Abstract: A digital scan converter with an initialization circuit. The initialization circuit, for example, a dedicated circuit or a computer, relates each pixel in a converted image to two or more respective pixels which lie adjacent to it and which are selected from an original image which is generated by a scanner. The initialization circuit also calculates and makes available interpolation constants to be used in deriving the value of a given pixel in terms of its respective, adjacently lying, group of pixels. When the converted image has a raster scan format, a satisfactory image is obtained when the respective group of pixels consists of two pixels between which lies the pixel whose value is to be calculated. By predefining the relationship between the pixels in the converted and original images before actual conversion begins real time operation is achieved.

Abstract: A system for providing a quadrature hybrid with a wide bandwidth and an extremely low amplitude imbalance. This system incorporates conventional quadrature hybrids as components and provide a system quadrature hybrid having a larger bandwidth and a far lower amplitude imbalance than that of any of the component quadrature hybrids. Typically, the system bandwidth improvement over that of the component hybrids is 60 percent, while the improvement in the imbalance is 6 to 1. These improvements are achieved using a system network consisting fundamentally of three conventional hybrids, a reversing divider and an in-phase divider, all of which are readily available components. This system provides a significant improvement over more complicated quadrature hybrid designs where filter networks are required to obtain wide bandwidth. The widest bandwidth components now abailable, including those using filter networks, can be incorporated in the present invention to provide an even wider system bandwidth.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for chemically treating vertically oriented electronic printed circuit board substrates. The apparatus includes a conveyor system for transporting vertically oriented circuit board substrates through a plurality of adjacent spray chambers. The conveyor system minimizes the amount of chemical solution which is carried from one chamber into an adjoining chamber and permits the utilization of hollow slack tubing to engage and transport the substrates.

Abstract: A knockdown shelving assembly includes a cylindrical shelf supporting sleeve positioned on a shelf supporting standard. The shelf supporting sleeve and the shelf supporting standard include ramps which are in interfering engagement with each other to affix the supporting sleeve to the supporting standard, and a shelf rests on an end edge of the cylindrical shelf supporting sleeve to be supported on the supporting standard via the supporting sleeve.

Abstract: Apparatus for directing a stream of fluid against a pliant substrate panel traveling through the apparatus, the panel including a pair of opposed generally parallel planar surfaces co-terminating at the edge defining the periphery of the panel.

Abstract: An improved ion exchange separation method in which the volume of spent wash liquid and treated feed liquid is reduced by withdrawing a slurry of regenerated resin and wash water from the regeneration column and introducing the slurry into the bottom of the main treating column. The wash liquid is withdrawn from the main treating column along with the de-ionized feed liquid.

Abstract: This application is directed to processes involving the use of nonmiscible inert liquid carriers such as halogenated hydrocarbons. The processes are applicable to mixing, agglomerating, coating, dyeing, reorientating, crystallizing, precipitating, reacting and similar types of operations. Examples of products which can be treated by these processes are foods, pharmaceuticals, detergents, fabrics and papers. The inert carrier acts as an expanded matrix to support and disperse such products to facilitate carrying out the indicated operating steps.

Abstract: A pedal drive mechanism for a are vehicle. In a preferred bicycle version, pedal lever arms Additional pivotally attached to each side of the frame near the rear wheel hub for reciprocal rotation within a limited angular sector. Downward forces exerted by a rider on the pedals are transmitted through flexible tension members on each side of the bicycle anchored either to first attachment points intermediate the ends of the lever arms or to second attachment points on the frame above the lever arms and leading around pulleys mounted at the other of the first and second points. From the pulleys each tension member leads over and around a corresponding rotary driving member that is connected through an overrunning clutch to the rear wheel. Means interconnecting the lever arms return one arm to the upper starting position while the other arm is in the downward power stroke.

Abstract: A pedal drive mechanism for a rider-powered vehicle. In a preferred bicycle version, pedal lever arms are pivotally attached to each side of the frame near the rear wheel hub for reciprocal rotation within a limited angular sector. Downward forces exerted by a rider on the pedals are transmitted through flexible tension members on each side of the bicycle anchored either to first attachment points intermediate the ends of the lever arms or to second attachment points on the frame above the lever arms and leading around pulleys mounted at the other of the first and second points. From the pulleys each tension member leads over and around a corresponding rotary driving member that is connected through an overrunning clutch to the rear wheel. Means interconnecting the lever arms return one arm to the upper starting position while the other arm is in the downward power stroke.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for mixing a second material into a first fluid material includes a container for the first fluid material, a motor driven centrifugal impeller, and a conduit having an outlet coaxial with and adjacent to the centrifugal impeller for feeding the second material into the center of the impeller. The impeller is located in the container of fluid material, and the improved apparatus includes means for directing a portion of the fluid from the container inward for mixing with the second material as it enters the center of the impeller and means for directing at least a portion of the mixture flowing from the impeller outward for dispersion in the fluid in the container. The apparatus preferably also includes means for recirculating a portion of the mixture from the impeller directly back for mixing with and imparting momentum to the first and second materials as they enter into the center of the impeller.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for mixing and reacting materials that include at least one liquid while simultaneously transferring heat to or from the mixture. A rotating centrifugal impeller mounted in a lower chamber of a closed reactor vessel draws the materials to be mixed from an upper chamber through a short central inlet and mixes them with high energy while impelling them between spaced blades extending outward from the eye of the impeller to a high pressure region at its circumference. The mixture then returns to the upper chamber through a plurality of elongated conduits having thin walls. For maximum heat transfer area in relation to cross-sectional flow area, each conduit is arranged with a first inner portion of annular cross section and a second, reverse flow, outer portion separated from the inner portion by a double-walled tube, the tube having passages between its double walls for circulating heat exchanging fluid.