Abstract: Sucrose which is found in molasses such as beet molasses or cane molasses may be selectively extracted therefrom by passing an aqueous solution of the molasses over a solid adsorbent such as activated carbon. The sucrose will be selectively adsorbed thereon and separated from the betaine and mineral salts, specifically potassium chloride, in the molasses. The sucrose is then removed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material comprising an alcohol. An essential step in the process is the flushing of the desorbent from the adsorbent with water prior to the subsequent contact of the adsorbent with the feed stream.

Abstract: A mutant Streptomyces coelicolor, NRRL 15398, produces glucose isomerase constitutively at a level at least as great as the parent does inductively in common growth media. The isomerase can be effectively used to isomerize glucose to fructose in a continuous process using immobilized enzyme.

Abstract: A new catalyst for converting hydrocarbons, especially for reforming hydrocarbons, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process using the catalyst as well as a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component, a tin component, an indium component and a halogen component with a porous support material, wherein there is about 0.6 or more wt. %, on an elemental basis, indium present. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the catalyst is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable for use as a petrochemical feedstock.

Abstract: A process able to separate ortho-xylene from the other C.sub.8 aromatics. In the process the ortho-xylene-containing feed mixture is contacted with an X-type zeolite having silver cations at exchangeable cationic sites which has been subjected to a reduction step. The ortho-xylene is selectively adsorbed onto the adsorbent. The feed is then removed from the absorbent and the ortho-xylene recovered by desorption with para-diethylbenzene. The process is particularly amenable to the simulated moving bed flow scheme.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur oxides from a gas by the steps comprising:(a) contacting said gas with an acceptor at acceptance conditions which reacts with and retains said sulfur oxides, said acceptor comprising calcium oxide deposited on an aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide support so as to provide essentially a single complete monolayer of calcium on said support, and (b) removing said retained sulfur oxides from the acceptor by contacting the acceptor with a reducing gas comprising hydrogen at reduction conditions.The process has particular utility in the FCC process in which the acceptor may be circulated with the FCC catalyst.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating oleic acid from a feed mixture comprising an oleic acid and linoleic acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising silicalite, thereby selectively retaining the oleic acid. The oleic acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement fluid comprising a diluent soluble in the feed mixture and having a polarity index of at least 3.5. Displacement occurs at a temperature from about 120.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. The feed mixture may also contain rosin acids in which case a first molecular sieve comprising silicalite is used to separate the fatty acids from the rosin acids.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur oxides from a gas by contacting the gas with an acceptor comprising a lithium doped mixture of magnesium and aluminum oxides. The acceptor reacts with and retains the sulfur oxides. The retained sulfur oxides are then removed from the acceptor by reducing the acceptor through contact with hydrogen. The above process has the advantage of extremely high selectivity for hydrogen sulfide with regard to the effluent produced during the reduction step.

Abstract: A process vessel which contains a control system for maintaining average pressure drop across gas discharge nozzles above a minimum valve to prevent the occurrence of inactive nozzles, said nozzles comprising part of a distributor which is used to distribute gas across the lower portion of the processing vessel, wherein the control system comprises:(a) means for establishing a flow signal representative of the rate of flow of gas in said pipeline supplying the gas to said distributor;(b) means for establishing a temperature signal representative of the temperature of the gas flowing in said distributor;(c) means for establishing a pressure signal representative of the pressure of the gas flowing in said distributor;(d) computing means for calculating the average pressure drop across said nozzles using said flow, pressure, and temperature signals and appropriate constant parameters and equations;(e) means for comparing said average pressure drop across said nozzles with a minimum value, generating a correction

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process for the production of C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons from C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 aliphatic hydrocarbons is disclosed. This dehydrocyclodimerization process is characterized by the integrated product recovery steps employed to separate hydrogen and products from the reactor effluent. Following partial condensation of the reactor effluent stream, the resultant vapor is subjected to liquid absorption (scrubbing) followed by autorefrigeration to yield lighter gas streams. Liquids from the various steps are separated via fractionation.

Abstract: A catalytic composite suitable for use in the continuous and simultaneous conversion of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides contained in hot gases particularly from hot gases from an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The catalytic composite comprises uranium and a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Improved, lightweight multi-passenger aircraft seating unit utilizes an elongated, generally S-shaped, composite panel to provide the sole support for the seat cushions, the seat back and seat back tray table, the seat belt anchors and the armrests. Front legs and rear legs made of thin sheet metal can be attached directly to the panel by bolts passing through the panel. A downwardly projecting front portion of the panel and an upwardly projecting rear portion, in cooperation with channel-shaped members bonded to the panel's peripheral edges, enhance the rigidity of the panel. The unit provides cantilever support without the necessity for the front and rear tubular stretcher members and the fore and aft support members used in conventional seats. The composite panel has a honeycomb core and its top and bottom skin surfaces are formed of continuous layers of resin-impregnated fibrous material such as graphite fibers, with additional swatches of such material overlying and integrally bonded into the skin.

Abstract: A support matrix which immobilizes enzymes by ion exchange forces comprises a core support deposited on which is a functionalized polyethylenimine insoluble in water. Such support matrices may be prepared from a virtually limitless variety of core supports since the functionalized polyethylenimines of this invention show excellent adhesive properties even to smooth surfaces. Such support matrices are particularly useful where the enzyme to be immobilized has a rather limited inherent half-life. The functionalized polyethylenimine is a carboxylic acid amide of polyethylenimine, a sulfonic acid amide of polyethylenimine or polyalkylated polyethylenimine.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a saturated fatty acid from a feed mixture comprising saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising a crystalline silica, thereby selectively retaining the saturated fatty acid. The saturated fatty acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement at displacement conditions with a displacement fluid comprising a diluent soluble in the feed mixture and having a polarity index of at least 3.5. Amorphous silica is a preferred binder for the molecular sieve.

Abstract: Alkylaromatic compounds may be prepared by utilizing paraffinic hydrocarbon as an alkylating agent for the aromatic compound. The alkylation is effected in a fragmented scavenging reaction in which the paraffinic hydrocarbon acts as a fragment donor while the aromatic compound acts as a scavenging agent. The reaction is effected by decomposing a paraffinic hydrocarbon on the surface of a nonacid-acting catalyst at a temperature in the range of from about 50.degree. to about 400.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 0.33 atmospheres to about 50 atmospheres.

Abstract: A general method of resolution of chiral alcohols is based on the relatively facile chromatographic resolution of their diastereomeric esters with optically active amino acids. The naturally occurring L-amino acids and D-(-)-phenylglycine are especially useful, and the method is applicable to a range of alcohols of diverse structure.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a fatty acid from a mixture comprising a fatty acid and a rosin acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising a crystalline silica, thereby selectively retaining the fatty acid. The fatty acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement fluid comprising an ester containing less than six carbon atoms per molecule. Once the rosin acid is removed from the feed mixture, the process is also effective in separating the fatty acids from each other, using the same molecular sieve and displacement fluid.

Abstract: Several materials, suitable as carriers or supports for zerovalent metals dispersed thereon have been found to be appreciably more corrosion resistant in the environment of organic acids than are conventional supports, among which are included alpha-alumina, theta-alumina, titanated alumina, titania, and aluminum phosphate. The discovery of such corrosion resistant supports permits a continuous process for the hydrogenation of a fatty acid to its fatty alcohol using a fixed catalyst bed of a zerovalent metal dispersed on a carrier of this invention.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a fatty acid from a mixture comprising a fatty acid and a rosin acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising silicalite, thereby selectively retaining the fatty acid. The fatty acid is recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement fluid comprising an aqueous solution of a ketone from the group comprising acetone, methyl-ethylketone, or di-ethylketone.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed. Paraffinic hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated to yield an olefin-containing stream, which is later charged to an alkylation zone for reaction with an aromatic hydrocarbon. The olefin-containing stream is first passed through a selective hydrogenation zone in which diolefins are converted to monoolefins by contact with a selective catalyst. This increases the yield and the quality of the product alkylate by greatly reducing the production of biphenyl compounds and oligomers in the alkylation zone. The selective hydrogenation zone is located between the vapor-liquid separator and stripper column of the dehydrogenation zone.

Abstract: A new catalyst for converting hydrocarbons, especially for reforming hydrocarbons, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process using the catalyst as well as a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component, a tin component, an indium component and a halogen component with a porous support material, wherein the atomic ratio of indium to platinum group component is more than about 1.14. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the catalyst is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable for use as a petrochemical feedstock.