Abstract: A process for the production of a substituted alpha, beta dicarboxylic acid compound substantially free of tar and other resinous reaction byproducts comprising the reaction of an ethylenically unsaturated long chain compound having at least 10 carbon atoms and an ethylenically unsaturated alpha, beta dicarboxylic acid compound at conditions favoring the ENE reaction in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum halide.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for the retorting of oil shale comprising passing feed comprising oil shale to a contacting zone wherein the feed oil shale is contacted with heat transfer medium to heat said shale to retorting temperature. Retorting of the feed oil shale is substantially effected to form fluid material having heating value and forming partially spent oil shale comprising inorganic and carbonaceous material. At least a portion of the partially spent oil shale is passed to a combustion zone wherein the partially spent oil shale is contacted with oxidizing gas comprising oxygen to substantially combust carbonaceous material and forming spent oil shale. At least a portion of the spent shale is passed to a cooling zone to remove heat from the spent shale and at least a portion of the spent shale from the cooling zone is recycled to the contacting zone.

Abstract: A method for preparing synthetic cristobalite comprises (1) preparing a mixture containing sources for an oxide of silicon and for an oxide of boron, a base of an alkali or alkaline earth metal or precursor of such base, a polyhydric alcohol, and water; and (2) maintaining the mixture at suitable reaction conditions to effect formulation of the cristobalite, said reaction conditions comprising a reaction temperature within the range of about 30.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C., a pressure of at least the vapor pressure of water at the reaction temperature, and a reaction time that is sufficient to effect crystallization.

Abstract: A catalyst support is prepared from a composite comprising alumina and one or more oxides of phosphorous by forming the composite into a shaped support material having at least 0.8 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters of 0 nm (0 A) to 120 nm (1,200 A) and at least 0.1 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters of 120 nm (1,200 A) to 5,000 nm (50,000 A) and heating said shaped support material in the presence of steam at sufficient elevated temperature, steam pressure, and time period to increase the average pore diameter of said shaped support in the absence of any appreciable reduction in pore volume.A catalyst is prepared by impregnating the steam-treated support with at least one hydrogenating metal.The catalyst can be used suitably in hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as a process for the hydrodemetallization of a hydrocarbon stream containing asphaltenes and a substantial amount of metals.

Abstract: An apparatus for the fluidized catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprises a riser reactor and a collar positioned along the same axis as the downstream end of the riser reactor. The collar is further positioned in close proximity to, but not in contact with, the riser reactor such that an annular space is defined between the riser reactor and the collar. The collar has a diameter greater than the diameter of the riser reactor at its downstream end and communicates directly and laterally with the inlets of the cyclone separation system. The riser reactor may or may not include a flow reversal cap to redirect the flow of the hydrocarbons and the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a purified terephthalic acid which comprises reacting in a liquid phase a mixture of hydrogen and crude terephthalic acid, a palladium/rhodium catalyst on a porous carbonaceous support wherein the catalyst compound is prepared by adsorbing palladium on the support from a complex salt formed in the presence of an amine and acetic acid, followed by deposition of rhodium from a solution of sodium hexanitritorhodate.

Abstract: A solid mixture of aldehydo-, keto-, carboxy-, carboxy-and-aldehydo-, and keto-and-carboxy-substituted benzene and toluene especially as obtained as residue from the manufacture of benzene di- and tricarboxylic acid is continuously subjected to pyrolysis at a temperature above 700.degree. C. with the production of a gaseous product and no substantial production of a solid carbonaceous char by adding such mixture as a suspension of comminuted solid in liquid water, but without an externally added catalyst, to a bed of inert, moving solids whose movement is stimulated by a gas flowing through said bed to fluidize, expand or make ebullient said bed of particles. Said gaseous product comprises hydrogen, carbon oxides, methane, benzene and toluene enriched in hydrogen and carbon dioxide content by the reaction of carbon and steam from the suspending liquid water thus substantially consuming the carbonaceous char which would otherwise be produced as a solid product.

Abstract: Novel polyimides, copolyimides and molding compositions are prepared from novel dianhydrides such as tricyclo[6.4.0.0.sup.2,7 ] dodecane-3,6-diphenyl-1,8,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and tricyclo-[6.4.0.0.sup.2,7 ] dodecane-1,8,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. The novel polyimides are useful as engineering plastics. The novel dianhydrides are useful for the preparation of the polyimides. Other dianhydrides can be mixed with our novel dianhydrides to make novel copolyimides useful as engineering plastics.

Abstract: Novel polyamides and copolyamides are prepared from 1,2-di(p-aminophenoxy) ethane and diacids or mixtures of 1,2-di(p-aminophenoxy) ethane and other diamines and diacids. These polyamides and copolyamides are useful as molded objects, fiber, films, laminate and coating.

Abstract: A method for treating a phyllosilicate mineral by grinding a slurry of particles of the mineral in an organic medium and the product formed thereby are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for treating a phyllosilicate mineral by grinding a slurry of particles of the mineral in an organic medium and the product formed thereby are disclosed.

Abstract: Dispersant viscosity index improvers comprise the reaction product of an aliphatic alcohol or mixtures thereof, a tertiary amino alcohol and a styrene maleic anhydride copolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel polyimides-polyamides and copolyimides-polyamides prepared from the novel nonaromatic dianhydrides or mixtures of these with other dianhydrides. Tricyclo [4.2.1.0.sup.2,5 ] nonane-3,4-dimethyl-3,4,7,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (I). I is used to prepare novel polyimides-polyamides which are useful in preparing molded articles, fibers, laminates and coatings.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved hydrocarbon lubricating oil compositions. More particularly this invention relates to hydrocarbon oil compositions which possess improved oxidation inhibition properties through the presence of a new additive functioning as an antioxidant or as an antioxidant catalyst which acts as a chain terminating species for oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Crystalline aluminosilicate molecular sieves are formed by (1) forming an aqueous mixture of an oxide of aluminum, an oxide of silicon, a metal or ammonium cation and 2-aminopyridine organic template compound, (2) maintaining the pH of such mixture between about 9 and 13.5, and (3) crystallizing the mixture.

Abstract: A process for recovering a metal in its elemental state from an oxide or salt of the metal comprising passing the metal oxide or salt and a reducing gas concurrently downward through a packed bed at a temperature above the melting point of the metal in its elemental state.

Abstract: Novel rust inhibitors for hydrocarbon fuels and oils are provided. Also, novel photo-adducts of dimethylmaleic anhydride and olefins useful as rust inhibitors.

Abstract: Novel zinc N,N'-alkenylsuccinoyl dipyridyl succinate is prepared by the novel reaction between an alkenylsuccinic anhydride, pyridine and zinc catalyzed by zinc chloride in pyridine reaction solvent. The novel zinc salt is useful to inhibit oxidation of hydrocarbon distillates and lubricant oils.

Abstract: An improved two-step catalytic neat oxidation of liquid xylene is provided wherein there is no separation of oxidation products from the first oxidation step nor minimum limitation imposed on the liquid o-xylene concentration entering the second step according to the prior two-step oxidations of o-xylene. Rather the first step is conducted under conditions such that the liquid effluent from the first step contains from 6 up to 30 weight percent liquid o-xylene and from 8 up to 40 weight percent o-phthalic acid and such effluent is directly oxidized with air in the second step. By such improved two-step oxidation there is obtained a liquid product containing o-phthalic acid in yields of up to 85-87% of the theoretical yield and also containing impurities separable from o-phthalic acid after it has been converted to its anhydride in vapor form and the anhydride vapors are separated from water vapor.

Abstract: A propylene polymerization catalyst is formed by incorporation into a catalytic mixture, comprising a transition metal compound and an organoaluminum compound, effective amounts of Group Va or Group VII oxygen mineral acids whereby the amount of n-hexane-soluble polymeric product is decreased.