Abstract: An optical scanning system uses a double pass of a light beam through two rotating binary diffractive optical elements on a disc to focus a scan beam at a scan line and to scan the beam along the scan line which doubles the scan angle of the beam.

Abstract: Arrays of blocking optical switches formed from optically amplifying waveguides are used to transmit or block one or more input beams to one or more selected optical channels. Passive optical waveguides couple the optical input to the amplifying waveguides. Optical splitters monolithically formed with passive optical waveguides are used to route the optical signal from a single fiber to the array of amplifying waveguides.

Abstract: An optical synchronization system uses a stationary binary diffractive optical element and a rotating disc with alternating scattering binary diffractive optical elements and transmissive elements to create a moire pattern for a synchronization signal for a pixel clock.

Abstract: The total internal reflection modulator has an electrode array distributed across an area of the reflecting surface of the electro-optic material. The electrode array has multiple sets of electrodes forming an outer rectangle interdigitated with at least one reference set of electrodes forming a inner diamond. A diamond-shaped area with no electrodes is preferably symmetrically within the inner electrodes of the electrode array on the reflecting surface. The uniform voltage difference between the electrodes and the varying lengths of the electrodes creates a fringe electrical field in the electro-optical material and an optical phase grating to diffract the incident light on the reflecting surface. The zero order nondiffracted light becomes the output beam. The optical phase grating will control the incident beam's optical profile at the modulator (near field) and hence the imaged spot size at a focus at the image plane (far field).

Abstract: Within a monolithic semiconductor structure, passive waveguides couple laterally offset generation waveguides for generating light waves to mirrors. The passive waveguides can also couple detecting regions for measuring the light intensity within the laser cavity and adjustable absorption regions for tuning the wavelength of the lightwaves generated by the generation waveguides.

Abstract: A light emitting diode structure is thermally stabilized by passing current through heater elements along the sides of the light emitting diode. A heater element is adjacent to and corresponding to each light emitting diode. The heater elements may be a resistive region or a p-n junction. The heater elements may be adjacent along one side of the light emitting diodes or on alternating sides of the individual light emitting diodes. The heater elements may be a single heater strip adjacent and along the length of the array of the light emitting diodes.

Abstract: An optical synchronization system uses a stationary binary diffractive optical element and a rotating disc with alternating binary diffractive optical elements and blocking elements to create a moire pattern of a synchronization signal for a pixel clock.

Abstract: A four color toner single pass color printing system consists generally of a raster output scanner (ROS) optical system and two tri-level xerographic units in tandem. Only two of the three subtractive primary colors of cyan, magenta and yellow are available for toner dot upon toner dot to combine to produce the additive primary colors. The resulting color printing system would be able to produce pixels of black and white and five of the six primary colors, with pixel next to pixel printing producing all but the strongest saturation of the sixth primary color, an additive primary color. The color printing system uses either four color toners or a black toner and three color toners.

Abstract: A pulsed imaging Raster Output Scanner utilizes pulse width modulation in conjunction with spatial filtering to form three exposure levels at the surface of a recording medium, one of the levels associated with a specific color.

Abstract: A four color toner single pass color printing system consists generally of a raster output scanner (ROS) optical system and a quad-level xerographic unit and a tri-level xerographic unit in tandem. The resulting color printing system would be able to produce pixels of black and white and all six primary colors. The color printing system uses a black toner and toners of the three subtractive primary colors or just toners of the three subtractive primary colors.

Abstract: A high density surface emitting semiconductor LED array comprises disordered regions extending through a second confinement layer, an active layer and partially extending through a first confinement layer to define light emitting areas therebetween the disordered regions. Individual contacts on the contact layer aligned with each emitting area inject current through the layers to a contact on a substrate causing emission of light from the active layer through the surface of the exposed first confinement layer in the substrate. The second confinement layer can be replaced with a DBR to form an enhanced LED array. Both confinement layers can be replaced with DBRs to form a laser array. A refractive semiconductor layer, fresnel lenses or a micro lens array can be used to optically modify the surface emitted light.

Abstract: A plurality of binary diffractive optic lenses are formed in the surface of one substrate and a corresponding plurality of recesses are formed in the surface of another substrate. The binary diffractive optic lenses on one substrate are aligned with the recesses on the other substrate and the two substrates are bonded together. A plurality of individual binary diffractive optic lens cover assemblies are obtained by dicing the two bonded substrates.

Abstract: A wobble correction lens for a raster output scanner combines a positive cross-scan plano-cylindrical lens, which provides most of the optical power for focusing the light beam to a scan line, with a diffractive surface, which corrects the cross-scan field curvature of the cross-scan plano-cylindrical lens. The diffractive surface will have a multi-level structure (binary diffractive optical surface) which possesses a diffractive phase function that will flatten the cross-scan field curvature of the plano-cylindrical lens.

Abstract: A plurality of binary diffractive optic lenses are formed within a corresponding plurality of recesses in the surface of one substrate. The substrate with the binary diffractive optic lenses in the recess are bonded to another flat substrate. A plurality of individual binary diffractive optic lens cover assemblies are obtained by dicing the two bonded substrates.

Abstract: An optical scanner has grease bearings between the rotor and the housing. The grease bearings are grooved which tends to pump the grease back into the bearing cups when the optical scanner is operating. The thixotropic property of the grease prevents its escape from the bearing cups when the optical scanner is not operating. The grease bearings can be frusto-conical or spherical in shape with complementary shaped bearing cups. The bearing cups, rather than the bearings, may be grooved. The bearing cups may also be stepped to provide a pumping region and a reservoir region for the grease. Pressure means within the scanner housing may force the bearing cups onto the grease bearing.

Abstract: The TIR modulator has an electrode array distributed across an area of the reflecting surface of the electro-optic material. The electrode array has interdigitated electrodes extending inward from a rectangular-shaped outer electrode conducting block and outward from a diamond-shaped inner electrode conducting block. A diamond-shaped area with no electrodes is preferably symmetrically within the inner electrode conducting block of the electrode array on the reflecting surface. The uniform voltage difference between the electrodes and the varying lengths of the electrodes creates a fringe electrical field in the electro-optical material and an optical phase grating to diffract the incident light on the reflecting surface. The zero order nondiffracted light becomes the output beam. The optical phase grating will control the incident beam's optical profile at the modulator (near field) and hence the imaged spot size at a focus at the image plane (far field).

Abstract: A quantum wire in a groove in a semiconductor layer emits coherent light in a semiconductor laser structure. Linear array, vertical array and two-dimensional array multiple quantum wire semiconductor laser structures are also embodiments of the quantum wire in a semiconductor layer groove. Optical waveguides and reverse bias junctions can also be formed with the quantum wire semiconductor laser structures.

Abstract: A reflective surface coating of dielectric material, such as silicon dioxide, with an optical thickness of 0.05 of the wavelengths of the incident linearly polarized coherent beam having an equal intensity in the S and P polarization will yield a uniform intensity across a range of angles of incidence. A reflective surface coating with an optical thickness of 0.40 of the wavelengths of the incident linearly polarized coherent beam in the S polarization will yield a uniform intensity across a range of angles of incidence.

Abstract: In situ removal of selected or patterned portions of quantum well layers is accomplished by photo induced evaporation enhancement to form quantum wire and multiple quantum wires in a semiconductor laser structure.

Abstract: A multiple wavelength semiconductor laser with two active layers separated by either a p-cladding layer of a p-n junction cladding layers. A p-disordered region and a n-disordered region extend through one of the active layers and into the intermediate cladding layer. A lateral waveguide is formed between the disordered regions in the active layer and a deep waveguide is formed beneath the p-disordered region in the other active layer. Since both active layers generate lightwaves at different wavelengths, forward-biasing the p-disordered region can cause either or both waveguides to emit radiation but at different wavelengths. The deep waveguide can also be a buried heterostructure laser.