Abstract: A multi-band antenna includes a ground plane, a single antenna element, a frequency multiplexing circuit and at least two feeding strips coupled between the frequency multiplexing circuit and the single antenna element. Furthermore, the feeding of the antenna is arranged by one or more feeding points arranged between the ground plane and the frequency multiplexing circuit. According to first implementation one feeding point is arranged for at least two antenna branches. The signal fed into the feeding point is multiplexed by the multiplexing circuit to the antenna branches. According to at least one other implementation a dedicated feeding point is arranged for each of the antenna branches. At the same time the isolation of the frequencies between the different branches is arranged. This can be achieved e.g. by a multiplexing circuit. Moreover, impedance of the antenna branches can be matched with matching circuitry.

Abstract: A thin film photovoltaic cell structure (1) comprises a substrate (2); a first dielectric layer (3) on the substrate (2); an active layer (4) on the first dielectric layer (3); and a plasmonic light concentrator arrangement (5) on the active layer (4) for coupling incident light at a first wavelength band into the active layer (4). According to the present invention, the thin film photovoltaic cell structure (1) further comprises a second dielectric layer (6) formed of a dielectric material which is transparent at the first wavelength band and at a second wavelength band on the plasmonic light concentrator arrangement (5); the first dielectric layer (3), the active layer (4), the plasmonic light concentrator arrangement (5), and the second dielectric layer (6) being configured to form a resonant cavity for coupling incident light at the second wavelength band into a standing wave confined in the resonant cavity.

Abstract: A method of treating waste liquors which comprise organic compounds, in order to recover chemical compounds or to recycle chemicals. In the present method, the sodium-based waste liquor, which comprises organic compounds that are sourced from lignocellulose, is subjected to partial wet oxidation, in order to produce organic sodium salts, in which case the partial wet oxidation is carried out in conditions where at least part of the lignin is simultaneously precipitated. The precipitated filtrate or lignin is subjected to further processing. Most suitably, the organic sodium salts, such as Na acetate, which are generated in the partial oxidation of the waste liquor, are also subjected to further processing, in which case it is possible, from the lignin and the organic sodium salts, to efficiently produce compounds which as such are already of sufficient quality as chemicals, or which as gases are suitable for further processing, for instance for production of fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising subjecting fibrous cellulosic material to acid hydrolysis at a temperature of at least 40° C. and at a consistency of at least 8% on dry weight of the cellulose, wherein the amount of added acid is from 0.2 to 2%, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5% on dry weight of the cellulose.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for functionalization, via topographical modification, of the surfaces of nanofibrillated (NFC) cellulose films into non-porous, water-resistant platforms, usable in diagnostic applications. The method includes a carboxylation of the NFC-film via TEMPO-mediated oxidation, and optionally an activation via EDS/NHS chemistry and, finally, the reactivity of the film can be tested using anti-human IgG. The invention also concerns the thus prepared functionalized NFC films, as well as the use thereof as platforms for diagnostical assays.

Abstract: The invention concerns an anatomically personalized and mobilizing external support configured to be arranged to support a physical joint between a first and a second bone group, which support comprises at least one first external auxiliary frame, which is configured to be attached to the first bone group using invasive attachment means, at least one second external auxiliary frame, which is configured to be attached to the second bone group using invasive attachment means, and at least one external auxiliary joint, which is fitted between the first and the second auxiliary frame.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a fodder containing at least one type of grain crop, and a process for its manufacture, in which fodder the contents and identities of high-energy components have been optimized, whereby the main component in the fodder, in addition to the grain crop, is microcellulose, most suitably having a narrow particle size distribution, which microcellulose has been found to be digested in a particularly advantageous manner in the stomach of an animal, particularly the rumen of a ruminant, such as a cow.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of preparing a film of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) on at least one surface of a support material, wherein the film is applied and spread directly onto a surface of the plastic support material in the form of a suspension of nanofibrillated cellulose, whereby the nanofibrillated cellulose forms a film. Further, the invention concerns a structure containing or consisting of a film of nanofibrillated cellulose prepared using said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anatomically personalized and mobilizing external support, a method for manufacturing is, as well as the use of a component of an invasively attached external support in determining the path of the joint being supported. In the method according to the invention, the kinetic dynamics of the joint are measured with the aid of a component of an external support invasively attached to two bone groups, on the basis of which an external support is arranged between the bone groups.

Abstract: An arc melting and tilt casting apparatus having a casing provided with a vacuum chamber for housing a hearth having a melting trough and pouring means, arc-melting electrode means passing through the casing in the chamber, a mold having a melt receiving orifice, vacuum generating means, sealing means for maintaining the vacuum in the chamber and tilting means for tilting the apparatus to cause the melt to flow from the melting trough via the pouring means in the mold through the mold orifice. The hearth and mold are connected together and moveable as a single unit in the vacuum chamber and out from the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anatomically personalized and mobilizing external support, a method for manufacturing is, as well as the use of a component of an invasively attached external support in determining the path of the joint being supported. In the method according to the invention, the kinetic dynamics of the joint are measured with the aid of a component of an external support invasively attached to two bone groups, on the basis of which an external support is arranged between the bone groups.

Abstract: A thin film photovoltaic cell structure (1) comprises a substrate (2); a first dielectric layer (3) on the substrate (2); an active layer (4) on the first dielectric layer (3); and a plasmonic light concentrator arrangement (5) on the active layer (4) for coupling incident light at a first wavelength band into the active layer (4). According to the present invention, the thin film photovoltaic cell structure (1) further comprises a second dielectric layer (6) formed of a dielectric material which is transparent at the first wavelength band and at a second wavelength band on the plasmonic light concentrator arrangement (5); the first dielectric layer (3), the active layer (4), the plasmonic light concentrator arrangement (5), and the second dielectric layer (6) being configured to form a resonant cavity for coupling incident light at the second wavelength band into a standing wave confined in the resonant cavity.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna includes a ground plane, a single antenna element, a frequency multiplexing circuit and at least two feeding strips coupled between the frequency multiplexing circuit and the single antenna element. Furthermore, the feeding of the antenna is arranged by one or more feeding points arranged between the ground plane and the frequency multiplexing circuit. According to first implementation one feeding point is arranged for at least two antenna branches. The signal fed into the feeding point is multiplexed by the multiplexing circuit to the antenna branches. According to at least one other implementation a dedicated feeding point is arranged for each of the antenna branches. At the same time the isolation of the frequencies between the different branches is arranged. This can be achieved e.g. by a multiplexing circuit. Moreover, impedance of the antenna branches can be matched with matching circuitry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a prepolarizing magnetic resonance- or relaxation-based measurement system, comprising a prepolarizing coil for producing a prepolarizing field at the target zone, means for pulsing the prepolarizing field according to a first pulsing scheme, and means for measuring magnetization of a target placed in the target zone. According to the invention, the system further comprises a shielding coil for producing a shielding field and means for pulsing the shielding field according to a second pulsing scheme, whereby the shielding coil and the second pulsing scheme are arranged to reduce the formation of unwanted transient fields caused by the coupling of the prepolarizing coil to conducting or magnetic structures in the surroundings of the system. The invention also relates to a corresponding method of measurement and a process of designing the pulsing schemes for the system or process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the estimation of maximum friction between a vehicular tire and a road surface via driving dynamics measurements and at least one sensor measuring the road surface, comprising measuring road surface properties via a sensor; measuring the state of motion of a vehicle and a tire and concluding therefrom a momentary maximum friction coefficient when the tire is subjected to a sufficient friction force; storing a maximum friction estimate concluded from the above-mentioned measurements, along with measuring results regarding road surface properties measured at the moment of measurement; when the tire is not subjected to a friction force sufficient for measuring maximum friction, using, as a maximum friction estimate, the previously measured maximum friction estimate, such that an applied selection criterion for the maximum friction estimate is the newness as up-to-date as possible of the measuring result and a consistency of the road surface measuring result.

Abstract: A method of treating waste liquors which comprise organic compounds, in order to recover chemical compounds or to recycle chemicals. In the present method, the sodium-based waste liquor, which comprises organic compounds that are sourced from lignocellulose, is subjected to partial wet oxidation, in order to produce organic sodium salts, in which case the partial wet oxidation is carried out in conditions where at least part of the lignin is simultaneously precipitated. The precipitated filtrate or lignin is subjected to further processing. Most suitably, the organic sodium salts, such as Na acetate, which are generated in the partial oxidation of the waste liquor, are also subjected to further processing, in which case it is possible, from the lignin and the organic sodium salts, to efficiently produce compounds which as such are already of sufficient quality as chemicals, or which as gases are suitable for further processing, for instance for production of fuels.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of modifying the surface of a cellulosic material, wherein a modifying compound is attached to the cellulosic material through a linker, which linker is a conjugate that has been activated by functionalization prior to adsorption to form an activated conjugate, and wherein the entire method is carried out in aqueous media, as well as an intermediate product suitable for attaching to a modifying compound, the intermediate product comprising said functionalized conjugate linker that has been adsorbed to a cellulosic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for in vitro testing of specimens, such as biomaterials or implants, wherein the method comprises at least immersing at least a part of the test specimen into a liquid media, controlling the liquid media, controlling surrounding environment, providing a predetermined non-destructive force to the specimen, and measuring reactions of the specimen or constituents of the liquid media. Further it relates to an apparatus for in vitro testing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an implantable device fixed or interlinked to bone, which generates unidirectional movement by a member generating reciprocating motion in the same direction using means allowing unidirectional movement. In the device, the means allowing unidirectional movement comprise means based on friction which make line contact.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for producing calcium carbonate containing the steps of extraction of alkaline industrial waste or by-products using as a first extraction solvent an aqueous solution of a salt formed from a weak acid and a weak base, whereby a vanadium-enriched first residue is allowed to settle and a calcium-rich first filtrate is formed, filtration, whereby the first filtrate is separated from the first residue, carbonation of the calcium-rich first filtrate using a carbonation gas, whereby calcium carbonate precipitates and a second filtrate is formed, and a second filtration, whereby the calcium carbonate is separated from the second filtrate. Further, the present invention concerns a method for extracting calcium carbonate and vanadium from alkaline industrial waste or by-products.