Abstract: Hydrodenitrogenation of high nitrogen content hydrocarbon feeds comprises contacting the feed with hydrogen under hydrodenitrogenation conditions in the presence of a multiple catalyst system comprising an initial catalyst of apparent higher order reaction kinetics and lower rate constant for hydrodenitrogenation followed by at least one subsequent catalyst of apparent lower order reaction kinetics and higher rate constant for hydrodenitrogenation.

Abstract: There is provided a catalytic composition which comprises a crystalline chromosilicate and a porous refractory inorganic oxide, said chromosilicate and said inorganic oxide having been intimately admixed with one another, said chromosilicate comprising a molecular sieve material providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O,wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is within the range of about 4 to about 200, and Z is a value within the range of 0 to about 160. There is also provided a method for preparing such a catalytic composition.There is provided a process for the conversion of a hydrocarbon stream, which process comprises contacting said stream at conversion conditions with the above catalytic composition.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas by an absorbent comprising at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium in association with yttrium or yttrium combined with at least one free or combined rare earth metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, wherein the ratio by weight of inorganic oxide or oxides to yttrium or yttrium combined with a rare earth metal or metals is from about 0.1 to about 30,000. Absorbed sulfur oxides are recovered as a sulfur-containing gas by contacting the spent absorbent with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrocarbon cracking catalyst at a temperature from about 375.degree. to about 900.degree. C. The absorbent can be circulated through a fluidized catalytic cracking process together with the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from the regeneration zone thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a catalytic composition which comprises a mixture of a crystalline chromosilicate and an oxide of chromium, said catalytic composition providing a specific X-ray diffraction pattern and having the following composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides:0.9.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 :YSiO.sub.2 :ZH.sub.2 O,wherein M is at least one cation having a valence of n, Y is a value within the range of about 4 to about 500, and Z is a value within the range of about 0 to about 160. There is also provided a method for preparing such a catalytic composition.There is provided a process for the conversion of a hydrocarbon stream which comprises contacting said stream at conversion conditions with the above catalytic composition. In addition, there is provided a process for the isomerization of a xylene feed which comprises contacting said feed at isomerization conditions with the above catalytic composition.

Abstract: Process for the concurrent synthesis of benzophenone, anthraquinone, and o-dibenzoylbenzene by pyrolysis of benzoic acid salts of yttrium, erbium, and dysprosium and mixtures thereof at temperatures of from about 200.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. and a pressure of about 0.1 to about 100 atmospheres. In an alternative method, a benzoic acid compound is passed through an oxide of yttrium, erbium, dysprosium and mixtures thereof in the presence of steam.

Abstract: A heating and drying process for dedusting heavy oil derived from solid hydrocarbon-containing material, such as oil shale, coal or tar sand, without the use of diluents, solvents, chemical additives or mechanical separators, such as centrifuges and filters. In the process, heavy oil is fed to a dryer, such as a screw conveyor dryer or fluid bed dryer, and separated into a dedusted stream of oil and a powdery, dust-enriched residual stream. Preferably, heavy oil residue in the residual stream is combusted to leave a spent stream for use as heat carrier material in both the dryer and retort.

Abstract: Solid heat carrier material and solid hydrocarbon-containing material, such as oil shale, tar sands or coal, are deflected be conical baffles into radially moving fluid beds which alternately flow radially outwardly and inwardly over a series of trays and downwardly into a series of peripheral and axial downcomers for a sufficient residence time to liberate hydrocarbons from the solid hydrocarbon-containing material. A fluidizing gas is injected upwardly into the beds to mix and fluidize most of the solids in the beds as well as to strip and transport the liberated hydrocarbons away from the beds for further processing downstream. Upright annular baffles can be positioned in the beds to minimize radial backmixing of solids and can also extend above the surface of the beds to minimize wave propagation. Any unfluidized coarse particles can be moved downwardly at an angle of inclination by gravity flow and jet deflectors.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of wax esters from saturated hydrocarbons by the metabolic action of microorganisms. These wax esters contain either 0, 1 or 2 internally located carbon-carbon double bonds, with no more than 1 carbon-carbon double bond being in the fatty acid or the fatty alcohol segments. These wax esters are chemically similar to the wax esters of sperm whale oil and jojoba oil, and are useful as lubricants and lubricant additives, for example. They also are a ready source of industrially important mono-ene fatty acids and fatty alcohols, when saponified.

Abstract: A fluid bed process and system for retorting hydrocarbon-containing material, such as oil shale, coal and tar sand, in which hydrocarbon-containing material and heat carrier material are fed into a mixing chamber, mixed and rapidly transported upwardly by a lift gas through a lift pipe into a solids-containing vessel to retort the hydrocarbon-containing material with minimal thermal cracking of the liberated hydrocarbons to increase the recovery of condensable hydrocarbons. The retorted material can be conveyed to a dilute phase lift pipe and combustor vessel where carbon residue in the retorted material is combusted leaving hot spent material that can be fed into the mixing chamber as heat carrier material.

Abstract: An apparatus for the fluidized catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The apparatus accomplishes the separate and simultaneous contacting of two fluid streams, at least one of which is a hydrocarbon feedstock, with cracking catalyst followed by the removal of the vaporous products therefrom with minimal commingling. The apparatus comprises multiple riser reactors, a partition positioned in the disengaging vessel separating the dilute phase into two regions, and a control system for controlling the direction and volume of flow between the two dilute phase regions at a desired point. The apparatus is particularly suitable for use in the simultaneous fluidized catalytic cracking of dissimilar hydrocarbon feedstocks with minimal commingling of the products therefrom.

Abstract: Terephthalic acid is electrochemically reduced to p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde content is decreased by a process in a two-compartment electrolysis cell in which (a) the cathode is solid and metal with a mercury amalgam surface and with a hydrogen overvoltage which is greater than the potential for the reduction of terephthalic acid to p-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid, (b) the separating diaphragm is a cation exchange membrane, (c) the catholyte comprises a solution of terephthalic acid, ammonia, an ammonium salt and a soluble salt of mercury, (d) the temperature of the catholyte is between 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., (e) the current density is within the range of 1 to 200 A/dm.sup.

Abstract: Injection moldable amide-imide homopolymers and copolymers containing metal oxides capable of forming hydrates stable at temperatures in excess of 500.degree. F. These amide-imides are useful in engineering plastics applications.

Abstract: A method of producing a nonwoven fabric from a web of fibers, said fibers being substantially nonreactive to microwave energy, comprising applying a microwave reactive material to fibers in said web, subjecting the web to microwave energy at a temperature and for a time to heat said microwave reactive material sufficiently to cause bonding at at least some of the fiber intersections in said web thereby producing a nonwoven web. The resulting nonwoven fabric has a number of uses and is especially suitable as primary carpet backing.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalyst, which catalyst comprises a physical particle-form mixture of a Component A and a Component B, said Component A comprising one or more Group VIII noble metals and a combined halogen deposed on a refractory inorganic oxide and said Component B comprising a metal from Group IVB or Group VB of the Periodic Table of Elements and a combined halogen deposed on a refractory inorganic oxide. Such catalyst is suitable for use in a hydrocarbon conversion reaction zone.The catalyst can be employed in a process for the reforming of a hydrocarbon stream, which process comprises contacting said stream in a reaction zone under reforming conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with said catalyst. The catalyst is not presulfided. A preferred process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream that contains a substantial amount of sulfur.

Abstract: A propylene polymerization catalyst comprises (a) a titanium-containing component formed by reducing titanium tetrachloride with an aluminum alkyl, optionally contacting the resulting reduced solid with a pretreatment amount of alpha-olefin monomer under polymerization conditions, and reacting the resulting product with a Lewis base complexing agent and additional titanium tetrachloride, and (b) an alkyl aluminum halide having a halogen/aluminum atomic ratio between 0.89 and 0.98 and preferably between 0.92 and 0.98.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,4-phenylenediamine from 1,4-dihydroxybenzene at a temperature within the range of from about 300.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure of from atmospheric to 3000 psig in the presence of an aminating agent, an inert hydrocarbon and an acidic alumina catalyst. p-Aminophenol can be aminated to 1,4-phenylenediamine with the same process.

Abstract: A rubber composition containing a phyllosilicate mineral filler is disclosed.

Abstract: Incorporation of above about 50 ppm alcohol or ether into feed of a hydrocarbon conversion process using an AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate-based catalyst alters the product distribution produced in such process.

Abstract: Shaped catalyst which can be prepared by use of steam.

Abstract: N,N-disubstituted organic nitroxides are highly effective ignition improvers for diesel fuels.