Abstract: A method for generating a photoresist pattern on top of an object that includes a layer of material that is opaque to light of a predetermined wavelength. The object is first covered with a layer of photoresist material. The layer of photoresist material is then irradiated with light of the predetermined wavelength from a position under the object such that the object casts a shadow into the layer of photoresist. The photoresist material is then developed to generate the photoresist pattern. The layer of photoresist material is irradiated from below the object by providing a reflecting surface below the object and a light source above the object. A mask is positioned between the object and the light source such that the mask casts a shadow that covers the object and a portion of the area surrounding the object.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing a mixture of sample substances comprises a fluid-guiding structure wherein the sample substances are moving essentially in one dimension along the structure and are subject to at least two separation mechanisms, such as capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and capillary zone electrophoresis using high voltage. The signals from a detection means are supplied to a signal processing means, which derives a parameter therefrom which in turn is used to derive improved measuring results for each of the separation results associated with the various separation mechanisms, respectively. The apparatus can be used for protein analysis, for example in combination with a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A camera module includes a gradient index lens on a spacer plate attached over an array of pixel sensors and associated micro lenses. The spacer plate and gradient index lens can be formed at the wafer level during the manufacture of multiple camera modules. A process for manufacturing the camera modules thus provides tolerances and yields provided by wafer processing techniques rather than mechanical assembly.

Abstract: Methods to identify inter-carrier telephone calls in a telephone system that are being mis-routed in such a way as to violate existing regulatory tariffs and/or established inter-carrier contracts. The common name for this manipulation is “arbitrage”, and the intent of the perpetrators is to take advantage of lower rates associated with the delivery of telephone traffic via other routes. Through the processes of collecting call detail records and their correlation in representative embodiments, various call “legs” associated with the same call can be identified, and a more accurate “compound” call record can be made that incorporates call routing information obtained from the individual call legs. A statistical analysis can then be performed to more clearly illuminate any arbitrage.

Abstract: A solution to the word alignment problem in a Serializer Deserializer (SERDES)/Media Access Controller environment is to have for each SERDES lane: a recovered clock, a Write Pointer counter and a FIFO. Misaligned words are simply stored in their FIFO's according to the respective recovered clocks and straightforward increments of the various Write Pointers WP_i. One of the lanes is selected as a reference, and the contents of the other FIFO's are inspected to determine the nature of their misalignment, if any. Then the values from the Read Pointer counters RP_i are individually offset by corresponding amounts to compensate for the misalignment, so that when data is read it is indeed aligned. These offsets by corresponding amounts are simply individual per lane adjustments to the various Read Pointers, and cooperate with the adjustments to those Read Pointer for rate matching.

Abstract: A heat sink comprises a core member comprising at least one core member first surface. The core member first surface is adapted to contact or be located adjacent at least a portion of the heat source. At least one outer peripheral surface is located on the core member. At least one cooling fin is operatively connected to the outer peripheral surface and extends in a direction substantially normal to the core member first surface. At least a portion of the outer peripheral surface is tapered, wherein the circumference of the outer peripheral surface in the proximity of the first surface is greater than the circumference of the outer peripheral surface not in the proximity of the first surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a post-etch cleaning treatment for a semiconductor device such as a FeRAM. The treatment comprises providing an etchant comprising both a fluorine compound and a chlorine compound, and applying the etchant to the semiconductor device in a wet cleaning process.

Abstract: An integrated tunable laser structure comprising a substrate made of semiconductor material, the substrate comprising a first, a second, and a third section. The first section provides a low-selective interferometric filtering together with an amplification of a light wave resonating in the laser structure. The second section provides continuous fine-tuning and phase adjustment of the light wave, and the third section provides a wavelength selective reflection of the light wave. Each section allows current injection, wherein a current into the first section causes a wavelength shift of the low-selective interferometric filtering, a current into the second section causes a wavelength shift of resonator modes, and a current into the third section causes a wavelength shift of the wavelength selective reflection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a work station and method for applying a blocking material such as pitch or the like to a selected location on a workpiece or workpieces, wherein the work station includes an automated blocking material dispenser, an X-Y stage for positioning the workpiece(s) and a microprocessor, and wherein the method includes the synchronized operation of the X-Y stage and the dispenser under control of the microprocessor to deposit a selected amount and shape of the blocking material in a selected location or locations on a workpiece or workpieces with a high degree of repeatability in a short cycle time.

Abstract: A method of operating a communication network with a network management system is described. Said communication network comprises a number of objects being stored in a database on a server. Said network management system is located on the server which can be accessed by a client. Said method of operating the communication network comprises the transmission of data between the server and the client under the use of the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). Said method comprises the step of using a single definition for creating a number of objects.

Abstract: A data manipulation method to make local chromatography data more usable and comparable to a reference. The method provides time axis correction to better match local data to a reference of the same time scale, time axis transformation to correspond more directly to a reference based on a different time scale, and response axis correction to better match a reference of the same or different response scale, while maintaining the original peak areas. The method may be used along or concurrently with other data manipulation technique to facilitate operations such as searching, matching, visual comparison, mathematical manipulation, and pattern recognition of chromatographic data.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided that is capable of analyzing light at the input of an optical waveguide of an optical device under test (DUT) and/or at the output of the waveguide, preferably at both. At the input of the waveguide, light having a particular polarization state generated by a polarization controller is output from the polarization controller and coupled into a proximal end of an optical fiber. The measurement system analyzes the polarization state of the light being launched from the opposite, or distal, end of the optical fiber into the waveguide input of the DUT to determine whether and by how much the polarization state of the light has been changed by the optical fiber. The polarization controller is altered, if necessary, to compensate for any changes in the polarization state caused by the optical fiber so that the polarization state of light being launched into the input of the optical fiber is known and is controllable.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor device that comprises a first layer, a second layer and a buffer layer sandwiched between the first layer and the second layer. The second layer is a layer of a single-crystal nitride semiconductor material including AlN and has a thickness greater than the thickness at which cracks would form if the second layer were grown directly on the first layer. The buffer layer is a layer of a low-temperature-deposited nitride semiconductor material that includes AlN. Incorporating the nitride semiconductor device into a semiconductor laser diode enables the laser diode to generate coherent light having a far-field pattern that exhibits a single peak.

Abstract: A logic analyzer integrates the capabilities of both textual and graphical description into a common environment, so that each can be used as needed, and in conjunction with the other. In an example embodiment a trigger specification can comprise many “steps”. A step can be conceptualized as an atomic segment of flow charting that involves or investigates a quantity or condition of interest. These steps may involve testing, and a decision concerning whether or not to trigger or whether or not to advance to a next step. A given step can be either textual or graphical. A GUI (Graphical User Interface, as in computer windows, and not to be confused with ‘graphical’ meaning ‘waveform-like’) on a CRT screen in conjunction with a pointing device (e.g., mouse) provides the presentation of the integrated textual and graphical (waveform-like) trigger specification steps.

Abstract: An optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) device comprising optical components that are integrated together to provide an optical WDM that does not require circulators, that has simplified alignment and that is relatively low in cost. The WDM device comprises an integrated port separator, a dispersive element and a reflector. The integrated port separator comprises various optical components, that spatially separate the polarization components of a light beam input through an input port of the integrated port separator. The spatially separated polarization components are output from the integrated port separator and impinge on the dispersive element, which spatially separates the wavelengths associated with the polarization components impinging thereon. The spatially separated wavelengths then impinge on the reflective element and are reflected with angles of polarization that depend on the state of the reflective element.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for producing and inspecting a plurality of deposited features in a pattern on a portion of a substrate surface, as in an oligonucleotide array. The apparatus comprises a printhead for depositing a fluid to form the array of features on the substrate surface and a camera for imaging the deposited features. The apparatus also comprises a printhead controller for positioning and activating the inkjet printhead to deposit the array features. The camera, e.g., a digital line scan camera, is controlled by a camera controller such that the camera acquires images corresponding to substantially only the portion of the surface on which features should have been deposited. The camera and printhead are preferably situated such that an induced movement of the printhead relative to the substrate results in a substantially identical corresponding movement of the camera.

Abstract: A diagnosis engine for diagnosing a device having a plurality of components receives test results of a set of tests on the device where at least one test has failed, and a model giving the coverage of the tests on the components of the device and information describing probabilistic dependencies between the tests. The diagnosis engine includes a specifier to specify a number N of components that may be simultaneously bad, N being an integer, and a computer to compute, within floating point computation errors, a likelihood that each of subsets of the components having size less than or equal to N are the bad components.

Abstract: An electronic instrument includes instrument hardware. A data acquisition engine schedules time sharing of the instrument hardware. Channel objects act each as a client of the data acquisition engine. The channel objects each included a channel buffer that contains data obtained from the instrument hardware. Measurement objects are each a client of one of the plurality of channel objects. Each measurement object processes data obtained from a channel buffer of a channel object to which the measurement object is a client. Display window objects are each a client of at least one of the plurality of measurement objects, each display window object displaying data processed by any measurement object to which the display window object is a client. Memory within the electronic instrument is allocated among object types to accommodate a user specified mix of object types.

Abstract: Probes and methods for testing electrical circuits are provided. One such probe includes a conductive socket, a conductive spring, and a housing that guides the conductive spring to the conductive socket to form an electrical connection between the spring and the socket. Once such method includes providing a conical housing and a spring and guiding the spring to the socket via the conical housing. The guiding step ensures that the spring contacts the socket during assembly and, therefore, ensures that a conductive path from the socket to the spring is provided. Methods and other probes are also provided.

Abstract: In a method for characterizing frequency translation devices (FTDs), a stimulus signal is applied to a first port of a frequency translation device and a drive signal is applied to a second port of the frequency translation device. A third port of the frequency translation device is coupled to an input of a filter. The frequency translation device, at the third port, provides a translated signal having a sum signal component and a difference signal component. A first, second and third reflection response to the applied stimulus signal are obtained with alternative terminations coupled to an output of the filter. The reflection responses include variations in either the sum signal component or the difference signal component as designated by the filter, where the variations depend on which of the alternative terminations is coupled to the output of the filter.