Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the guiding of workkpieces (2) which has at least one curved guideway (11, 12) and which renders automatic emptying simple. This is achieved according to the invention by a guide device (16, 17) which can be adjusted in the guide path provided by the curved guideway (11, 12) and which in the state adjusted into the guide path transfers the workpieces (2) in a straight line from the inlet (50) of the curved guideway (11, 12) to its outlet (51).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the hardening of elongate workpieces by means of an inductor 19. The apparatus comprises a rotary ring 3 mounted to rotate around a horizontal axis in a hardening basin 1 and having a number of retaining devices 11 by means of which each of individual workpieces 16 is retained horizontally and rotatably around its longitudinal axis. To improve the hardening result and increase the degree of automation of the apparatus and process, associated with each retaining device 11 for connection to a central driving shaft 2 is an adjustable clutch-brake unit 7, and the retaining device 11 is drivable by the driving shaft 2 in a first position, is uncoupled from the driving shaft 2 and freely rotatable in a second position and is braked in relation to the rotary ring 3 in a third position. By these steps each of the workpieces 16 disposed on the rotary ring 3 can perform rotary movements independently of one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for hardening the surface of workpieces of different lengths, having: two clamping heads and a rotary drive, for clamping and rotating the workpiece to be hardened; inductors for the electroinductive heating of the workpiece surface; and a quenching spray.The characterizing feature of the invention is that disposed on opposite sides of the workpiece with provision for displacement in relation to one another in the direction of the workpiece axis for adaptation to the particular workpiece length are two line inductors (1a, 1b), each having two parallel conductor portions (2a, 2b) and end portions (5, 6) which are bent at right angles and an end portion (6a, 6b) of each of which extends arcuately or polygonally, more particularly at right angles, over the workpiece (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a parallel oscillatory circuit frequency converter comprising: a rectifier (1); an inverse rectifier (4) having thyristors disposed in a bridge circuit; a parallel oscillatory circuit (5) having an inductance (L) and a series connection of two capacitors (C, C.sub.K) whereby one capacitor (C) is connected to the load points of the bridge circuit; and a gate-controlled turn-off time control device (6) for the alternate firing (switching) of the thyristors a, b forming the particular diagonally adjacent bridge branches with a cycle frequency adapted to maintain a minimum turn-off time, a safety firing circuit (24, 25) controlled by a detector circuit (11-23) to detect incorrect switching delivering firing pulses without delay to all the thyristors at least until all the thyristors are current-carrying.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the electrochemical processing of workpieces. The apparatus comprises a processing electrode (2) adjustable in relation to the workpiece (1) and a supply unit (3) for the electric working value supplied to the workpiece (1). The store (8) comprises in the form of digital measured values the course in time during processing of the working value detected by a measuring system (5). In a comparison stage (7) the stored course in time of the working value, serving as a required value, is compared with the course delivered by the measuring system (5) (actual value), and a control signal is delivered to the supply unit (3) when a given difference between the required and actual values is exceeded.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for regenerating electrolytes containing sodium nitrate for use in the electrochemical working of metallic workpieces within the pH range from 4 to 12.Iron (III) nitrate is added to the electrolyte in the working cycle in such an amount that the hydrolysates are predominantly precipitated in coarse flocculent form. Flocculents may be added to the electrolyte.

Abstract: The apparatus relates to an excess-current monitoring device in a direct-current generator having a controlled rectifier, and is particularly useful for electro-chemical machining. A reference signal is generated by a signal generator in accordance with the voltage drive of the rectifier and the mean current supplied to the load. The reference signal is supplied to a comparator which supplies a current-switch-off-signal when the value of the reference signal as compared to the instantaneous load current indicates excess mean load current. This enables optimum machining.

Abstract: The invention relates to a phase-adjusting device for the inverter, having controllable semiconductors, of a parallel-resonant circuit frequency converter. The phase-adjusting device, operating on the PLL principle, compares a signal derived from the inverter output voltage and a signal delayed by a predetermined amount in relation to the control pulses of the oscillator 1 to a phase-comparing stage. In dependence on the phase comparison of the two signals, the oscillator frequency is so adjusted that the inverter output voltage and the inverter output current are in phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the electrochemical etching of grooves of very small width, in particular smaller than 1.0 mm, into a workpiece. Etching is performed with a wire electrode or a rod electrode extending across the etching direction. In order that the electrolyte liquid introduced into the work gap does not flow away uncontrolled, but fills out the work gap over the entire working length of the electrode, a baffle acting behind the rear of the electrode is provided. This ensures that the flow of the electrolyte takes place essentially in the work gap and in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for spark-erosive planetary eroding of a workpiece in which an eroding electrode is lowered into the workpiece as the workpiece is eroded and the workpiece and electrode carry out planetary motion with respect to each other so the operation gap between the narrow periphery of the electrode and the workpiece moves around the periphery of the electrode during planetary motion. A plurality of injection nozzles are positioned around the gap for supplying liquid dielectric thereto in accordance with the planetary movement. A plate having bores therethrough closes a chamber containing such liquid with each bore supplying a nozzle. The bores terminate at a wall of the chamber so that the opening into the chamber and therefore the supply to each nozzle is varied in accordance with the planetary movement.

Abstract: An inverter circuit with a thyristor bridge circuit, a load circuit developed as a parallel oscillating circuit connected to the bridge circuit, an impulse generating circuit for supplying ignition pulses to the bridge circuit and an arcing time regulating circuit for controlling the impulse generating circuit in accordance with the arcing time. A down-and-up integrating circuit is triggered by an ignition impulse to integrate down until a discriminator circuit produces a signal indicating zero crossover of the load current, thereafter to integrate up until a second discriminator produces a second signal indicating zero crossover of the load voltage, at which time the integrator output indicates arcing time, and is applied to the time regulating circuit to control the impulse generating circuit.

Abstract: An electrochemical apparatus with a table formed by three slabs on which the workpiece rests. The table is mounted for rotation about a vertical axis and rests on a fixed support. A plurality of rollers in recesses of the fixed support engage the undersurface of the lower slab, and can be raised by servomotors to rotate the table. A clamping arrangement also engages the lower slab and fixed support for clamping the table in any desired orientation.

Abstract: A circuit and process for disconnecting the current from the operating gap of an electrolytic processing device in the event of a short circuit in which a signal is produced from the AC current in the transformer supplying power to the gap, such signal indicating the gap current, the maximum value of that signal is stored for successive time periods and the stored value for a preceding period compared with the present signal to operate a switch in the current supply to the gap when a short circuit condition is detected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrolytic processing of a metallic workpiece in which short circuits in the operating gap which produce an arc are detected and extinguished by an auxiliary d.c. current of limited duration and counter to the direction of flow of the operating current without withdrawing the electrode or cutting off the operating current.

Abstract: One or more electromagnetic stirring elements are mounted on arms and/or holders, extending from a carriage which runs on a stationary bed and in a direction transversely to the direction of casting. The stirring elements are either directly positioned in the direction of carriage movement or orthogonally thereto. Multiphase elements can be positioned from three different directions to circumscribe the casting.

Abstract: An apparatus for tempering the surfaces of mutually displaced cams of a cast-iron camshaft in which heat energy sources are movably disposed at a distance from each cam. The apparatus holds the camshaft to be tempered in a vertical orientation for rotation about its axis and the heat sources are positioned about the camshaft axis at relative angles of rotation equal to the relative angles of rotation of the corresponding cams so that the cams may be heated simultaneously and syncronously with the rotation of the camshaft.

Abstract: An apparatus for inductively hardening by quenching of the running surface of bearings of a crankshaft in which the crankshafts are transported by a lifter-conveyor system to a clamp which grips the crankshaft and is pivoted about a lever arm pivotably mounted on the machine frame to a heating position below a plurality of inductors. The inductors ride on the crankshaft as it rotates to inductively heat the running surfaces. The inductors are each mounted on a linkage which also mounts a quenching shower and the linkage in turn is swingably mounted on a further lever arm which is pivotably connected to the machine frame. As the crankshaft rotates, the inductor lifts and the further lever arm lifts off a stop. The apparatus preferably includes a second clamp and set of inductors to which the crankshaft is subsequently conveyed for further treatment after hardening.

Abstract: A process in which pipes, particularly thick walled pipes, are inductively heated to the austenization temperature, quenched with a coolant to form martensite in the surface zone, then drawn, with additional heat added when necessary and left to cool with the not-quenched layers forming an interstage structure.

Abstract: A furnace for the inductive heating of metallic workpieces with an induction coil body encompassing a furnace space through which workpieces on receivers are transported. The receivers are a pair of hollow tubes extending in parallel through the furnace space for receiving workpieces, the tubes being reciprocally moved backwards and forwards. A pair of rods having cam surfaces thereon extend through the space below the tubes so that rotation of the rods lifts the workpieces off the tubes during backwards movement.

Abstract: A process for heating at least two metal pipes wherein each pipe is individually preheated in response to sensors detecting its initial temperature and wall thickness. The pipe then passes through a continuous heater which applies an equal amount of energy to each portion of the pipe, after which each pipe emerges having a predetermined temperature independent of both its initial temperature and the wall thickness.