Abstract: The present invention relates to a core made of cardboard or other such material. The core is covered with hot melt glue so that the end of a web of material to be wound on it can be secured to it. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the core in a helical winding machine, a method of using the core for winding a web of material and an apparatus for using the core for winding webs of material. The web of material is secured to the core by heating the glue up to its melting point and pressing the web against the core.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor which is capable of burning material containing incombustible matter which during operation accumulates in the form of large particles in the lower part of the reactor, is provided. A discharge system which causes coarse particles to be discharged in a continuous manner without discharging fine particles or combustible matter is provided. The discharge means comprises a discharge compartment connected to an outlet of the distributor plate of the reactor. An upward flow pipe is centrally disposed in the discharge compartment. Air is supplied to the lower part of the discharge compartment. Coarse particles are withdrawn from the discharge compartment through a discharge pipe. Fine particles are blown back to the reactor through the upward flow pipe.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor where material from a prereactor is brought into contact with hot particles separated from flue gases. The particles when removed from the flue gases by a separator are passed to a prereactor having a gas supply and vapor removal port where the hot particles are mixed with fresh feed material and the mixture is passed to the fluidized bed reactor for chemical and/or thermal treatment.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the location of a piece of timber having a flat top surface and two unfinished side surfaces or determining the width and location of its flat top surface is described. The piece of timber is subjected to radiation in such a manner that the top surfaces and the side surfaces are simultaneously subjected to radiation of different wave length. Light may be used as the source of radiation and rays of different wave length are reflected from the piece of timber and are separately detected by means of a light sensitive element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pumping gaseous liquids in a centrifugal pump having a rotary impeller with an opening through the impeller. Liquid flowing into the pump is divided into two fluid streams at the impeller, one stream being the radial flow to the high pressure discharge part and the other stream containing the greater part of the gaseous component and directed to flow through the impeller opening. The impeller has surfaces that extend into this opening to positively drive therethrough the gaseous component stream.

Abstract: A screen drum and a method for its manufacture is disclosed wherein the screen drum comprises at least two cylindrical screen members spaced apart, between which a stiffening ring is disposed. The stiffening ring has two cylindrical surfaces which guide the ends of the cylindrical screen members, and a projecting part between them. The cylindrical screen members and the stiffening ring are attached to each other by a weld joint connecting the projecting part of the stiffening ring and the ends of the cylindrical screen members and filling the gap between them.

Abstract: A method of treating materials in a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the material to be treated is brought into contact with hot particles removed from the flue gases coming from the fluidized bed reactor to bring about chemical and/or thermal reactions in the material before it is introduced into the fluidized bed reactor together with recycled particles. Useful components may be recovered in the form of gases, solids or liquids in connection with this treatment.