Abstract: The invention relates to a device for filling with high accuracy a finely divided powdered medicament having a particle size smaller than 10 &mgr;m into cavities having a size corresponding to the volume of powder to be filled, wherein said device comprises oscillating and rotating means for breaking down aggregates formed in the finely divided powdered medicament and filling and for compacting it in said cavities. The invention also includes a method of filling with high accuracy of a finely divided powdered medicament having a particle size smaller than 10 &mgr;m and to fill said finely divided powdered medicament into cavities, wherein the finely divided powdered medicament is transported and compacted in said cavities by oscillating and rotating means.

Abstract: Solvent containing a product (or precursor for the product) and anti-solvent are introduced via tangential inputs respectively 17,18 of a fluidic vortex mixer 11. The emerging mix from axial outlet 20 is supplied directly to a precipitate entrapment device such as filter bed 12 so that precipitate is removed from the solution before the precipitated particles have time to grow. Filtrate is treated in a reduced pressure evaporator 13 to recover anti-solvent and return concentrated solution for combining with a product make up stream at 19 and return to tangential input 17 of the fluidic vortex mixer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a single-use device for injecting a dose of a medicinal product, comprising a syringe (1) and a piston rod (7) provided with a collar (9) housed in a casing formed of two parts, a front part (11) and a rear part (10), fitted inside each other and capable of sliding in relation to each other over a short traverse between two positions, a retracted position and a forward position. This device additionally includes means (35) for supporting the collar (9) of the piston rod (7) arranged so as to permit, on the one hand, injection under the effect of a propulsion spring (50) in the forward position of the parts (10, 11) of the casing and, on the other hand, backward movement of the syringe (1) inside the casing, after injection, in the retracted position of the said parts of the casing. It also includes means (28, 29) for viewing the supporting means (35) at the end of injection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for synthesizing an approximation to a sine wave comprising generating a number of pulse width modulated signals, each having a predetermine duty cycle and being the same frequency as each other, from a clock signal. The generated pulse width modulated signals are then combined to produce an approximation to a sine wave having the same frequency as the pulse width modulated signals. The clock signal is provided by an oscillator arranged to produce clock signals over a continuous range of frequencies so that approximations to a sine wave can be produced over a continuous range of frequencies.

Abstract: During use, a wheel of a railway vehicle may become out of round, which will be detrimental to both the vehicle suspension and the railway track. The shape of such a wheel may be monitored to detect any such out of roundness, while the wheel is rolling, by measuring how far the flange of the wheel projects below the upper surface of the rail. This may be achieved by mounting a rigid bar (24) alongside the rail (10), the bar (24) being supported resiliently so as to be depressed by a flange of a wheel (40), and by measuring the vertical displacement of the bar. The bar (24) may be supported by a plurality of flat leaf springs (26), which are inclined to the horizontal at for example 30°. This ensures that the bar (24) remains substantially parallel to the top surface of the rail (10) when depressed by the flange of a wheel (40).

Abstract: A reactor particularly for the plasma treatment of internal combustion engine exhaust gases, in which a power supply and reactor bed are connected directly and enclosed in an earthed metal chamber which both isolates the high voltage power supply and acts as a Faraday cage preventing the emission of electromagnetic radiation from the power supply or plasma.

Abstract: A lining method for a host pipe (10) including lubrication of the host pipe prior to insertion of a thermoplastic liner (11) using tight fit techniques. After allowing the inserted liner to relax, the liner is partially pulled from within the host pipe using puller (20) and clamped with an internal clamp (30) to allow fitting of a special flange (40) to the liner (11) by butt fusion, for example. Threafter the liner is allowed to revert so as to abut a flange (12) fitted to the host pipe (10). The technique is repeated at the other pipe end.

Abstract: The thickness of an organic material on a substrate, such as an oil film on a metal sheet (12), is monitored by illuminating the film with ultraviolet radiation (14) and measuring the fluorescent light intensity (44, 48) from the organic material. The reflectivity of the substrate is also monitored, and used in calculating the thickness. The technique is also applicable where the substrate is moving.

Abstract: An oxide LiMnO2 which has a layered monoclinic structure, and in which a minor part of the manganese may be replaced by another transition metal, is made by a two-stage process. Firstly NaXo2 with a layered structure of the &agr;-NaFeO2-type is made by reacting stoichiometric amounts of a sodium salt and a salt of the metal X in solution so as to form a precipitate, drying and heat treating the precipitate at a temperature between 650 and 720° C. in air, and then rapidly cooling the precipitate to room temperature in air. Then the NaXO2 is subjected to ion exchange with a lithium salt in solution in a non-alcoholic solvent at a temperature between about 140 and 210° C. The resulting lithium manganese oxide can be used as the cathode material in a rechargeable lithium cell.

Abstract: A portable diagnostic system for testing gas pressure reduction equipment includes a computer arrangement 16 interfaced to an electro-pneumatic test unit 12 which provides test pressures for and receives information on displacement from the pressure reduction equipment. Unit 12 includes a number of valves including three solenoid on/off valves, a needle valve and an on/off ball valve. The position of the valve member of the needle valve is sensed by a position transducer. Displacement transducers 40 and 42 connected to the reduction equipment sense slamshut valve and regulator displacements pressure transducer 44 and a differential pressure transducer 102 are each connected to the equipment. Signals from the transducers are fed to a data acquisition system 210 which also drives the solenoid valves and the needle and ball valves, all under the control of the PC16 to give an indication for example of how far the valves are open in the regulating equipment (ie from the valve seat).

Abstract: A preform and a blow molded container formed therefrom and having plural cavities or compartments for providing enhanced properties including vacuum containers for hot and cold product, or barrier materials including gases or layered material, improved creep resistance, use of lower cost and/or recycled materials, increased wall strength and aerosol properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the speed of sound in a gas. An acoustic transmitter is arranged to apply an acoustic signal to the interior of a resonator and an acoustic receiver is arranged to detect the amplitude of the acoustic signal in the interior of the resonator. A control means determines the speed of sound of gas within the resonator from the frequency of a detected non-radial resonant mode.

Abstract: An acoustic temperature measurement system for pipeline fluids comprises a loudspeaker (16) with spaced microphone (18) in a sealed pipe (10) with end cap (11). A computer arrangement (22) provides a tone burst signal which drives the speaker via power amplifier (21) and the outgoing and reflected signal is detected by the microphone (18) and following amplification in amplifier (20) passes to the computer (22) for processing. The signals are processed to determine phase relationships indicative of temperature and can be used in correcting leakage measurement readings.

Abstract: A sensor module for monitoring chemical properties of oil well fluids comprises at least one electrochemical sensor for a chemcal species, for example to detect pH and chloride ion concentration. A micro-porous barrier separates the electrochemical sensors from the environment of the module, the micro-porous barrier being of a material which is readily wetted by water. Periodic application of a current pulse between the barrier and a counter electrode enables fouling material to be removed from the micron barrier.

Abstract: The invention is an externally mounted window spring balance device assembly for installation on single or double-hung sash windows either not originally equipped with a counter balance device or on single or double-hung sash windows where the counter balance device has become inoperative due to broken or worn out parts. The externally mounted window spring balance replacement device assembly eliminates the need to disassemble the window frame to access broken or worn out parts located internal to the window frame.

Abstract: A snowboard binding that includes lock-retaining elements having sloping or conical surfaces for guiding the sole of a snow boot into a seated position. The boot sole becomes more restricted in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the further the boot is introduced into the binding. Also is disclosed a snowboard binding and a boot combination having interengaging boot-retaining members on the binding and locking parts on the boot sole.

Abstract: Lithium ion cells in which the cathode contains a particulate insertion material and a binder are cut open in a dry, inert atmosphere (10). The cell components are treated with a first organic solvent (12) to dissolve the electrolyte, so that this can be reused. They are then treated with a second organic solvent (16) to dissolve the binder, and the particulate material separated (18) from the solution of binder. The insertion material is then reduced (22) so that it does not contain intercalated lithium. The reduction process may be performed electrolytically.