Abstract: An electrical machine having an armature capable of both rotational movement and translational movement and which can be driven by alternating current or by stepwise control pulses. The coil of the machine is divided into two half-coils which are electrically separated and which each act on a separate group of pole teeth. The armature likewise has two groups of pole teeth, each of which cooperates with a group of teeth of the coil. The teeth are symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the machine, and the coil teeth lie at a different angle with respect to that median plane than do the armature teeth. The two half-coils are separately energized to produce moving poles in space.

Abstract: A hologram of a wave front reflected by the end of a primary standard, either produced by exposure of a plate in the apparatus or synthesized by computer, is illuminated by a laser with a direct beam and with a beam reflected from the end of a standard to be measured mounted in a reference position. Interference fringes are produced on a screen and the standard to be measured is moved from a reference position to a position in which the reflected wave front coincides with the wave front recorded by the hologram while the fringes are counted to determine the difference in length.

Abstract: An optical Raman microprobe with laser excitation for illuminating a sample, comprising means for illuminating the sample with a pulsed or continuous laser radiation of selected frequency, a microscope furnishing an enlarged image of the sample, means for selecting the wavelengths of the re-emitted or scattered light and means for detecting the selected light. The microprobe further comprises means for obtaining a micrographic image of the sample, to provide a map showing the distribution of a selected polyatomic species in the sample, by isolating a radiation characteristic of such species in the Raman, Stokes or anti-Stokes spectrum. All points of the sample may be illuminated simultaneously, or successively one after the other, or simultaneously along a selected line or curve.

Abstract: A control method is described in which, a plant, a reference model and a corrector are serially connected in the loop. The plant output is fed back and compared against a reference signal to develop an error signal. The reference mode operates upon the error signal with a predetermined transfer function to develop signals proportional to the error signal and various successive order derivatives of the error signal. The model output signals are applied to a corrector circuit which multiplies the respective model output signals by appropriate coefficients, and sums the resultant product signals to produce control signals for the plant. Provisions are also disclosed for varying the coefficients to provide self-adaptive control. Provisions for accommodating process delays are also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a switching device using electrets. It comprises at least two electrodes and at least two electrets; control signals are applied between electrodes to cause a mobile element carrying an electret to pass from one rest position to the other.Application to electrical, pneumatic and optical switching.

Abstract: Thermal energy, especially solar heat, is converted into chemical energy by being used for the endothermic dissociation of a compound which is exothermically recombinable to release at least a substantial part of that energy at a time and/or location at which the original heat source is not readily available. One or more of the dissociation products are transported to the point of utilization, preferably after interim storage, and are there recombined with one another and/or with locally available reactants to restore the original compound which is then returned, again preferably after interim storage, to the dissociation site for a repetition of the process. The exothermic reaction at the recombination site may be used to decompose a locally available compound, e.g. water, for the purpose of liberating one of its constituents, e.g. hydrogen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optimally controlling a DC motor used in the propulsion of a vehicle to both provide mechanical driving energy (or traction) to the vehicle during acceleration and to recover electrical energy from the motor when the vehicle is decelerating. The armature and field currents of the DC motor are continuously adjusted for different loads at all speeds of rotation in the traction mode and when in the energy recovery mode to different resistance torques.

Abstract: In order to produce a fancy yarn with protuberances along its length in a simple manner, and without adding either a binding yarn or an effect yarn, a multi-filament yarn of continuous filaments is forwarded by a positive drive means and twisted and taken up by a spindle. When engaged with a surface of the drive means the yarn is engaged by an edge which brakes some of the filaments.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrical insulators having increased resistance to partial discharges and electrical equipment comprising such electrical insulators.These electrical insulators are formed of a macromolecular material in which is incorporated a chelate which is a derivative of an organic compound of general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is CH.sub.2 COOM or --OH,M is Na or H,x is an integer from 1 to 4,n is an integer from 0 to 4,the metal chelate being present in the material in an amount sufficient for promoting the extinction of partial discharges, said amount not exceeding a value which would alter the physical properties of the insulator such as the volume resistivity thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to self-scraping mixers comprising a fixed case, at least two blades whose cross-sections are defined by at least two arcs of a circle of the same length and the same radius, and means for rotating said blades so that their edges scrape the whole area of inner face of the case as well as that of the outer faces of each blade. According to the invention, the mixers are of a conical type.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for doping a substrate by ion implantation or discharge. The process comprises the steps of maintaining an electric discharge in an evacuated enclosure containing a gaseous compound of a dopant for creating ions of said dopant; extracting and accelerating a beam of said ions from said atmosphere toward said substrate under a voltage selected for achieving a predetermined doping profile; and circulating said substrate transversely to said beam.

Abstract: Water soluble agents effective as immunological adjuvants for stimulating in the host the immune response to various antigens, comprising an acyl-muramic acid group, wherein acyl means acetyl or glycolyl, and a short peptide chain linked to said acyl-muramic acid group, the first and second amino acids of said peptide chain being preferentially alanine and glutamic acid respectively.

Abstract: The novel derivatives of pepstatin have the general formula (I) below in which X, Y and Z, are identical or different, and each represent an amino-acid selected from arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, histidine and valine, the carboxyl function of the terminal amino-acid being esterifiable. The indices a, b and c are each equal to zero or 1, the sum a+b+c being equal to 1, 2 or 3. The invention also includes the water soluble salts and their preparation, and the compositions containing them. ##STR1## These novel products are particularly useful in the diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension due to the action of renine.

Abstract: The adjuvant is 2-(p-amino-phenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-propionyl-L- alanyl-D-isoglutamine, which compound in its .beta. glucoside form, corresponds with the formula ##STR1## It is notably useful for favoring immunitory responses relative to antigens of low immunogenicity.

Abstract: A system for transmitting data between distant locations comprises a modem at each location and a communication channel, typically a telephone line, whose transfer function has a principal component whose variation is slow and a second component whose variation is faster, but whose action is lesser. A correction device is located in the modem at the output of the channel and comprises an equalization filter constructed to compensate for the principal component and a digital adaptive network having a few coefficients and a low time constant, compatible with the frequency of the second component. The coefficients of the digital network may be adapted independently of those of the equalization filter.

Abstract: A double-acting press for precision deep-stamping requiring a plurality of passes comprises two tool assemblies arranged coaxially facing one another. The first tool assembly is constituted by a hollow stem double-acting hydraulic stamping jack, the head of which contains a cascade of annular dies, one for each pass required, of internal size decreasing from the first pass die situated at the free end of the head. The first pass die bears on its front leading surface the male blank-cutting punch and the spacing of the leading surfaces of two successive dies is at least equal to the height of the blank after its passage through the first of said two dies. A second hydraulic jack, called a central jack whose body is fast to and coaxial with that of the stamping jack has its stem passing coaxially through the hollow stem and the head of the latter.

Abstract: Tension detector for an advancing layer of straightened yarns.A section of yarns of the layer 5 is guided along a V-path 5a by means of three guide member 1,4 of which a first group 1 is situated on one side of the layer 5 and a second group 4 is situated on the other side of the said layer and between the two members 1; the relative positions of the axes of the three guide members 1,4 are fixed and the force exerted by the yarn layer 5 on one of the said groups of members is measured with respect to that (or those) of the other group.The invention is particularly applicable to the slashing of yarn warps on a slasher.

Abstract: The invention relates to active acoustic absorber devices for absorbing the sounds which are emitted by a emitter source and which propagate therefrom, along a pipe. An absorber according to the invention comprises an acoustic tripole which is composed of two auxiliary acoustic sources which constitute a dipole and of a third auxiliary source which constitutes a unipole, these three sources being located in the same acoustic chamber, which chamber is disposed outside the pipe, opens therein through three orifices aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe and comprises a transverse plane of symmetry perpendicular to the axis of the pipe.

Abstract: A system for generating an electrical signal of energy equal to at least 0.5 joule for a time equal to 100 ns. This system comprises capacitor means of the discrete type for energy storage and adapted to be charged to a high voltage and a discharge circuit for said capacitor means comprising in series an electronic switch for controlling the discharge and energy transfer means comprising a first and second output terminals normally intended to be connected to the respective opposite terminals of a load. The energy transfer means comprise flat line means. The first and second metal coatings of these flat line means are connected respectively to the first and second output terminals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the generation of an ionized gas or plasma for measurement of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation utilizing a casing containing an ionizable gas, an oscillating circuit comprising an inductor and a capacitor in the casing, the oscillating circuit being adapted to resonate at a predetermined resonance frequency in the ultra-high frequency range and to have a Q factor in a vacuum of greater than 1 in order to render the circuit capable of producing a firing voltage across the capacitor for ionizing the gas when the inductor receives electromagnetic radiation near the resonance frequency, the casing further including optical conducting means having one end attached to the casing near the capacitor and means attached to the other end of the optical conducting means for analyzing the light transmitted from the conductor as a function of the power of the electromagnetic radiation.