Abstract: A catalyst bed for conducting exothermal reactions between gases and/or other fluids is disclosed. The catalyst bed includes at least two cooling elements arranged in parallel relationship with each other. A space is thereby defined between the two cooling elements, and one opening at each opposite end of the cooling elements is also defined by the arrangement of cooling elements. The space created is adapted to receive a catalyst mass through either of the openings. The cooling elements cool the gases and/or other fluids, as well as the catalyst mass to keep the reaction temperature low enough to maintain a desired state of equilibrium.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor in which the gases flowing tangentially through a pipe from the upper part of the reactor chamber to a cyclone separator are discharged through a discharge pipe of the separator. The discharge pipe is arranged to go through the bottom of the cylindrical vortex chamber. The separated solids flow through the return pipe to the lower part of the reactor chamber. The discharge end of the return pipe is disposed inside the lower fluidized bed zone being formed on the bottom of the reactor chamber.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor in which the gases flowing tangentially through a pipe from the upper part of the reactor chamber to a cyclone separator are discharged through a discharge pipe of the separator. The bottom of the cylindrical vortex chamber of the separator is substantially planar and inclined towards the fluidized bed reactor in one embodiment, and conical in another embodiment. The separated solids flow through the return pipe to the lower part of the reactor chamber. The discharge end of the return pipe is disposed inside the lower fluidized bed zone being formed on the bottom of the reactor chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for fiberizing and screening of fibrous material, which comprises of a rotating drum (1) the drum wall (2) of which consists of a non-perforated (7) and a perforated (8) part. The non-perforated part in the inlet end of the drum is separated from the perforated part in the outlet end of the drum by means of a partition wall (9) having an opening (10). The height (h) of the partition wall varies so that a periodical overflow is achieved when the drum rotates.

Abstract: Cellulose pulp or recycled paper is defiberized, screened and pumped. Initial defiberizing, separation of non-disintegrated material, final defiberizing and pumping of the defiberized pulp are performed at a consistency of 6 to 18%, preferably 8 to 12%. Preferably all operations are performed at the same consistency. A defiberizing rotor is disposed in front of an impeller in the inlet of a centrifugal pump. A screen plate is mounted close to the defiberizing rotor. Defiberizing elements are arranged on the other side of the screen plate to move close to the screen surface.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for detection of knots in lumber by means of microwave radiation. Radiation from a transmitter is directed toward a piece of lumber and the radiation reflected from and/or passed through the piece of lumber is detected by means of a receiver. A radiation field having a TEM wave mode is established on the surface of the piece of lumber by means of a transmitter, whereby a radiation field which includes a TM wave mode component is generated in a knot in the piece of lumber and this is detected by means of a receiver.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump for liquids containing solid material, the impeller of which has two or several vanes. In a bottom projection the leading edge (3) of the impeller (1) vane (2) is curved backwards in relation to the rotating direction of the impeller. The angle between the leading edge (3) and the outer edge (5) is obtuse in a meridian and a bottom projection. The outer end (10) of the leading edge of the vane is positioned behind a shoulder (9) provided with grooves (11), which cooperates with the vanes of the impeller. The form of the leading edge causes the fibres and the sticks to be conveyed towards the point of the vane where they are crushed by the combined effect of the groove and the vanes.

Abstract: A process for washing fibre stock. The fibre stock is described is passed along a passage 14 from a stock inlet 15 to a stock outlet 16. The passage is defined by a portion of the inner surface of a substantially horizontal cylindrical screen 4, preferably a wire gauze. Washing liquid such as water is introduced into the passage, preferably by means of apertures 9 in a longitudinally extending hollow member 8. Effluent liquid passes through the screen, for extraction e.g. through outlets 24 and 25.To enable the washing of stock of high consistency e.g. up to 8%, while avoiding plugging of the screen 4, the arrangement is such that the stock only partially fills the cylindrical screen and is subjected to a tumbling action by the rotary movement of the cylindrical screen as the stock moves along the passage 14 to the stock outlet 16. The hollow member 8 is displaced downwardly from the axis of the cylindrical screen, so as to be positioned within the tumbling stock.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for washing fibre stock. The fibre stock is passed along a passage 14 from a stock inlet 15 to a stock outlet 16. The passage is defined by a portion of the inner surface of a substantially horizontal cylindrical screen 4, preferably a wire gauze. Washing liquid such as water is introduced into the passage, preferably by means of apertures 9 in a longitudinally extending hollow member 8. Effluent liquid passes through the screen, for extraction e.g. through outlets 24 and 25. To enable the washing of stock of high consistency e.g. up to 8%, while avoiding plugging of the screen 4, the arrangement is such that the stock only partially fills the cylindrical screen and is subjected to a tumbling action by the rotary movement of the cylindrical screen as the stock moves along the passage 14 to the stock outlet 16. The hollow member 8 is displaced downwardly from the axis of the cylindrical screen, so as to be positioned within the tumbling stock.

Abstract: An apparatus for affecting a web drained on a wire, comprising a lower wire which runs as an endless loop; disposed transverse members which supporting the lower wire, disposed at a distance from each other; an upper wire which runs as an endless loop and presses the web formed on the lower wire in the area between the supporting members. Inside the upper wire loop there is disposed a dewatering shoe which is in contact with the upper wire, and a roll which together with the dewatering shoe form a flow channel for leading upwards the water pressed out.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a web wherein a fiber suspension from a head box is fed on a section of a forming wire formed by a first, substantially horizontal dewatering zone, and where the web being formed is thereafter led to a second dewatering zone where an upper wire is caused to cover said web, and both wires together with the web between them are led over a turning member. In the twin wire dewatering zone the wires bend upwards. After the turning member the web runs further linearly between the wires obliquely upwards. The web and the lower wire run around a pick-up suction roll and the upper wire leaves the web. The dewatering in the dewatering zones occurs only in one direction, i.e. through the forming wire.

Abstract: The outer walls of the beams of a papermachine headbox are heated by means of heat transferred from the stock to a temperature equal to that of the inner walls in contact with the stock. This is preferably carried out so that the liquid which is circulated in a closed liquid circulation through liquid spaces adjoining the outer walls, is caused to be in indirect heat transfer contact with the stock.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for packaging paper rolls (2), wherein a wrapper sheet (1) of such a size as to exceed the axial length of the roll is wrapped around the roll and the width of the wrapper sheet is reduced to a size corresponding to the length of the roll by removing the part (5, 6) of the wrapper sheet which extends over the ends of the roll. The header sheet (14, 15) which is bigger than the end surface of the roll, is placed on the ends of the roll and reduced to a size corresponding to the diameter of the roll or smaller by removing at least the part of the header sheet extending over the end surface. Thereafter the header (14, 15) and the wrapper (25) are secured to each other so that a tight joint is formed.

Abstract: A method for keeping the heating surfaces in the final thickener (VI), which is divided into several sections (A,B,C), clean in evaporating waste liquors in pulping processes for recovering the cooking chemicals. Chemical solutions e.g. residual products from other processes as tall oil separation and chlorine dioxide production are added to cover the chemical losses. According to the invention the chemical solutions are supplied to those sections of the final thickener which are at the time not being washed with thick waste liquor from the preceding evaporator (II).

Abstract: A screen plate with grooves is described. The grooves are provided at the bottom with perforations. The direction of the grooves substantially deviates from the flow direction of the pulp to be screened. By different inclination of the side planes of the grooves the turbulance force on the pulp can be varied to meet the different needs of various screening applications.

Abstract: A two-piece box consisting of a mantle-like outer part and, disposed inside the outer part, an inner part intended to be entirely or partly pulled out from the outer part and wherein the inner part and the outer part are attached to each other by means of a tear strip. The box is formed by folding the blank of the inner part and the blank of the outer part successively along the longitudinal fold lines of the box in the same direction. The tear strip is shorter than the longitudinal fold lines of the box. In the attachment flap of the outer part there is a slot in front of the tear strip so that the inner part and the outer part can be detached from each other without breaking the joint between the attachment flap and the side panel.

Abstract: A two-piece box consisting of a mantle-like outer part and, disposed inside the outer part, an inner part intended to be entirely or partly pulled out from the outer part and wherein the inner part and the outer part are attached to each other by means of a tear strip. The box is formed by folding the blank of the inner part and the blank of the outer part successively along the longitudinal fold lines of the box in the same direction. The tear strip is shorter than the longitudinal fold lines of the box. In the attachment flap of the outer part there is a slot in front of the tear strip so that the inner part and the outer part can be detached from each other without breaking the joint between the attachment flap and the side panel.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a fibrous material, e.g. for fiberizing and screening of waste paper, comprises a rotating drum which is provided with at least one partially perforated mantle and is divided into consecutive treating zones by means of a partition wall or walls. In connection with the partition wall there is provided a lifting structure which has an adjustable lifting capacity for transporting the material to be treated to the next treating zone through an opening in the partition wall.

Abstract: A reactor for the anaerobic digestion of organic sludge and for the production of methane gas, comprises an essentially horizontal cylindrical vessel provided with an agitator rotating around an essentially horizontal shaft, an inlet for introducing the sludge to be digested at one end of said vessel, at its opposite end an outlet for removing the digested matter from the vessel and in the upper portion of the vessel an outlet/outlets for the recovery of methane gas. For returning the solids settled on the bottom of the vessel from the outlet end of the vessel to the inlet end of the vessel, the vessel comprises a channel connecting the outlet end of the vessel with the inlet end of the vessel and a device for guiding the solids to the front of the return channel and for their transport through the return channel by means of gas.