Abstract: A coating method for a substrate defining a deposition region and an optional uncoated region, wherein the deposition region includes an intermediate region disposed between a first end region and a second end region, the method composed of: (a) dip coating a first layer of a coating solution including a liquid medium and a coating material only over the first end region; and (b) dip coating a second layer of the coating solution over the first layer, the intermediate region, and the second end region in the recited sequence.

Abstract: An apparatus including: (a) a vessel for a solution having a bottom end and an open top end, and defining a vertical axis perpendicular to the bottom end; (b) an insert device having a bottom surface and a top surface and nested within the vessel, wherein the insert device defines a passageway dimensioned for a substrate which is parallel to the vertical axis and extending through the insert device, and wherein the insert device also defines at least one bypass channel extending through the insert to allow solution within the vessel to flow to the top surface of the insert device; and (c) an overflow container positioned adjacent the vessel to catch solution runoff from the top surface of the insert device.

Abstract: A draft shield apparatus having a longitudinal axis including: an open upper end section defining a substrate entry end, an open lower end section defining a substrate exit end, and a central section between the upper end section and the lower end section, the apparatus defining a passageway which extends through the upper end section, the central section, and the lower end section along the longitudinal axis to result in an upper end section inner surface, a central section inner surface, and a lower end section inner surface, wherein the passageway has a width sufficiently large to permit movement of at least a portion of a substrate through the apparatus; wherein the upper end section inner surface is inclined towards the longitudinal axis, wherein the lower end section inner surface is inclined towards the longitudinal axis and the lower end section inner surface extends into the passageway such that the width of the substrate exit end is smaller than the width of the substrate entry end.

Abstract: A process including: (a) creating an electrolytic cell composed of a metal surface as a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the metal surface has a plurality of metal fibers connected to the metal surface; and (b) treating electrochemically the metal surface with externally supplied power to the electrolytic cell to sever a number of the metal fibers from the metal surface to result in severed metal fiber fragments unconnected with the metal surface.

Abstract: A coating method for a hollow substrate including: (a) forming a seamed extended substrate unit composed of a substrate extension device and the substrate, and employing a chuck assembly to internally grip the substrate; (b) dip coating the extended substrate unit while the chuck assembly internally grips the substrate to deposit a layer first on the substrate extension device and then on the substrate; and (c) separating, subsequent to the dip coating the extended substrate unit, the substrate extension device from the substrate.

Abstract: A process including: creating a galvanic cell composed of a substrate as an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the substrate includes a metal surface having a plurality of metal fibers connected to the metal surface, wherein the cathode is selected to be more noble than the metal surface resulting in the anode being the working electrode, wherein the galvanic cell spontaneously electrochemically treats the metal surface in the absence of power externally supplied to the galvanic cell; and allowing the spontaneous electrochemical treatment of the metal surface to continue for a time sufficient to sever a number of the metal fibers from the metal surface to result in severed metal fiber fragments unconnected with the metal surface.

Abstract: A composition including: a plurality of microcapsules each including one to five particles in a liquid droplet, and a complex coacervation induced shell encapsulating the liquid droplet and the one to five particles.

Abstract: An encapsulation process including: (a) forming an emulsion composed of a continuous phase comprising a first liquid, a cationic material, and an anionic material, and a disperse phase composed of a plurality of droplets of a second liquid, wherein a number of the droplets includes therein one to five particles; and (b) inducing complex coacervation of the cationic material and the anionic material to form a shell around each of the droplets.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: a charge transport layer; a top charge generating layer sensitive to a first light wavelength; a bottom charge generating layer sensitive to a second light wavelength; and a substrate, wherein the charge transport layer is positioned anywhere above the substrate, wherein the photoreceptor exhibits in response to exposure by the first light wavelength a first photodischarge curve having a first residual voltage and the photoreceptor exhibits in response to exposure by the second light wavelength a second photodischarge curve having a second residual voltage.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for reusing a fuser member containing an outer layer having an original fusing surface that is deficient including: removing a portion of the thickness of the outer layer including the original fusing surface to create on the remaining outer layer a new fusing surface.

Abstract: A method for improving the quality of a dip coated layer that is deposited by flowing a solution along a substrate in a gap between the substrate and a wall, including: (a) determining a yield stress, a viscosity, a density, and a surface tension of the solution, and selecting a wet thickness of the coated layer; (b) determining a coating speed based on the determined viscosity, the determined density, the determined surface tension of the solution, and the selected wet layer thickness; and (c) selecting a distance for the gap and calculating the shear stress of the solution in the gap based on the gap distance, wherein the shear stress is greater than the yield stress.

Abstract: An electrical component including: a plurality of long fibers and a matrix, wherein at least one of the fibers is electrically conductive, wherein the plurality of long fibers includes a first fiber group extending in a manner generally parallel to a first axis, and a second fiber group extending in a manner generally parallel to a different second axis.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge blocking layer including n-type particles and a linear phenolic binder composition; and (c) an imaging layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge blocking layer including a plurality of light scattering particles dispersed in a binder, wherein the light scattering particles are composed of a core and a coating over the core, wherein the difference between the coating and the binder refractive index values is greater than the difference between the core and the binder refractive index values; and (c) an imaging layer.

Abstract: A composition including: a polymeric compound including a polyvinyl butyral moiety, an optional polyvinyl alcohol moiety, an optional polyvinyl acetate moiety, and a modified polyvinyl moiety of the formula where R is an organic substituent, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol moiety has a hydroxyl content that ranges from 0% to about 5% by weight when —OR is an acetate.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member including: (a) a substrate; (b) a layer including a vinyl acetate composition; and (c) an imaging layer.

Abstract: An electrostatographic printing machine that includes an erase light source that reduces the quantity of charges on the photoreceptor surface and a reconditioning light source that reduces both the quantity of the trapped charges and the variation in the quantity of the trapped charges among the different portions of the image area.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for depositing layered material onto a substrate including a layer formed from a coating solution, wherein the method comprises: (a) cleaning the substrate by dipping the substrate into and raising the substrate from a cleaning solvent selected from the group consisting of (i) a mixture comprising an alcohol and an alkane; and (ii) a liquid compatible with the coating solution; and (b) dipping the substrate subsequent to (a) into and raising the substrate from the coating solution, thereby depositing the layer on the substrate, wherein when the cleaning solvent is the liquid compatible with the coating solution, any cleaning solvent present on the substrate upon the dipping of the substrate into the coating solution fails to detrimentally affect the layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge generating layer including a binder, a n-type charge generating material, and a plurality of needle shaped n-type particles; and (c) a charge transport layer, wherein the charge generating layer and the charge transport layer are in any sequence over the substrate.

Abstract: An electrical component including a plurality of electrically conductive fibers in a matrix, wherein the matrix is prepared from a composition including a methyl methacrylate monomer and a modified bisphenol monomer, wherein the electrical component has a region at least substantially free of the matrix to provide a plurality of electrical contact points.