Abstract: In a steam power station, the condensate used as feedwater is preheated up close to the boiling temperature by means of partial steam mass flows from the turbine steam quantity. Due to the steam extraction, the following steam-turbine stages can draw less power from the steam fluid. To avoid the reduction in the power output at the following steam-turbine stages, provision is made for the waste heat from fuel cells to be used for preheating the condensate. Due to the preheating of the feedwater from the waste heat of the fuel cells and the associated increase in the steam quantity participating in the expansion, an increase in the efficiency of the steam process is achieved.

Abstract: A steam power station includes a power house, an annex, a turbogroup disposed in the power house, and a condenser having a condenser neck connected to the turbogroup, and main cooling-water lines including at least one inlet and at least one outlet, the condenser disposed lateral to the turbogroup and the condenser, the at least one inlet, and the at least one outlet disposed in the annex. A conventional power house places a condenser, a condenser neck, and main cooling-water lines inside a power house. Accordingly, such a power house must be larger with respect to both height and width. To reduce the overall volume of the power house, the condenser of the invention is laterally disposed next to the turbogroup within an annex. The turbogroup has a turbine center line, the condenser has a center line located below the turbine center line, and the condenser neck has a gradient towards the condenser. The gradient can be predetermined.

Abstract: Devices for introducing valve keys in internal-combustion-engine valves have heretofore required complex locking and actuating devices in order to bring the valve keys into a fitting position. In order to reduce the introducing procedure, a guide body has a recess which runs symmetrically with respect to its central axis. A conveying channel is formed by a pin passing through the recess in its longitudinal direction, by wall regions of the recess and by guide beads which are attached in such a way that they can pivot and are extended parallel to the pin in their basic position. The guide bead is bent inwards in the direction of the pin with such a radius and a distance between the bent region and the pin as well as the valve stem is set in such a manner, that bulges of the fed-in valve key engage into annular grooves of the valve stem at the end of the conveying channel.

Abstract: A mounting system includes a conveyor system and a workpiece carrier. The workpiece carrier has a base plate resting on the conveyor system, at least one column extending vertically away from the base plate, and a supporting element separably connected to the column for receiving components. The mounting system also includes a plurality of mounting stations for receiving the components transported on the workpiece carrier. Each of the plurality of mounting stations has a frame, a long stroke unit disposed laterally of the conveyor system and secured to the frame, and a supporting bracket projecting in a cantilevered fashion from the long stroke unit for engaging from beneath the supporting element of the workpiece carrier. The long stroke unit with the supporting bracket raises the components in a lift-like fashion and brings the components in position to a respective mounting station.

Abstract: A three-point or multipoint converter is described. The converter has a series circuit formed of at least four main switches per converter phase, which are connected electrically in parallel between a positive and a negative DC voltage rail. An individual snubber capacitance is disposed in parallel with each individual main switch. At least two converter levels are formed between the DC voltage rails, a junction point or junction points and voltage neutral points of the converter levels are accessible. An output of the converter phase is connected to the voltage neutral points of the converter levels, via a series circuit formed of at least one resonant inductance and independently controllable bidirectional auxiliary switches. Junction points of the snubber capacitances that do not at the same time form the output of the converter phase are connected via charge control switches to the junction point or the junction points of the converter levels.

Abstract: A conductor bar and a method for producing a conductor bar of a stator winding for an electric machine, in particular a generator, having a stator as well as a rotor disposed rotatably therein. Each conductor bar is formed of component conductors which are made from conductive material, are situated one above another in pairs, traverse a stack from a top layer obliquely to a bottom layer and each have uniform cranks in the vicinity of the top layer and in a bottom region. The cranks of each two component conductors placed one above another and assigned to one another in pairs are disposed offset in the longitudinal direction at a spacing relative to cranks of a succeeding or preceding pair of component conductor bars. The component conductors are disposed in two stacks located next to one another and laterally adjoining one another. The component conductors are each situated one above another in pairs and are each mutually interlocked through the use of the laterally neighboring component conductors.

Abstract: The method relates to the location-independent exchange of process data between application programs (5) and process management systems (4). The process management systems (4) and the application programs (5) are provided in a number of different process computers systems (2.1 to 2.7) which are interconnected via a network (1). The data exchange takes place by using a software system (3) which is called Process Information Broker PIB (3) and has three types of component, namely PIB server (3.1), PIB client (3.2) and PIB services (3.3). The PIB services (3.3) contain a switching service (3.31) and a user administrator (3.32). During the start-up of the system and for the purpose of updating, in the respective computer system (2.1 to 2.7), process data are converted from process-computer-specific data structures into process-computer-independent data structures, typified and provided as stored data in an interface. All the computer systems (2.1 to 2.

Abstract: A distributor for supplying burners of a gas turbine with fuel, air and coolant. Prior art distributors contain a combination of ring lines and tie lines, over which the fuel is distributed to individual burners. It is very complicated and expensive to replace defective components, and in some cases the entire apparatus has to be dismantled to do so. The distributor of the invention has two or more modules, depending on the number of burners, which are assembled from distributor units and regulating units in such a way that they can be taken apart again. For each burner, at least one regulating unit is provided, from which at least one supply line for the fuel, air and coolant extends to the burner.

Abstract: A soundproofing system is proposed for an electrical machine, in particular a generator. The soundproofing system has a plurality of airtight soundproofing elements mounted releasable attached in an airtight manner using seals and fasteners to a casing frame of the electrical machine. The casing frame being in the form of a framework of the electrical machine. The soundproofing element has a circumferential frame that has a U-shaped profile and is fitted on one side with a covering plate and on the opposite side with a perforated plate. A base surface of the frame governs a height of the soundproofing element. A side surface of the frame acts as a sealing surface with respect to the casing frame of the electrical machine, and the other side surface of the frame is used as a sealing surface for the covering plate. An airborne sound attenuator is inserted between the frame, the covering plate and the perforated plate. The covering plate is mounted in an airtight manner on the sealing surface of the frame.

Abstract: A lock is provided for closing an entry point of a circumferential slot undercut on both sides and intended for accommodating blade roots of moving blades of a turbine rotor. A filling piece with a contour adapted to the blade roots is supported against a supporting side in the turbine rotor through the use of a fitting piece. A step provided in a base region of the lock serves to axially support the filling piece. The fitting piece may be provided with a slit into which a wedge for expanding the fitting piece can be pressed.

Abstract: In previously known turbogenerators, the cooling-air chambers are included in the structural configuration of the generator casing. In order to avoid complex manufacturing processes, it is intended that the chamber be a box that is separate from the generator casing. The box has an opening on its side facing the built-in stator with an edge surface of the opening being fitted with a sealing element that acts with respect to the circumferential surface of the built-in stator. The box is connected to the built-in stator with the interposition of a rubber bearing.

Abstract: A steam turbine plant with a turbo-generator set disposed on a foundation plate and having a steam turbine which has a high-pressure part, at least one low-pressure part, and a generator. There is also an oil supply unit for supplying oil to turbine bearings and control devices. The oil supply unit includes at least one oil tank with an associated pump and filter device and is disposed in an oil sump for collecting oil leakages. Connecting lines run between the oil supply unit and the steam turbine. The turbo-generator set is disposed so as to be off-center, that is to say eccentrically, in relation to the foundation plate, and the oil supply unit is integrated into the foundation plate, that is to say into the free standing surface thereby available.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process diagnosis system and a method for the diagnosis of processes and states in a technical process, in particular for the diagnosis of a power station process. The invention is a structured multi-agent system which corresponds to the process and has a plurality of autonomous diagnostic agents. The diagnostic agents in each case contain a neural network, with whose aid a reference behavior of process components that are to be monitored can be learned. In addition, automatic adaptation to a new reference behavior is also possible by the diagnostic agents.

Abstract: An apparatus for conversion of a three-phase voltage system into an electrically isolated DC voltage to be predetermined freely, and a method for controlling the same, include primary and secondary circuits. Each phase of the primary circuit has a series inductance connected to one input of a bidirectional, bipolar electronic switching apparatus. Second inputs of the switching apparatuses are directly connected. A positive primary voltage rail is fed through diodes, and a negative primary voltage rail is fed through other diodes. One winding end of a primary winding of a transformer is connected to a line connecting the second inputs of the switching apparatuses. A power transistor, which is connected to the positive primary voltage rail on the collector/drain side and has an antiparallel connected diode, is connected to another winding end of the primary winding.

Abstract: The process and apparatus avoid incorrect assembly and added expense caused by prior art alternating manual and equipment-reinforced assembly operations. Full automation is attained in that the component group is picked up by a robot and transferred to a press-fitting unit. Once the crankcase and the crankshaft, with the aid of rotary and adjusting devices, have been rotated into an assembly position for the piston and the connecting rod, the component group is introduced into a cylinder opening until the connecting rod contacts the crankshaft. The robot then picks up a connecting rod cap that has already been equipped with screws and screws it together with the connecting rod.

Abstract: A gas-cooled turbo-generator has a pressure-tight casing with a stator disposed therein and a rotor. The turbo-generator also has cooling air feeders and dischargers disposed in the casing for circulating cooling air at a super atmospheric pressure in the casing. The stator and rotor have longitudinal slots for accommodating conductors and a proportion of conductor volume per longitudinal slot is at least twice a volume of the insulation. There is also provided an air/water heat exchanger for absorbing heat from the cooling air.

Abstract: The voltage transformer has a measuring element in the electrical field between an internal conductor and an external conductor of a metal-encapsulated, gas-insulated switchgear. The measuring element includes a Pockels crystal, a crystal of transparent material which, under the influence of the electric field, influences polarized light that is radiated through on account of the Pockels effect. The Pockels crystal has two parallel walls transverse with respect to the field lines. A first deflection prism, which deflects a light beam through 180.degree., is disposed on the crystal face at the high-voltage end. Several optical elements are disposed at the face on the low-voltage side. The optical elements include a light input coupler for polarized light and two light output couplers. The reflected light beam impinges on a beam splitter, which splits the light beam into two partial beams. The first partial beam radiates firstly through a quarter-wave plate and then through a first analyzer.

Abstract: A method of producing a contact element having a base body made of material with good electrical conductivity (first material) and a contact layer made of material with a less good electrical conductivity which is resistant to arc erosion (second material), includes impregnating a sinter structure of the contact layer with the material of the base body. The base body and the sinter structure are placed one above the other in a cup-like mold and are heated therein to above the melting temperature of the first material but still below the melting temperature of the second material, so that the first material fuses and penetrates into the sinter structure. The sinter structure may be produced by scattering the second material in powder form onto the first material and initially sintering in a degassing process below the melting temperature of the first material. It is also possible to produce the sinter structure in advance and to place a green body on the base body.

Abstract: A turbine blade which is provided for use in a wet steam region of penultimate and ultimate stages of turbines and is subject to erosive wear caused by impinging water droplets, is treated in a region of leading edges and parts of a blade leaf in such a way as to reduce the erosive wear. In order to reduce the erosive effect of the water droplets, the blade leaf has a surface roughness in the region of its leading edge and its blade back or in at least a partial region thereof. The surface roughness is markedly increased in comparison with the surface roughness of a front side of the blade leaf.

Abstract: A device for the investigation of liquids, in particular of waste water, includes at least one reaction chamber for receiving the liquid to be investigated as well as liquids for analysis from storage containers. The reaction chamber is disposed in a housing while the storage containers are accommodated within the housing or are set up outside. The housing may be positioned in a freely floating manner within the liquid to be investigated or may be set up outside.