Abstract: An optical element such as a beam splitter for interferometer separates a heterodyne beam from the laser into separate beams having different the frequencies and orthogonal polarizations. Optical fibers can conduct the separate beams to a beam combiner for interferometer optics. The PBS and/or the beam combiner can use a coating to reflect one linear polarization and transmit an orthogonal linear polarization. To improve extinction ratios in the PBS or the beam combiner, a yaw angle for an input beam is non-zero and corresponds to a peak in the extinction ratio of a reflected beam.

Abstract: An alignment assembly for an optics module includes an alignment stage that is enabled to provide an adjustment of the relative positioning of a light beam and a lens, but also includes a locking mechanism which disables the movement of the alignment stage following a one-time alignment procedure. The locking mechanism may include one or more heaters and meltable material which is heated during the one-time alignment procedure and cooled when the target relative position between the beam and the lens is achieved.

Abstract: A polarization conditioner for aligning a collimator to provide a polarized light signal. The apparatus includes input and output collimators. An adjustment mechanism can be used to adjust a position of the output collimator in order to align it for receiving one of the polarized light signals from the beam splitter through free space.

Abstract: A novel probe block assembly which independently floats multiple probe blocks in a single frame is presented. The independently floating probe blocks allow multiple probes to align independently with respective multiple mating features on a device under test. The use of a single frame allows multiple insertion probe testing via one actuation motion.

Abstract: Methods of using an addressable array of biopolymers which has been exposed to a sample, and apparatus and computer program products for use of the arrays. In one embodiment the method includes detecting signals from the exposed array to obtain a signal image of the array. The array signal image is saved in a memory. Based on the detected signals, a shape of each region in one or more sets of multiple regions on the array signal image is established. A definition of the shapes of the established regions of each set is saved in a memory. Each region of each set is processed according to a corresponding routine for that set.

Abstract: An electronic probe extender. In representative embodiments, an electronic probe extender is disclosed which includes a probe connector that is capable of electronic contact to an electronic test probe, an electronic signal conductor connected electronically to the probe connector, and an electronic probe tip connected electronically to the signal conductor. The electronic probe tip includes a tapered electronically conductive tip. The electronic probe tip is capable of electronic connection to an electronic test point.

Abstract: Systems and methods for manipulating a graphical display are provide. One embodiment comprises a method for manipulating a graphical display. Briefly described, one such method comprises the steps of: providing a graphical user interface comprising a first portion for providing a graphical display, the graphical display comprising a plurality of image objects; receiving a user selection of a first image object in the first portion of the graphical user interface; displaying a target area containing the first image object selected; receiving a user selection of a second image object in the first portion of the graphical user interface; and modifying the displayed target area such that the target area contains the first and second image objects.

Abstract: Optical phase detection includes generating a first lightwave having a first polarization and a second lightwave having a polarization that is offset from the first polarization, and imposing a relative delay between the first and second lightwaves. The relative delay causes a frequency offset between the lightwaves as wavelength is tuned over a designated wavelength range. Directing the first and second lightwaves to a target provides a third lightwave and a fourth lightwave. A polarization component of the third lightwave and a polarization component of the fourth lightwave are detected to provide a detected signal at the frequency offset. The optical phase detection then includes extracting a phase difference, induced by the target, between the polarization components of the third and the fourth lightwaves.

Abstract: Methods for producing glass substrates having scribed edges with straight and smooth ends substantially free of edge protrusions, and microarray glass substrates produced thereby, are provided. In certain embodiments, at least one scribe line is scribed in glass using reduced laser power at the beginning and end of each scribe line relative to the laser power used to scribe the remaining portions of each respective scribe line. In other embodiments, a heat absorbing laser element is positioned adjacent the beginning and end of each scribe line. In all embodiments, the scribed glass is singulated to produce a plurality of scribed glass pieces, each having straight and smooth ends substantially free of edge protrusions. The scribed glass can be used as substrates for biopolymeric microarrays. Also provided are biopolymeric microarrays produced from the subject methods and kits which include the subject microarrays, as well as methods for using the same.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for delivering a plurality of different biological materials onto discrete locations on a receiving surface, as for example to fabricate an array of different biological materials. The apparatus and methods may include a plurality of orifices in an orifice member, at least six delivery chambers each in fluid conducting relationship with at least one of the orifices, a plurality of reservoirs each in fluid communication with at least one of the delivery chambers, means associated with each orifice for propelling fluid through the associated orifice from the delivery chamber that is in fluid conducting relationship with the orifice, and a vent for commonly venting at least two of the reservoirs. In some embodiments the chambers and reservoirs are loaded with fluids containing selected biomolecules by drawing the selected fluids into the chambers through the orifices; in other embodiments the fluids are introduced into the reservoirs.

Abstract: A speech-responsive command and control system and methodology for use in a signal measurement system, enabling an operator to control certain features and functions of the oscilloscope without using manual or graphical controls. A speech-responsive command and control system includes a speech recognition engine constructed and arranged to validate digital voice signals in accordance with an associated grammar file defining command and control utterances for controlling the signal measurement system. A voice controlled measurement system controller is also included. This controller is constructed and arranged to control the signal measurement system in response to text utterances validated by the speech recognition engine. The grammar may include rules defining acceptable command and control utterances suitable for controlling the signal measurement system.

Abstract: A portable calibration unit for calibrating test equipment is disclosed that may incorporate a communication interface for connecting to a computer embedded within the test equipment, a variable signal source for producing a test signal, a processor in communication with the computer for controlling the variable signal source, and a test interface for communicating the test signal to the test equipment.

Abstract: A power meter is provided in which calibration is carried out as an automated procedure controlled by the meter.

Abstract: Methods for correcting systematic errors in the measured position of deposited features of a nucleic acid array on a substrate. Systematic errors are modeled by an algorithmic model based on measuring the positions (and possibly other properties) of a subset of the features, and a model is constructed for predicting deviations in feature position from an ideal grid. Deviations arising in the deposition process, the scanning process, or both may be corrected.

Abstract: An optical heterodyne detection system includes a tunable optical pre-selector that is adjusted to track the frequency of a swept local oscillator signal. The tunable optical pre-selector is adjusted in response to a measure of the frequency of the swept local oscillator signal and in response to a measure of a portion of the swept local oscillator signal after the portion of the swept local oscillator signal has optically interacted with the optical pre-selector. In an embodiment, at least some portion of the swept local oscillator signal is modulated before it interacts with the optical pre-selector. In an embodiment, the portion of the swept local oscillator signal that interacts with the pre-selector is detected and used in a feedback control circuit to generate a control signal which causes the error between the center frequency of the pre-selector and the frequency of the swept local oscillator signal to be small.

Abstract: A system for characterizing optical properties of a device under test (DUT) uses an expanded local oscillator signal to perform multiple parallel interferometric measurements. In one system, the expanded local oscillator signal is optically connected to a lens array. The lens array focuses the expanded swept local oscillator signal into multiple beams. The multiple beams are then used in multiple parallel interferometric measurements. The multiple beams may be used as the reference beams or applied to the DUT and used as the test beams depending on the application. The test beams and reference beams are combined to perform the interferometric measurements. In another system, a portion of the expanded local oscillator signal is applied directly to a DUT as the test beam while another portion of the expanded local oscillator signal is used for the reference beam.

Abstract: An ion source for an analytical instrument is described. The ion source comprises a capillary tip and counter-electrode interface and a feedback loop control device connected to the capillary tip and counter-electrode interface. The feedback loop control device comprises a transimpedance amplifier, a DC de-coupler, a frequency to voltage converter, a controller, and a voltage-controlled high-voltage power supply that provides a tip to counter-electrode voltage to the capillary tip and counter-electrode interface. The feedback loop control device measures the modulation frequency of ionization currents and provides a feedback adjustment of the tip-to-counter-electrode voltage to maintain ionization efficiency.

Abstract: A dynamic waveform manager and an application policy are provided to an electronic device that executes an application requiring the use of waveforms accessed from a waveform table characterized by a limited number of entries. The application policy contains waveform sequencing information specific to the application. The application may utilize any number of waveforms that are typically stored in a memory separate from the waveform table. The dynamic waveform manager monitors the execution of the application, and manages loading and unloading of waveforms required by the application into and out of the waveform table such that each waveform required by the application is loaded in the waveform prior to and at least by the time it is needed by the application. The dynamic waveform manager accesses the application policy to reference the waveform sequencing information specific to the application for use in determining when and which waveforms to load and unload to and from the waveform table.

Abstract: An adaptive image tone mapping curve based on perceptual preference guidelines is generated as a sigmoidal function, in which the sigmoidal function parameters (slope and shift) are determined by original image statistics. Tone curves generated for different images each have a smooth sigmoidal shape, so that the tone mapping process does not change the image histogram shape drastically. The sigmoidal function has the form: t ? ( x ) = 100 1 + exp ? ( - ? ? ( x / 100 - ? ) ) , where ? is the slope parameter and ? is the shift parameter. The input value x in the sigmoidal function varies in the range [0, 100], because the tone curve is generated on an L* scale, which has values from 0 to 100.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a switch having a channel plate and a switching fluid. The channel plate defines at least a portion of a number of cavities, a first cavity of which is defined by an ultrasonically milled channel in the channel plate. The switching fluid is held within one or more of the cavities, and is movable between at least first and second switch states in response to forces that are applied to the switching fluid. Alternate switch embodiments, and a method for making a switch, are also disclosed.