Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a biofuel from a vegetable-based biomaterial by performing the manufacture in an integrated manner, in such a way that the biomaterial is made finer and dried with the aid of heat brought from a heat-releasing process, when the drying is finally performed after the finer making stage, optionally in such a way that drying is started already in connection with finer making. The invention also relates to a biofuel manufactured in this manner and the use of the fuel in question.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cellulose-based shaped article. The method comprises subjecting a solution of lignocellulosic material, dissolved in a distillable ionic liquid, to a spinning method, wherein the ionic liquid is a diazabicyclononene (DBN)-based ionic liquid. DBN-based ionic liquids have good dissolution power, high thermal and chemical stability, lack runaway reactions and exhibit low energy consumption, due to low spinning temperatures. The shaped cellulose articles can be used as textile fibers, high-end non-woven fibers, technical fibers, films for packaging, and barriers films in batteries, as membranes and as carbon-fiber precursors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and tools for manufacturing of seamless tubular shapes, especially tubes and canisters. In the method of the invention the tubular shape is extracted from the flash (1) continuously produced during the plunging of a consumable rod (2) against a rigid anvil (3). The tools of the invention include a consumable rod (2); a non-consumable or consumable rigid anvil (3); first means for rotating the consumable rod (2) and the non-consumable or consumable rigid anvil (3) relatively with respect of each other; second means for plunging the consumable rod (2) and the non-consumable or consumable rigid anvil (3) relatively against each other; open die condition configuration for continuous production of flash (1) during said plunging.

Abstract: A controlling of a lighting network based on traffic monitoring comprises steps of determining plurality of coverage areas of set of luminaires, where each luminaire comprises at least one light source. Information related to a presence of users in said coverage areas is received. This may relate both outdoor or indoor areas and activity. A status of at least certain luminaire is then changed to a reserve status, when a last detected user exits the coverage area. Each coverage area or luminaire is providing with an expected value for the time of when the next user is expected to arrive in the coverage area of said luminaire, A set of luminaires [R] of said luminaires with the reserve status to be controlled, such as dimmed, is then defined and information related to demand response requests [D1, . . . , Dn] of an electric power grid is received.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to aqueous all-copper redox flow batteries. This battery comprises at least one first and second half-cell compartments including the first and second aqueous electrolyte solutions comprising a copper compound and supporting electrolytes and a first and second electrodes. The battery further comprises external storage tanks for the electrolytes residing outside of the half-cell compartments, and means for circulating the electrolytes to and from the half-cells. There is a separator between the first and the second half-cell, and the half-cells of this battery are configured to conduct oxidation and reduction reactions for charging and discharging the battery.

Abstract: A method and device for non-invasive monitoring of the temperature of the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium inside the eye, particularly during heating of the bottom of the eye, wherein alternating probing short-duration pulses of light, one at wavelength close to the absorption maximum of the photoreceptor cell type and the other at wavelength in the near-infrared region, are directed at the retinal tissue at appropriate time intervals. Photoreceptor cell electrical signals, photoresponses, are recorded using electroretinography (ERG) and the changes in retinal temperature are determined from changes in photoresponse kinetics and changes in photoreceptor sensitivity to the stimuli. The method is especially applicable at temperatures up to 45° C. for humans and for other animals.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of preparing a film of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) on at least one surface of a support material, wherein the film is applied and spread directly onto a surface of the plastic support material in the form of a suspension of nanofibrillated cellulose, whereby the nanofibrillated cellulose forms a film. Further, the invention concerns a structure containing or consisting of a film of nanofibrillated cellulose prepared using said method.

Abstract: An adaptive hydraulic pressure generator is provided for systems in which the mechanical force producing energy varies significantly, especially for wave energy systems. The pressure generator includes at least two fluid chambers with a piston surface/displacement surface arranged to reciprocate with the fluid chamber, whereby the piston surface/displacement surface acts on the fluid in the chamber by means of the said mutual reciprocating movement. The pressure generator is equipped with a control system which is arranged to connect the chambers to each other and/or to different pressure ducts in such a way that the effective area of the piston/displacement surfaces changes in accordance with the changes in the driving force exerted on the piston/displacement surfaces and/or the body forming the fluid chamber in such a way that the pressure produced by the pressure generator in the fluid supplied to the application exceeds the threshold pressure.

Abstract: A photodetector structure comprises a semiconductor substrate extending substantially along a horizontal plane and having a bulk refractive index and a front surface defining a front side of the photodetector structure. The front surface comprises high aspect ratio nanostructures forming an optical conversion layer having an effective refractive index gradually changing towards the bulk refractive index to reduce reflection of light incident on the photodetector structure from the front side thereof. Further, the semiconductor substrate comprises an induced junction.

Abstract: A photodetector structure comprises a semiconductor substrate extending substantially along a horizontal plane and having a bulk refractive index and a front surface defining a front side of the photodetector structure. The front surface comprises high aspect ratio nanostructures forming an optical conversion layer having an effective refractive index gradually changing towards the bulk refractive index to reduce reflection of light incident on the photodetector structure from the front side thereof. Further, the semiconductor substrate comprises an induced junction.

Abstract: A charging device is disclosed for charging an accumulator of a vehicle from a source of electrical energy, the charging device being configured to be integrated into the vehicle. The charging device includes at least two power units connectable to available phases of the source of electrical energy, the power units having at least partly same kind of power electronics of switched-mode technology to operate the power units, and structure for cooling the power electronics.

Abstract: A controlling of a lighting network based on traffic monitoring comprises steps of determining plurality of coverage areas of set of luminaires, where each luminaire comprises at least one light source. Information related to a presence of users in said coverage areas is received. This may relate both outdoor or indoor areas and activity. A status of at least certain luminaire is then changed to a reserve status, when a last detected user exits the coverage area. Each coverage area or luminaire is providing with an expected value for the time of when the next user is expected to arrive in the coverage area of said luminaire, A set of luminaires [R] of said luminaires with the reserve status to be controlled, such as dimmed, is then defined and information related to demand response requests [D1, . . . , Dn] of an electric power grid is received.

Abstract: A search system configured to predict further search intents of a user and to perform exploratory further searches and produce a number of search features and associated relevances and divergence quantifiers for displaying by user equipment at least two-dimensional so as to allow the user to identify relationship of various diverging search terms and to rapidly direct the searching towards information the existence of which may have been previously unknown to the user. Some of the search features can be concealed and shown to the user only if the user magnifies the corresponding area on a display showing the search features returned by the search engine. Files matching to varying degree with the present and predicted further searches are shown to the user with respective lists of search features.

Abstract: The invention concerns an anatomically personalized and mobilizing external support configured to be arranged to support a physical joint between a first and a second bone group, which support comprises at least one first external auxiliary frame, which is configured to be attached to the first bone group using invasive attachment means, at least one second external auxiliary frame, which is configured to be attached to the second bone group using invasive attachment means, and at least one external auxiliary joint, which is fitted between the first and the second auxiliary frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for in vitro testing of specimens, such as biomaterials or implants, wherein the method comprises at least immersing at least a part of the test specimen into a liquid media, controlling the liquid media, controlling surrounding environment, providing a predetermined non-destructive force to the specimen, and measuring reactions of the specimen or constituents of the liquid media. Further it relates to an apparatus for in vitro testing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a prepolarizing magnetic resonance- or relaxation-based measurement system, comprising a prepolarizing coil for producing a prepolarizing field at the target zone, means for pulsing the prepolarizing field according to a first pulsing scheme, and means for measuring magnetization of a target placed in the target zone. According to the invention, the system further comprises a shielding coil for producing a shielding field and means for pulsing the shielding field according to a second pulsing scheme, whereby the shielding coil and the second pulsing scheme are arranged to reduce the formation of unwanted transient fields caused by the coupling of the prepolarizing coil to conducting or magnetic structures in the surroundings of the system. The invention also relates to a corresponding method of measurement and a process of designing the pulsing schemes for the system or process.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to aqueous all-copper redox flow batteries. This battery comprises at least one first and second half-cell compartments including the first and second aqueous electrolyte solutions comprising a copper compound and supporting electrolytes and a first and second electrodes. The battery further comprises external storage tanks for the electrolytes residing outside of the half-cell compartments, and means for circulating the electrolytes to and from the half-cells. There is a separator between the first and the second half-cell, and the half-cells of this battery are configured to conduct oxidation and reduction reactions for charging and discharging the battery.

Abstract: An arc melting and tilt casting apparatus having a casing provided with a vacuum chamber for housing a hearth having a melting trough and pouring means, arc-melting electrode means passing through the casing in the chamber, a mold having a melt receiving orifice, vacuum generating means, sealing means for maintaining the vacuum in the chamber and tilting means for tilting the apparatus to cause the melt to flow from the melting trough via the pouring means in the mold through the mold orifice. The hearth and mold are connected together and moveable as a single unit in the vacuum chamber and out from the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising hydrolyzing fibrous cellulosic material with an acid at an elevated temperature or acidifying fibrous cellulosic material followed by washing and hydrolyzing the washed cellulosic material at an elevated temperature to produce a microcellulose-hydrolysate mixture followed by separation of the microcellulose from the hydrolysate, wherein the mixture or separated hydrolysate or microcellulose is optionally neutralized, and wherein the microcellulose production is integrated to production of a pulp mill such that at least part of chemicals used in the acidification, acid hydrolysis and/or neutralization is produced by an integrated chemical recovery process of the pulp mill.

Abstract: A sequential circuit with transition error detector including a sequential element with an input that is asserted to the output during the second clock phase of a two phase clock signal, a transition error detector coupled to the sequential element input to assert an error signal if a transition occurs at the sequential element input during the second clock phase but not to assert during the first clock phase, wherein a transition error detection circuit comprises a current mode circuit as a detection circuit for transition timing error detection from signals derived from the sequential element clock signal and input signals.