Abstract: A method is provided for continuously monitoring for the presence or quantity of an analyte in a flowing liquid stream. The method involves binding an analyte-specific receptor species to the surface of a piezoelectric substrate, contacting the surface bound receptor species with the flowing liquid stream and quantitating the presence of the analyte. A novel apparatus for detecting the presence of an analyte in a liquid chromatography eluant is provided as well.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for shortening the read operation (typically the longest operation) in a destructive read memory is disclosed. The rewrite step is separated from the read operation and delayed to the subsequent clock cycle. A FeRAM memory cell having two ports is needed so that consecutive operations do not conflict with each other. A read operation is initiated through a first port in a first clock cycle. In the subsequent clock cycle, the rewrite finishes through the first port. The next operation utilizes the second port, without conflicting with the rewrite process. By alternating ports used in each clock cycle, the rewrite step is hidden in the subsequent clock cycle to shorten the read operation. In an alternate method, all read operations are initiated through one port, while the second port is reserved exclusively for write operations and rewrites.

Abstract: A device for manipulating ions which includes a perforated folder of electrically conducted material, a first electrode fixed to the holder and a second electrode extending parallel to the first electrode and spaced from the first electrode and holder. The second electrode is connected to the holder through a rigid support of electrically insulated material.

Abstract: An integrated circuit package is provided with alignment pads which are solid or annular ring shaped. Alignment members such as balls or bullets are attached to the alignment pads via a wetting media. When heated, the wetting media serves to center and seat the alignment members on the alignment pads. When cooled, the wetting media serves to bond the alignment members to the alignment pads.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one optical property of an optical device comprises providing an optical input signal that includes first and second signal components that are modulated at first and second frequencies, respectively, and that have first and second polarization states, respectively. The optical input signal is passed to an optical device. An optical output signal from the optical device is separated into first and second output signals that have third and fourth polarization states, respectively. The first and second output signals are each compared with reference signals at the first and second frequencies to provide four phase shift and amplitude measurements that can be used to determine the at least one optical property of the optical device as a function of wavelength.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring a characteristic of an analog signal are provided. A system for measuring a characteristic of an analog signal includes an analog to digital converter that is configured to convert an analog signal into a digital form that includes at least one digital data value, and logic that is configured to associate a data tag with the data value.

Abstract: Known optical notch filter devices employing Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) do not completely filter out light of a predetermined wavelength from light from an optical source, because the light of the predetermined wavelength has a combination of polarisation states, namely the p-polarised and s-polarised states. In known device arrangements, if the light of the predetermined wavelength is to be completely filtered out of the light from the optical source, a secondary optical notch filter device has to be provided. The present invention overcomes these disadvantages and achieves complete filtration of light of the predetermined wavelength from the light from the optical source by providing a polarisation modifying element to rotate the state of polarisation of s-polarised light into p-polarised light that can be filtered by a single optical notch filter device employing SPR.

Abstract: Generalised service detail records are created for a telephony service carried over a packet data network by monitoring packet network service data, signaling data and quality of service data, and combining these data to produce the required service detail records.

Abstract: A system and method for generating a boundary-scan description language file is disclosed. In a simplified embodiment of the invention, the system utilizes a memory; software stored within the memory defining functions to be performed by the system; and a processor.

Abstract: A microdisplay is provided in which a display area, a bonding pad connected to the display area, and a contact pad operatively connected to the bonding pad are all located on a silicon die. An electrically conductive, coated glass is located over the display area and is electrically connected to the contact pad by a flexible conductive material. Under the coated glass is a material which responds to electricity to control the transmission or emission of light.

Abstract: A sampling apparatus including two or more samplers, where a signal is sampled simultaneously by each sampler and the values sampled by one of the samplers is then used. In this way, sampling operations for the purpose of ranging are eliminated, and the time required for ranging can be shortened. Moreover, the possibility that the instantaneous values of the signal input to the sampler will exceed the input range of the sampler can be inferred in each sampler by establishing a suitable threshold value for its sample values.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a high-speed analog to digital converter and an ADC that implements the method. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to calibrate the stages of a pipeline ADC to compensate for variations in gain from stage to stage and optionally to compensate for harmonic distortion. Current amplifiers each having gain of about 1.6 are used for low power consumption, minimal surface area requirements, and rapid sampling speed. Weighting factors are stored in lookup tables to minimize the number of adders required to generate the output digital word.

Abstract: A liquid crystal pixel driving technique is described that uses a voltage amplifier employing operational transconductance amplifiers and current mirrors to increase LC (Liquid Crystal)-based micro display contrast fidelity and lower production costs. The voltage amplifier has a current follower coupled between a voltage-to-current converter and a voltage buffer. The voltage amplifier employs operational transconductance amplifiers and at least one current mirror to achieve a fixed output swing of an output voltage from the voltage buffer based upon an input swing of a single-ended input voltage to the voltage-to-current converter. A marginal change in the output voltage from the voltage buffer is substantially linear and proportional to a marginal change in the input voltage input to the voltage-to-current converter. For one embodiment of the voltage amplifier, gain and voltage offset of the output voltage can be adjusted by changing the values of two resistors.

Abstract: A system for simplifying clock construction and distribution within an integrated circuit, and for simplifying analysis within the integrated circuit. The system utilizes a memory, software stored within said memory defining functions to be performed by the system, and a processor.

Abstract: A switch device and a method of manufacture are provided that includes providing two substrates. The two substrates collectively include a fluid conductor switch device structure and a trench surrounding the fluid conductor switch device structure. An inner seal material is deposed on one of the substrates and an outer seal material is deposited in the trench. The substrates are joined to one another using the inner seal material and a peripheral hermetic seal is formed between the substrates using the outer seal material.

Abstract: An echo plug is plugged into a hands-free jack of a wireless telephone for testing purposes. A test signal is transmitted from a test system to the wireless telephone over a test call. In the echo plug, the test signal is looped back from a speaker connection to a microphone connection of the hands-free jack. The test signal is transmitted from the wireless telephone to the test system over the test call. In other embodiments, an echo plug is used to loop a test signal from a speaker connection of a first wireless telephone to a microphone connection of a second wireless telephone.

Abstract: A preferred integrated circuit (IC) includes a first pad electrically communicating with at least a portion of the IC. The first pad includes a first driver and a first receiver, with the first driver being configured to provide a first pad output signal to a component external to the IC, and the first receiver being configured to receive a first pad input signal from a component external to the IC. The first receiver also is configured to provide, to a component internal to the IC, a first receiver digital output signal in response to the first pad input signal. A first test circuit also is provided that is internal to the IC. The first test circuit is adapted to provide information corresponding to the driver clock-to-q time of the first pad. Systems, methods and computer-readable media also are provided.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (100) is disclosed comprising a p-n junction diode for emitting light; and a transparent casing encapsulating the p-n junction diode. The transparent casing having an inner portion in contact with the p-n junction diode, wherein the refractive index of the transparent casing is higher at the inner portion than an outer portion thereof. In one embodiment the transparent casing comprises at least a first and a second transparent layer, with the first transparent layer encapsulating the p-n junction diode, and the second transparent layer encapsulating the first transparent layer, wherein the refractive index of the first transparent layer is higher than the refractive index of the second transparent layer. In an alternative embodiment the transparent casing comprises at least one transparent layer, wherein the refractive index of the transparent layer is higher at an inner portion than an outer portion thereof.

Abstract: A blade-like connecting needle for measuring a semiconductor wafer has an increased capability for measuring a small current and also has stable characteristics. The blade-like connecting needle includes a blade signal line for transmitting signal from the semiconductor wafer, a support insulator covering at least a portion of the blade signal line, a plurality of blade guard patterns disposed in or on the support insulator for electromagnetically shielding the blade signal line, and a probe supported on the support insulator and connected to the blade signal line. There are also disclosed processes of producing the blade-like connecting needle. A method for manufacturing a coaxial or hollow blade-like connecting needle is also provided.

Abstract: A circuit board assembly comprising a circuit board with a recessed end portion, and an optical transceiver module mounted on a daughter board. The daughter board is mounted on the circuit board so that a portion of the daughter board extends over the recess of the circuit board. The optical transceiver module mounted on the daughter board is then positioned in the recess of the circuit board.