Abstract: Moisture impervious packaging systems for retaining articles include a container body and a closure lid hingedly connected thereto. The container body includes a bottom wall and upwardly extending peripheral walls ending in an upper surface that defines an access opening into an interior compartment in which the articles are retained. The lid includes a peripheral frame member providing the side margins of the lid, and a separate moisture impervious sheet adhered to the frame member for providing the top wall of the lid. The moisture impervious sheet constituting the top wall of the lid preferably is also adhered to the upper surface of the container body for providing a primary moisture impervious seal for the interior compartment of the container body.

Abstract: Wet-lay papermaking processes employing urea-formaldehyde resin in a papermaking slurry for imparting wet strength to the paper, are improved by addition of a water soluble salt of carboxymethylcellulose to the papermaking slurry, preferably when the urea-formaldehyde resin is dispersed in the slurry. The carboxymethylcellulose salt substantially increases the wet strength cure rate of the paper without significantly affecting the ultimate wet strength properties imparted to the paper by the cured urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: An embossed film-to-foam laminate is provided having perforations through the film selectively distributed essentially along the sidewalls and valleys of the embossed pattern. The integrity of the laminated film material is retained on the crowns of the embossed patterned surface, since the perforations in the film material are mainly distributed on the sidewalls and valleys of the embossed pattern. The laminated product has a water-resistant and abrasion-resistant upper surface imparted by the film material on the crowns while the perforations in the sidewalls and valleys permit sound to pass through the film and be exposed to the acoustical matrix of the open cell foam component of the laminate. The film and/or the foam material are heated to supply adhesive material by melting or softening which serves to bond the film material to the foam.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fluid-forming (e.g., air-forming) a fibrous structure, such as a fibrous web, employs a conveying duct through which a stream of fluid-entrained fibers is directed, and a foraminous surface intercepting the downstream end of the duct to collect the fibrous structure on its surface. The improvement resides in establishing an oblique orientation between the foraminous surface and the direction of fiber flow through the duct so that the width of the foraminous surface intercepting the open end of the duct is greater than the width of the downstream end of the duct, as measured between laterally spaced sidewalls in a direction generally normal to the direction of material flow through the duct. In accordance with this invention the width of the fibrous structure deposited on the foraminous surface is greater than the width of the stream of fluid-entrained fibers confined within the conveying duct.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating fibers from a stack of fibrous sheets, either in roll or bale form, by directing the stack of sheets into engagement with a fiberizing means employs a differential feed system for directing the bottom sheet, or sheets, of the stack into engagement with the fiberizing means at a different speed relative to other sheets of the stack. Preferably the bottom sheet of the stack is fed into the fiberizing means at a slower speed relative to other sheets of the stack to minimize clump generation in the fiberizing operation.

Abstract: A method for forming a fibrous structure from a fibrous feed by: (1) directing the feed into engagement with projections on a rotating fiberizing drum for separating fibers from the feed; (2) directing the separated fibers to a release zone at which they are released from the periphery of the drum for subsequent conveyance to a foraminous forming surface upon which the fibrous structure is formed; and (3) sealing the outer periphery of the drum in a region between the fiber release zone and the region in which the fibrous feed is directed into engagement with the fiberizing drum by directing a gas against the outer periphery of the drum with a force component in a direction opposed to the direction of rotation of the drum and at a static pressure of at least about two atmospheres to provide a gas velocity which is sufficiently high to remove air trapped between the projections of the drum as the drum is being rotated.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a dry-formed, adhesively bonded, nonwoven fibrous sheet and the fibrous sheet formed thereby.

Abstract: Ortho-sulfobenzoic anhydride is synthesized by pyrolysis of the 2-sulfochloride benzoates. The benzoate intermediates are readily prepared by reacting either the esters of dithiodibenzoic acid with chloride water or the 2-diazonium chloride benzoates with sulfur dioxide. The invention also provides for the total synthesis of saccharin, free of bitter tasting contaminants, from such reactants, the ultimate step in such synthesis being the ammonolysis of the o-sulfobenzoic anhydride.

Abstract: An apparatus for accurately positioning the end of a web being wound on a roll at a predetermined angle of the roll. An operator sets up in thumbwheel switches a predetermined number representing the additional angular rotation of the roll after the web has been cut at a winding station in order to have the tail of the roll located at a desired predetermined angle at a second station. As the roll is wound, a sensor responds to an index that rotates in synchronism with the roll to provide a signal indicating that the roll is oriented at a known reference angle. A first pulse source generates pulses wherein each pulse represents a known angle of rotation of the roll as the web is being wound on the core. An electronic counter counts the number of pulses generated by the first pulse source between the occurrence of the signal indicating that the web has been cut and the reference angle signal generated by the winding station sensor.

Abstract: A disposable lift sheet formed of paper board having beneath one edge of the platform portion thereof a multiple layer stack of strips which provide a pierceable target area for the forks of the lift truck. The target area strips in the upper portion of the stack are wider than the strips in the lower portion of the stack to provide gradual stepped support for the platform portion and to reinforce the fork entry region of the lift sheet and prevent accidental piercing of the platform portion and the supported load thereon by the forks. In the preferred embodiment the target area strips are integral with the platform portion and are provided by reverse folding edge portions of the base sheet from which the lift sheet is made.

Abstract: An absorbent article includes an air-laid fibrous web having a medial portion of a greater basis weight than flanking end and side portions. The fibers forming one surface of the web are adhesively bonded together to provide an abrasion resistant, nonpilling, facing layer, and also to aid in maintaining the structural integrity of the web. The fibers forming the other surface of the web are either adhesively bonded together, or a separate backing sheet, preferably in the form of a water-proof plastic sheet, is adhered directly to the other surface of the web to form a stabilized backing layer. The above contructions are adapted for use as disposable diapers.Apparatus of this invention includes a vacuum box having an open end underlying a discrete section of a foraminous forming surface so that regions of the forming surface extend beyond the open end of the vacuum box.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dispensing cabinet for sequentially dispensing material from a primary roll and a reserve roll by passing the sheet material through a nip formed by two rotatably mounted feed rollers. The dispensing cabinet has transfer means and trnasfer actuation means for feeding sheet material from the reserve roll into the nip in response to substantial depletion of sheet material from the primary roll. The transfer means is adapted to press the sheet material from the reserve roll into contact with both of the feed rollers at spaced-apart locations on the sheet material and on the inwardly rotating side of the nip. The transfer means and feed rolles are adapted to drive the reserve roll sheet material towards the nip by the cooperation of the transfer means and one of the feed rollers and to block the reserve roll sheet material from being driven past the transfer means by the cooperation of the transfer means with the other feed roller, whereby the reserve roll sheet material is crowded into the nip.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for applying fluid to an intaglio roll for subsequent transfer to a soft, absorbent fibrous web passing in contact with the intaglio roll. The fluid is flowed upwardly through a small unpressurized reservoir extending across the width of the intaglio roll, which forms a confining member of the reservoir, and overflows a second confining member of the reservoir spaced from the intaglio roll. The fluid is flowed into the reservoir with uniform flow velocity profile across the width of the reservoir, created preferably by flowing the fluid against an impingement member prior to entering the reservoir. The intaglio roll is rotated upwardly through the reservoir to establish a first layer of fluid adhering to the roll above the reservoir, and the intaglio roll is rotated past a unique pre-wipe member positioned adjacent the intaglio roll above the reservoir.

Abstract: Disclosed is a web accumulator for accumulating and discharging a reserve portion of a continuous web passing through the accumulator. The accumulator, which is particularly useful for handling weak webs such as sanitary or tissue paper, includes first and second sets of rotatably mounted web rolls, each of which is partially wrapped by the web when the web is looped alternately from a roll of the first set to a roll of the second set in consecutive order. The second set of web rolls is mounted for movement towards and away from the first set of web rolls to discharge and accumulate the reserve portion of the web, and the accumulator preferably includes drive means separate from the web for driving each web roll at the speed of the web passing over it at all times including when it is accumulating or discharging.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the dry forming of fibrous pads employ a pad forming member closing the lower end of a pad forming area. The pad forming member preferably is in the form of a condenser roll having three-dimensional pockets, or cavities about the periphery thereof. Each cavity includes an opening into it, and the cavities are brought into communication with the pad forming area as the condenser roll is continuously driven during operation of the apparatus. Each cavity is defined by foraminous bottom and side surfaces, the surface area of which is greater than the surface area of the opening into it. An air suspension of fibers is formed in the pad forming area, and a vacuum is applied through the foraminous surfaces of each cavity when it is disposed in the pad forming area to pull the air of the suspension through the foraminous surfaces, and deposit the fibers carried in the air suspension onto the foraminous surfaces in the form of a fibrous layer.

Abstract: The invention resides in a method of forming a nonwoven web by employing a forming apparatus which includes a fiberizing roll for separating fibers from a feed mat and entraining them in a gaseous medium, a foraminous forming surface through which the gaseous medium passes and upon which the fibers are condensed to form a fibrous web, and a formation duct between the fiberizing roll and the forming surface for defining a flow path for the gaseous suspension of fibers from the fiberizing roll to the forming surface; the improvement wherein the formation duct includes front and back, substantially planar inner surfaces which may slightly converge in a direction from the fiberizing roll to the forming surface, but preferably diverge at an angle of up to about 41/2 degrees when the forming surface is a curved surface of a cylindrical drum, and up to about 11/2 degrees when the forming surface is a linear surface of a forming belt; the formation duct being inclined to the forming surface to define an incidence ang

Abstract: Moisture impervious packaging systems for retaining articles include a container body and a closure lid hingedly connected thereto. The container body includes a bottom wall and upwardly extending peripheral walls ending in an upper surface that defines an access opening into an interior compartment in which the articles are retained. The lid includes a peripheral frame member providing the side margins of the lid, and a separate moisture impervious sheet adhered to the frame member for providing the top wall of the lid. The moisture impervious sheet constituting the top wall of the lid preferably is also adhered to the upper surface of the container body for providing a primary moisture impervious seal for the interior compartment of the container body.

Abstract: The method of the invention consists of forming a web of substantially planar-aligned fibers, applying a surface disposition of bonding material to one side of the web to penetrate only part way through the web in order to form a first surface region having the surface bonding material and a central core region free from the surface bonding material and bounded on the side opposite the first surface region by a second surface region, applying a penetrating disposition of bonding material to one side of the web in a fine, spaced-apart pattern which occupies less area in the plane of the web than the surface bonding material in the first surface region and penetrates through the central core region to connect the first and second surface regions together, and creping the web to decrease the fiber concentration in the central core region to less than that in the first surface region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element comprised of a slightly conductive support and an insulating coating thereon comprised of an insulating resin and a substituted aniline photoconductor. An electron acceptor sensitizing agent can also be added to the insulating coating.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dividable transport package consisting of two or more containers placed on a single pallet in side-by-side relationship on opposite sides of a vertical dividing plane. The pallet forms the bottom of the package and includes a continuous-plane platform of low tear strength material which supports all of the containers in the package. The pallet is encircled in each of the vertical dividing planes by a thin band of high tensile strength material which, upon being pulled through the pallet, divides the pallet to form two or more separate self-supporting, palletized packages. Also disclosed is a dividable pallet for supporting two or more objects.