Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for imparting durable flame retardancy to textile materials wherein said material is impregnated with a solution having a poly(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium cation content of from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight, dried to a moisture content of from about 0 to about 8 percent, aerated by passing air through the dried material, cured by polymerizing the monomer on and in the textile material with exposure in an enclosed chamber to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia and thereafter contacting with water, the improvement comprising, impregnating said material with said solution containing poly(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium cation having a pH of from about 2 to about 9, and after contacting said material with said water, further exposing said material to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia.

Abstract: A process for the separation of 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde from an isomeric mixture of dichlorobenzaldehyde comprises dissolving the isomeric mixture in a water-immiscible organic solvent, contacting the solvent with an aqueous sodium bisulfite solution, separating the aqueous solution and recovering 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde from the organic solvent.

Abstract: Bis(pentachlorocyclopentadienyl) is prepared by reductive coupling of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with cuprous chloride in an alcoholic reaction medium. The product is extracted with the aid of an organic solvent, such as orthochlorotoluene. The organic solvent containing the dissolved product together with unreacted cuprous chloride is then treated with hydrochloric acid, having a strength of at least 0.4 normal, to extract the cuprous chloride, and then with water to dissolve residual acid. The solvent is then further processed, for example, by crystallization, to recover C.sub.10 Cl.sub.10 product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w', X.sub.p').sub.Zcomprises contacting compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w X.sub.p).sub.Zin the liquid phase, with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of MoCl.sub.3, MoCl.sub.4, MoOCl.sub.4, MoO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 and MoF.sub.6.Ar is aryl;R is a substituent on the aryl nucleus selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and substituted alkyl;N is 0 to 9;X is halogen atom other than fluorine;W is 0 to 2;P is 1 to 3;W' is 1 to 3, and is greater than w;P' is 0 to 2, and is less than p;W + p is 3;W' + p' is 3;Z is 1-10; and the maximum value of n + Z is 10.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w' X.sub.p').sub.Zcomprises contacting compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w X.sub.p).sub.Zin the liquid phase, with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of pentachloride and pentafluoride of tantalum, niobium and rhenium.Ar is aryl;R is a substituent on the aryl nucleus selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and substituted alkyl;N is 0 to 9;X is halogen atom other than fluorine;W is 0 to 2;P is 1 to 3;W' is 1 to 3, and is greater than w;P' is 0 to 2, and is less than p;W + p is 3;W' + p' is 3;Z is 1-10; andThe maximum value of n + Z is 10.

Abstract: An improved process for imparting durable flame retardancy to textile materials wherein said material is impregnated with a solution having a poly(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium cation content of from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight, dried to a moisture content of from about 0 to about 8 percent, aerated by passing air through the dried material, cured by polymerizing the monomer on and in the cellulose material with exposure in an enclosed chamber to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia and thereafter contacting with water, the improvement comprising, impregnating said material with a poly(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium cation containing solution and a basic catalyst, said solution having a pH of from about 2 to about 9, and after contacting said material with said water, further exposing said material to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia.

Abstract: A method of imparting flame retardant character to cellulosic containing material by applying an effective fire retarding imparting amount of a phosphorous composition to the material and curing the phosphorous composition, the improvement comprising pretreating the material with an aqueous caustic solution prior to applying the phosphorous composition, wherein the material contains at least 20% polyester.

Abstract: A composition suitable for the protection of corrodible metal surfaces which comprises a binder and a filler. The filler is constituted of a mixture of a comminuted refractory ferro alloy and a non-metallic inhibitor such as zinc chromate or zinc yellow, the latter being present in an amount sufficient to enhance the corrosion protection and weldability of the coated metal surfaces. Various binders, both inorganic and organic, may be used and the filler is preferably a mixture of a major amount of ferrophos (Fe.sub.2 P) and a minor amount, e.g., about 10 percent by weight of the filler, of zinc yellow.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of benzoyl halide and meta-halosulfonyl benzoyl halide comprises adding to oleum and reacting therewith a benzotrihalide compound characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is bromine or chlorine and Y is individually selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, alkyl, preferably of one to six carbon atoms, halosubstituted alkyl, preferably trichloromethyl or tribromomethyl, aryl, preferably phenyl, and hydrogen, with the proviso that at least one Y substituent at a meta position is hydrogen.

Abstract: Cellulosic materials such as paper, wood, cotton, rayon and the like are rendered flame retardant by the intimate association therewith of an effective flame retardant amount of a reaction product of aqueous solution of sulfamic acid and an alkylene oxide e.g., ethylene oxide. Amounts of said reaction product of at least, and preferably in excess of, 0.5 percent by weight are generally effective to render the cellulosic material flame retardant. Preferably the reaction product is rendered neutral before or after application to the cellulosic material in order that the material be rendered noncorrosive and nonirritating in nature.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.2w.spsb.' X.sub.p.spsb.').sub.Zcomprises contacting compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w X.sub.p).sub.Zin the liquid phase, with hydrogen fluoride in the presense of molybdenum chloride whereinAr is arylR is a substituent on the aryl nucleus selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and substituted alkyl;n is 0 to 9;X is halogen atom other than fluorine;W is 0 to 2;p is 1 to 3;w' is 1 to 3, and is greater than w;p' is 0 to 2, and is less than p;W + p is 3;w' + p' is 3;Z is 1-10; andThe maximum value of n + Z is 10.

Abstract: Halogenated derivatives of the Diels-Alder adducts of norbornenes and halocyclopentadienes are excellent fire retardant additives for polymers free of nitrogen in the monomeric units of the polymer chain, the additive-containing polymers being characterized by exceptional heat stability; excellent mechanical properties and improved molding characteristics.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the electrochemical hydroxylation of aromatic compounds ring-substituted with an electron-withdrawing moiety and having a replaceable nuclear hydrogen. An aqueous liquid comprising the aromatic substrate and the anion of a strong carboxylic acid provided by a strong carboxylic acid or the salt of a strong carboxylic acid is electrolyzed to produce a nuclear-substituted hydroxy derivative of the aromatic substrate wherein the hydroxy group replaces a nuclear hydrogen.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the electrochemical hydroxylation of aromatic compounds ring-substituted with an electron-withdrawing moiety and having a replaceable nuclear hydrogen. An aqueous liquid comprising the aromatic substrate and the anion of a strong carboxylic acid provided by a strong carboxylic acid or the salt of a strong carboxylic acid is electrolyzed to produce a nuclear-substituted hydroxy derivative of the aromatic substrate wherein the hydroxy group replaces a nuclear hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the selective mono.alpha.-chlorination of alkyl chloroaromatic compounds comprises reacting chlorine with an alkyl chloroaromatic compound of the formula: ##STR1## WHERE R is methyl or ethyl and n is 1 or 2; in the presence of an organic sulfide catalyst selected from the group consisting of aryl sulfides, alkyl sulfides, alkylaryl sulfides and heterocyclic sulfides.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided wherein, in a static condition a lower phase liquid is covered by an upper phase liquid which is non-miscible with the lower phase liquid. In operation, the upper phase liquid is removed from a selected area of the lower phase liquid by raising the upper phase liquid to pass over a weir into a second chamber. Simultaneously a portion of the lower phase liquid is circulated over a second weir and caused to pass through a portion of the upper phase liquid to provide a scrubbing or cleansing action. When operation ceases the liquids automatically return to the static condition levels wherein the lower phase liquid is completely covered by the upper phase liquid. During operation articles or materials may be caused to enter and exit the lower phase liquid in the selected area, for treatment therein without contacting the upper phase liquid. The apparatus is useful in cleaning, degreasing, plating, pre-plating treatments and the like.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for sequestering metal ions by treating said ions with a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of .sup.- OH, alkyloxy and aryloxy; and R is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein Z is .sup.- OH, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and aryloxy.

Abstract: Thianthrene compounds are prepared by adding sulfur monochloride to an excess of a benzene compound in the presence of aluminum chloride, and reacting to form a thianthrene compound as an insoluble aluminum chloride complex; slurrying the complex in an inert organic liquid; treating the slurry with a Lewis base, such as ammonia to free the thianthrene compound from the complex.

Abstract: Polymer substrates particularly molded resins and polymers are dyed by pretreatment of the substrate with a phosphorus sulfide, particularly phosphorus sesquisulfide, followed by contacting the treated substrate with an aqueous dyestuff composition.

Abstract: A method for the purification of monochlorobenzene contaminated with partly chlorinated aliphatic compounds comprises (a) selectively photochlorinating the contaminated monochlorobenzene to convert the partly chlorinated aliphatic compounds to substantially fully chlorinated aliphatic compounds and (b) separating the monochlorobenzene from the more fully chlorinated aliphatic compounds by distillation.