Abstract: A liquid developer composition suitable for use in developing electrostatic charge patterns, which composition contains in an electrically insulating carrier liquid having a volume resistivity of at least 10.sup.9 Ohm.multidot.cm and a dielectric constant below 3, a dispersed particulate coloring substance bearing one or more charge control substances and an organic polymeric material, wherein said polymeric material is a copolymer containing the following recurring units (A) and (B) or (A) and (C): ##STR1## wherein: R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or an acyl group,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or carboxyl in free acid or salt form,R.sup.3 represents hydroxyl or an ether group,A represents an alkylene chain of 12 to 20 carbon atoms,Y.sup.1 represents --CO--O--CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 --Y.sup.2 represents --CO--, andx represents 4 to 20.

Abstract: Color photographic material containing a fast-acting hardener, which acts by activating carboxyl groups, wherein said material contains a 2-pyrazolin-5-one coupler precursor corresponding to one of the following general formulae I or II: ##STR1## wherein EACH OF R.sup.1, R and Y are substituents of the type used in 2-pyrazolin-5-one color couplers, andZ represents acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl,Or ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R, and Y have the above-defined significance, and A represents an alkylene group or an arylene group.

Abstract: The adherence of hydrophilic layers to dimensionally stable polyester films is improved by means of an adhesive layer by a process comprising applying the adhesive layer to an at most monoaxially stretched polyester film, stretching the thus covered polyester film biaxially or in a direction perpendicular to the first stretching direction and heat-setting the thus treated film at 180.degree.-225.degree. C, whereafter a hydrophilic coating is applied to the heat-set adhesive layer. This adhesive layer consists essentially of about 25-60% by weight of a chlorine-containing copolymer, 15-40% by weight of a butadiene copolymer, and 2-10% by weight of a water-soluble melamine-formaldehyde or hydandoin-formaldehyde resin and is free of gelatin.

Abstract: A butt splicer for butt-joining a fresh web to an expiring web, which comprises two relatively displaceable clamping members and one intermediate clamping member, which determine for the two webs common and separate clamping paths. The two webs are cut simultaneously while being on their common paths, one web is cut while being on a separate path, and the two webs are taped together after the strip of said one web comprised between the two cuts has been removed. Butt control means preferably cause a slight separation of the corresponding web end edges before the web ends are taped together.

Abstract: A method and apparatus suited for forming radiographs wherein distribution patterns of penetrating radiation representing radiographic information to be recorded are recorded in terms of electrostatic charge patterns on successive charge-receiving areas distributed along a carrier, by bringing such areas successively into a chamber in which each such area is exposed to an ionizable fluid while this is exposed in an electric field to a pattern of penetrating radiation thus producing in such fluid positive and negative charge carriers and forming with the positive or negative charge carriers a corresponding electrostatic charge pattern on such area, the latter being brought by subsequent movement of the carrier to a position outside such chamber where such electrostatic charge pattern is transferable or developable to form a transferable visible record.

Abstract: Photographic panchromatic black-and-white silver halide recording material having two silver halide emulsion layers wherein a layer, called hereinafter first layer, has a panchromatic sensitivity and another layer, called hereinafter second layer, has a blue sensitivity, which is, when determined on comparable wedge images, at density 0.3 at least 0.6 log I.t units higher than its separately considered green and red sensitivity, wherein for the determination of the sensitivities a blue filter, a green filter, and a red filter as characterized in FIG. 1 are used, both said layers having a substantially identical threshold sensitivity to blue light and the spectral sensitivity of this material at 650 nm being at least 0.8 powers of ten lower than at 620 nm, the sensitivity beyond 650 nm diminishing even further.

Abstract: Masked isocyanates in which the isocyanate group or groups may be generated by heating above 100.degree. C are formed by tetrazolinones and bis(tetrazolinones) corresponding to the formula : ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, alkyl (1-4 C) or a group of formula: ##STR2## and R is an aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical. The bis(tetrazolinones) may be utilized to crosslink upon heating polymers containing active hydrogen atoms. The heating may occur image-wise or record-wise so that layers composed of mixtures of polymers and bis(tetrazolinones) can be used as heat-sensitive recording materials.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide material developed in the presence of a novel antifogging or stabilizing compound which is present in the material and/or in the developing composition and corresponds to the following formula: ##STR1## wherein: Q is sulphur or seleniumX is sulphur, selenium or oxygenY is sulphur, selenium, oxygen or a single bond,R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl group having no nitrogen containing substituents or an aryl group,R.sup.2 represents the same groups as indicated for R.sup.1, provided that only when X represents sulphur or selenium nitrogen containing substituents of alkyl are excluded,R.sup.3 stands for hydrogen, carboxy in acid or salt form, an alkyl group or an aryl group, andR.sup.4 stands for hydrogen provided Y represents a single bond, an alkyl group having no nitrogen containing substituents, when Y represents sulphur or selenium and having no hydroxy substituents when Y represents a single bond and X as well as Q represent sulphur or selenium, or an aryl group,R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: A photographic material is described for making positive images by reversal processing, the material comprising a support and a silver halide Lippmann-emulsion layer the average silver halide grain-size of which is less than 100 nm wherein the grains have been chemically sensitized to fog so that a test portion of the emulsion when coated on a support at a coverage of silver halide corresponding to from about 3 g to about 7 g of silver nitrate per sq.m. gives a density between about 0.20 and about 0.70 upon development without exposure for 6 min at 20.degree. C in a developer of the composition:Hydroquinone: 16.5 gPotassium bromide: 1.7 gSodium salt of EDTA: 1.7 gPotassium metabisulphite: 40 g1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole: 35 gSodium hydroxide and water to make: 1 liter at pH 11.

Abstract: A mechanism is disclosed for dispensing the uppermost sheet from a stack of sheets without excessive friction of the sheets against each other.The mechanism may advantageously be incorporated in a dispenser for radiographic film which may be installed in daylight conditions. In order to perform a loading cycle automatically, auxiliary expedients are described, particularly concerning the opening and closing of the radiographic cassette.

Abstract: An electrodialysis cell intended to be used for the electrolytic rejuvenation of ferricyanide bleach bath into ferricyanide comprises a vessel which is made of carbon and which serves as anode, and a cathode, the space defined by both electrodes being separated by a cationic permeable membrane which is a wall made of asbestos cement which has been treated with a strong acid to remove a substantial part of the cement. The elements of the cell preferably have a cylindrical structure and are concentrically arranged with respect to each other.

Abstract: A flat wrapping or package, e.g., for film sheets, particularly sheets of X-ray film, in which the margins of one web of wrapping material are folded inwardly over the edge margins of a narrower web of wrapping paper with the film sheets sandwiched in between, the contacting web portions are adhered together, and cut edges are sealed together. Each exterior web fold edge is creased along two closely spaced parallel lines spaced apart approximately the thickness of the wrapped film sheet so as to impart to the opposite side edges of the wrapping a generally concave configuration between an upper and lower corner.

Abstract: A pressure roller is composed of a plurality of roller sections, one of said roller sections having a greater diameter than the residual ones. All sections are carried by a common shaft, but the sections having a smaller diameter are eccentrically located on the shaft and freely rotatable thereabout. In this way, by turning the shaft the smaller sections may selectively become situated in such a relation versus the larger ones that the periphery of all sections acquire a common tangent plane in view of an opposed surface. The opposed surface may be a xerographic drum or belt and the pressure roller, after applying a suitable electric DC potential to it, may serve as part of transfer device adapted for being used for the transfer of toner image towards a paper passing between the nip of the pressure roller and the xerographic drum or belt, whereby the effective width of the pressure roller is a function of the width of the paper.

Abstract: A butt-splicer for butt-joining a fresh web to a progressing web, wherein the progressing web is pulled about a web-supporting roller and the fresh web is introduced between the progressing web and the web-supporting roller, and the cutting, and the taping of both webs occur within the angle of wrapping about the web-supporting roller, thereby to produce accurate splices.

Abstract: Method for the production of biaxially molecularly oriented polymeric film with more balanced tensile characteristics across the width, by subjecting the film between the longitudinal and the transverse stretching to an intermediate release treatment comprising maintaining the film at reduced longitudinal tension and at a temperature which is comprised between the second order transition temperature of the film and a temperature which is by 30.degree. C higher.

Abstract: A package for packaging a stack of articles in sheet form comprises at least two strips which are overlappingly sealed to each other, so forming a loosely overlying edge which greatly facilitates opening of the package. The whole may be provided with protective sheets at both sides of the stack, whereby said protective sheets may have a row of perforations at the edge of the composing strips so that the first sheet of the stack may easily be taken from the stack after removing part of the protective sheets.

Abstract: Novel antihalation layer(s) for use in a light-sensitive silver halide element and comprising a 5-pyrazolone-monomethine oxonol of formula I and a 5-pyrazolone-pentamethine oxonol of formula II : ##STR1## wherein: EACH OF R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group,Each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or the group COOR wherein R is alkyl or aryl, andEach dye molecule contains at least two carboxyl groups in their free acid form and further contains no solubilizing groups.

Abstract: A process is provided for adhering an antistatic layer to a dimensionally stable polyester film support, e.g. a film of polyethylene terephthalate. To an unstretched or only monoaxially stretched polyester film is applied an antistatic layer from an aqueous coating composition. After drying of the antistatic layer it is stretched biaxially or in a direction perpendicular to the first stretching operation, together with the polyester film support and thereafter the polyester film is heat-setted. The aqueous coating composition comprises 30 to 80% by weight of an electroconductive product, 10 to 40% by weight of a stretch-improving agent and 10 to 40% by weight of an inert filler material.The polyester film support may be provided on its opposite side with a subbing layer and one or more light-sensitive gelatin silver halide emulsion layers.

Abstract: A recording process, wherein an organic reducing compound being present in a supported or self-supporting layer and corresponding to one of the following general formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, an aliphatic group or a cycloaliphatic group, andR.sub.2 represents an aliphatic oxy group, a cycloaliphatic oxy group, an aryloxy group, an amino group of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 (same or different) represent hydrogen, an aliphatic, a cycloaliphatic or an aromatic group or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent together the necessary atoms to close a heterocyclic nitrogen containing nucleus; ##STR3## wherein: R.sub.5 represents an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group, is caused to effect in said layer under the influence of information-wise heating an information-wise reduction of a reducible reaction partner.

Abstract: Reduction and gold fogged Lippmann emulsions are described wherein the emulsion is fogged with from 0.07 to 0.5 milliequivalents of reduction fogging agent and from 0.01 to 0.1 millimole of gold fogging agent per mole of silver halide and the emulsion comprises more than 2 g and at most 10 g of electron acceptor(s) per mole of silver halide.