials with high specific capacitance and electronic conductivity/high porosity. Specifically, the electrode is comprised of RuO.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O powder and carbon black or carbon fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber is releasably held in coil or skein form by a magnetized in film coating on the fiber. Adjacent convolutions are held together by a magnetic field to prevent unintended unravelling of the coil, but the fiber can be rapidly played out at high speed without rupture and with a constant release tension force. The magnetic field has a radial and axial component relative to the coil cylinder. A magnetizing apparatus is disclosed for magnetizing the film. A sensor feedback loop can dynamically adjust the reel-out drag force to dampen vibration modes during reel out which can cause tangle.

Abstract: A ferroelectric phase shifting antenna array consists of a plurality of lrally spaced antenna patches which have respective ferroelectric components abutting an edge of each patch at a near central location on the edge to provide impedance matching. DC control power lines are connected to the center voltage null position of the resonant mode of the antenna patch. An Rf source is connected to the other ends of the ferroelectric components through quarter wave coupled lines which provides simultaneous impedance matching and DC isolation.

Abstract: A piezoelectrically controlled superconducting switch is provided for use in superconducting devices and piezoelectric devices. This switch includes a substrate, a superconductor which is bonded to the substrate, and a piezoelectric subassembly which has a load applicator and voltage source for straining the superconductor and for changing its superconductor curve of resistivity versus temperature.