Abstract: A light source constructed from a two dimensional array of light emitting devices. The light emitting devices include first, second and third types of light emitter. The first type of light emitting device covers a first area in the two dimensional array and emits light in a first region of the optical spectrum. The second type of light emitting device covers a second area in the two dimensional array and emits light in a second region of the optical spectrum, and the third type of light emitting device covers a third area in the two dimensional array and emits light in a third region of the optical spectrum. The first, second, and third areas are chosen such that the simultaneous output from all emitters generates white light. At least one of the emitter types covers an area larger than that covered by the others.

Abstract: A programmable monolithic integrated logic circuit that includes look up table circuits and programmable logic array-like circuits. The integrated circuit can include a first number of the look up tables and a second number of the programmable logic array-like circuits and where the first and second numbers are related by a ratio of between 0.25:1 and 6:1, between 1:1 and 5:1, or about 4:1. The programmable logic array-like circuits can each include at least 10,000 or 50,000 equivalent two-input NAND gates, and the look up tables and the programmable logic array-like circuits can each comprise static random access cells. A method of implementing a logic circuit includes reading a netlist that includes a plurality of subnets.

Abstract: A multichannel capillary column having an interior wall defining a single internal bore, wherein the interior wall defines a plurality of n channels and n ridges, wherein adjacent channels are partially separated by a respectively interposed ridge, and wherein a central, coaxial portion of the internal bore allows cross-channel fluid communication between all of the n channels.

Abstract: A light guiding element for routing a light signal between an input port and an output port or for blocking the propagation of the light signal between the input and output ports depending on the state of the switching element. The guiding element utilizes a beam splitter for separating the input light signal into physically separated first and second polarized light signals, the first light signal having a polarization that is orthogonal to that of the second light signal. A first polarization rotator rotates the polarization of the first light signal such that the polarization of the first light signal is parallel to that of the second light signal. A first waveguide having first and second states operates on the first light signal such that the first waveguide guides the first light signal along a predetermined path in the first state while not guiding the first light signal in the second state.

Abstract: The crosstalk-inhibiting arrangement is used on a switching cell in which an optical signal from an input waveguide is alternatingly directed to first and second output waveguides, depending upon whether there is fluid in a region between the input waveguide and the first output waveguide. The fluid has a refractive index selected to promote propagation of light energy through the fluid. However, in the absence of fluid, the light is reflected toward a second switching mechanism via an intermediate waveguide. The intermediate waveguide is at an angle greater than 90° relative to the input waveguide. The second switching mechanism is also fluid-manipulable and is used to inhibit leakage reflection from passing to the second output waveguide. Preferably, the angle between the intermediate waveguide and the input waveguide is in the range of 95° to 150°.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a device for monitoring an infant for the onset of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), detecting the onset of SIDS and providing immediate treatment. In the broadest sense, the invention includes an apparatus for detecting and treating SIDS. The apparatus comprises a data gatherer for monitoring an infant parameter, a controller for communicating with the data gatherer, an energy source operable to power the data gatherer for monitoring the infant parameter and further operable to provide energy to an energy delivery system which is operable to deliver an electric shock from an energy source to an electrode interface, and an alarm which is activated by the controller for alerting a remote caregiver to the onset of symptoms associated with SIDS. The invention also relates to a method of operating a SIDS monitor. The method comprises the steps of monitoring an infant parameter, determining whether the monitored parameter is an acceptable value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing variable defibrillation waveforms using switch-mode amplification are provided. In one embodiment, a defibrillation waveform generator is described that includes a rapid-discharge capacitor, a controller, and a switch-mode amplifier. The rapid-discharge capacitor is charged to a charge voltage that may be discharged over a time frame consistent with the chronaxie time of a human heart. The controller generates at least one control signal, which may be pulse-width modulated. The switch-mode amplifier responsive to the control signals, optionally supplemented by a biphasic converter, selectively amplifies the charge voltage so that the magnitude, phase, and timing of the amplification may be varied, thus resulting in a variable waveform. In some embodiments, the present invention includes both step-up and step-down converters.

Abstract: An electrotherapy apparatus performs a low level impedance measurement upon the patient to determine the initial charge level on the capacitor used to deliver an electrotherapy waveform to the patient. In addition, the waveform applied to the patient is dynamically controlled to compensate for patient impedance variability. Determining the initial charge level in this manner prevents unnecessarily high peak currents from flowing in low impedance patients while maintaining peak current in high impedance patients at therapeutically beneficial levels. The electrotherapy apparatus includes a measuring device used for measuring a parameter related to the impedance of the patient. The parameter is used for determining low level patient impedance. The measuring device provides a voltage output used by a controller for determining the initial charge level of the capacitor. A first embodiment of a first electrotherapy apparatus includes four electronic switches to deliver a bi-phasic waveform to the patient.

Abstract: The circuit includes an electro-optical mixer, such as an electro-optical Mach-Zehnder modulator (2), with non-linear behaviour. The modulator (2) receives as input an optical signal (Pin) at the frequency to be divided, in addition to an electric signal (e3) at a given frequency, usually corresponding to the frequency deriving from such division. The output optical signal (Pout) from modulator (2) exhibits a modulation spectrum containing the frequency difference between the frequency to be divided and at least one harmonic of the frequency of the above electric signal. After having been converted into an electric signal (e1), the output signal of the mixer is subjected to a filtering action (8) to extract the above frequency difference component. This latter one is then used both as electrical signal (e3) for the mixing, and as output signal from the divider (e2). The preferred application is to OTDM systems, to extract a synchronism signal at tributary signal frequency.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing in a gas stream a vapor of a liquid. The sensor includes a micropore and a wet temperature sensor. The micropore has an evaporation end and has a lumen to conduct liquid from a supply of the liquid for evaporation at the evaporation end. The wet temperature sensor has a heat sensitive part in contact with the liquid in the micropore. The heat sensitive part circumscribes the micropore and forms part of the lumen. Heat loss due to evaporation of the liquid when the wet temperature sensor wet with the liquid is placed in the gas stream will result in the temperature sensed by the wet temperature sensor being lower than the non-evaporative temperature of the gas stream. This lowering in temperature can be measured to determine the concentration of the vapor in the gas stream. An example of such a sensor has a thermocouple junction having micropores passing through the thermocouple junction.

Abstract: A distributed control system including self-organizing components which are preselected on the basis of built in behaviors which are needed to perform a particular application. The built in behaviors enable the components to automatically self-organize and perform the application once coupled to the network.

Abstract: An optical subassembly and a method of fabricating the same utilize a subassembly body that is formed by molding the subassembly body onto a substrate. Preferably, the subassembly body is constructed of a plastic material that can be molded into a precise shape. The subassembly body and the substrate become an integral unit when the molded plastic material is polymerized. The optical subassembly includes the subassembly body, the substrate, an optical element, an optoelectronic device, and a transmitter or receiver integrated circuit (IC) chip. The optoelectronic device and the transmitter/receiver IC chip are affixed to the substrate. Preferably, the substrate is a flexible circuit having a number of electrical traces. The flexible circuit may be composed of a polymer material. The optoelectronic device is positioned on the substrate such that the optoelectronic device is located within an opening in the subassembly body.

Abstract: The invention provides a broadband double-balanced mixer capable of operating across a range of frequencies from millimeter to microwave. The mixer includes a Wilkinson type splitter.

Abstract: A signal scaling system and methodology for use in a signal measurement system such as a digital or analog oscilloscope, logic analyzer, network analyzer, spectrum analyzer or waveform generator that has a graphical user interface which controls a waveform display region on a display device. The signal scaling system determines one or more displayed waveform scaling parameters to cause portions of selected displayed waveforms appearing within a rescaling rectangle to occupy a predetermined portion of the waveform display region other than the rescaling rectangle. For each of the selected displayed waveforms, the scaling parameters may include horizontal scaling, horizontal offset, vertical scaling and vertical offset. Preferably, the predetermined portion of the waveform display region comprises the entire waveform display region and the selected displayed waveforms include all waveforms at least partially within the rescaling rectangle.

Abstract: A defibrillator includes circuitry configured to produce a defibrillatory shock and an audio/video output unit having a database of video image information stored in a memory, a video display, and a video formulation unit coupled to the memory and configured to retrieve video information from the database of video image information and present corresponding information to the video display for display. The video information may include still images, animated images, motion images or a combination of textual information and at least one of still images, animated images and motion images. The audio/video output unit may be configured to receive inputs relating to user inputs, patient signals and device inputs, and to provide video instructions, and optionally audio or textual instructions, relating to operation of the defibrillator based on the current operational state of the defibrillator.

Abstract: The frequency standard comprises a quantum absorber, a source of incident electro-magnetic radiation, a detector, a frequency difference controller, a spectrum controller and a frequency standard output. The quantum absorber has transitions including a first transition between a first lower quantum state and an upper quantum state, and a second transition between a second lower quantum state and the upper quantum state. The first transition and the second transition have energies that correspond to frequencies of &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively. The lower quantum states differ in energy by an energy difference subject to a total a.c. Stark shift. The source of incident electro-magnetic radiation is arranged to irradiate the quantum absorber. The incident electro-magnetic radiation includes main frequency components at frequencies of &OHgr;1 and &OHgr;2, equal to &ohgr;1 and &ohgr;2, respectively, and additionally includes additional frequency components collectively having a spectrum.

Abstract: An electromechanical dimensioning device measures dimensional attributes of an object and transmits the dimensional attributes from the dimensioning device to a remote receiving device. The dimensioning device converts rotational motion of a measuring wheel into a linear distance traveled by the wheel. In one embodiment, the dimensioning device incorporates a rechargeable battery power source and a radio frequency transceiver, allowing fully portable operation. The dimensioning device also optionally includes a bar code scanner for identifying the dimensioned object.

Abstract: The present invention provides an active pixel sensor read-out channel that includes an active pixel. The active pixel drives an active pixel output to a signal voltage having an amplitude proportional to an intensity of light received by the active pixel. The active pixel drives the active pixel output to a reference voltage when the active pixel is not exposed to light. The active pixel output is connected to a sample and hold circuit. The sample and hold circuit samples and stores the signal voltage and samples and stores the reference voltage. A buffer amplifier generates a difference voltage between the sampled and stored signal voltage and the sampled and stored reference voltage.

Abstract: Methods of end-labeling ribonucleic acids with non-radioactively labeled ribonucleotides, and particularly fluorescently labeled ribonucleotides, are provided. In the subject methods, a ribonucleic acid is contacted with a non-radioactively labeled ribonucleotide in the presence of a prokaryotic, usually bacterial, poly(A) polymerase under conditions sufficient for covalent bonding of the labeled ribonucleotide to the 3′ end of the ribonucleic acid to occur. Also provided are kits for practicing the subject method. The subject methods and kits find use in a variety of applications where labeling of the 3′ end of a ribonucleic acid with a non-radioactive label, particularly a fluorescent label, is desired.

Abstract: An X-ray inspection system incorporates an improved technique for determining, in an X-ray image of a multilayered assembly, the gray level component of a first material in the presence of a second material. The total gray level of the image is dependent upon the physical characteristics of each material comprising the assembly. The present invention accurately determines the component of the total image gray level due to the first material. In the case of circuit board inspections using X-ray images of solder connections, a calibration procedure facilitates the direct conversion of the gray level component due to the solder connection to the thickness of the solder connection.