Abstract: A method of purifying air via a pre-purification unit (PPU) of an air separation unit (ASU) system having a pre-PPU chiller that is upstream of the PPU to cool compressed air before the compressed air is fed to the PPU can include passing air through an adsorber of the PPU to pass the air through a bed of adsorbent material within a vessel of the adsorber. In response to the pre-PPU chiller being determined to have an issue resulting in the pre-PPU chiller being tripped or requiring the pre-PPU chiller to be taken off-line, continuing to operate the ASU system at a full capacity even though nitrous oxide (N2O) within the air output from the PPU exceeds a first pre-selected threshold and is below a second pre-selected threshold associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) breakthrough. An ASU and a PPU can be designed to implement an embodiment of the method.

Abstract: Processes and systems for glass making can utilize heat recovery to improve operational efficiency and flexibility of operation to provide improved yield, higher quality, or more consistent quality glass, and/or other efficiencies. Some embodiments can utilize adjustments in burner operation to account for different manufacturing conditions to provide improved quality of fabricated glass to provide improved yields of glass with a more efficient utilization of heat, which can improve the environmental impact associated with the manufacturing process in addition to improving the operational efficiency and flexibility of the glass manufacturing process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are rotary valve assemblies, comprising a single rotor, for use in adsorption based separation processes. Also disclosed are adsorption based separation apparatuses including said rotary valve assemblies, and adsorption based separation processes using said adsorption based separation apparatuses.

Abstract: A method comprising contacting an offgas stream comprising H2, H2O, CO, CO2, and at least one impurity comprising COS with at least one metal oxide to catalyze a reaction of H2O and COS to form H2S and CO2 in the offgas stream; contacting the offgas stream with an H2S-adsorbent to remove H2S from the offgas stream to produce a treated gas stream; and separating the treated gas stream to produce a carbon dioxide-enriched stream and a carbon dioxide-depleted stream.

Abstract: Hydrogen is liquefied through a process utilizing refrigeration from hydrogen at one, two, or three different pressures as well as a nitrogen refrigeration cycle. One or more stages of catalyst are used to convert ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen as the hydrogen is cooled and liquefied. Subcooled liquid hydrogen feeds the final stage of ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen conversion to reduce or eliminate vaporization of the hydrogen during the exothermic ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen conversion.

Abstract: A method comprising reducing the pressure of a carbon dioxide injection stream with a first pressure reducer having a depth and producing a reduced pressure carbon dioxide stream; reducing the pressure of the reduced pressure carbon dioxide stream with a second pressure reducer positioned at a lower depth than the first pressure reducer to produce a further reduced pressure carbon dioxide stream; and injecting the further reduced pressure carbon dioxide stream into a reservoir having a depth; wherein the pressure of the carbon dioxide stream at the depth of the first pressure reducer is greater than a bubble point pressure of the carbon dioxide injection stream at the depth of the first pressure reducer; wherein the pressure of the further reduced pressure carbon dioxide stream at the depth of the reservoir is less than a minimum fracture pressure of the reservoir at the depth of the reservoir.

Abstract: A process for separating carbon dioxide from a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide may comprise compressing the feed gas in a feed gas compressor to produce a compressed feed gas. The process may also comprise separating the compressed feed gas by an adsorption process comprising: using a plurality of adsorbent beds to produce a carbon dioxide-enriched product stream and a carbon dioxide-depleted stream, and a blowdown step. A blowdown gas may be removed from the adsorbent bed. The process may also comprise compressing the blowdown gas in the feed gas compressor and combining the blowdown gas with the compressed feed gas.

Abstract: An adsorber for utilization in purification systems for cryogenic fluid processing can include a first layer of adsorbent material and a second layer of adsorbent material within a bed of adsorbent material within the adsorber. The first layer can include alumina or other water removal adsorbent material while the second layer can include NaMSX or other suitable molecular sieve adsorbent material. The first layer can be sized to be substantially smaller than the second layer to facilitate a pre-selected ratio of water adsorption to molecular sieve adsorption so that water can break through the first layer to the second layer during purification operations while the volume of the adsorber can be provided in a much smaller size with much less adsorbent material utilized in the bed as compared to conventional designs. Embodiments can provide an increased purification operational capacity with reduced need for adsorbent material.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for removal of heavy hydrocarbons (e.g., hydrocarbons that include five or more carbons such as pentane and hexane, etc.) from a feed (e.g., a feed comprised of methane and impurities) can include a scrub column and a stabilizer column arranged so that a portion of a first stream output from the stabilizer column is fed to the scrubber column to function as a reflux stream. Embodiments are provided in which the scrub column produces a stream comprising mostly methane (e.g. over 85 mole percent methane) and reduced heavy hydrocarbons so that reduced operational costs and improved operational flexibility can be realized in downstream natural gas liquefaction operations.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and apparatus for cracking ammonia in which heated ammonia at super-atmospheric pressure is partially cracked in reactor tubes containing a first catalyst in a fired reactor to produce partially cracked ammonia gas which is then cracked over a second catalyst in a reaction zone of an electrically heated reactor to produce cracked gas comprising hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas and residual ammonia. The cracked gas is cooled and hydrogen is recovered from the cooled cracked gas in a hydrogen recovery unit. Offgas from the hydrogen recovery unit, or a cracked offgas derived therefrom, provides at least some, preferably all, of the fuel requirement in the fired reactor. Varying the power input to the second part of the cracking reaction enables direct control of the heat flux profile and hence optimization of the conversion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and apparatus for cracking ammonia in which heated ammonia at super-atmospheric pressure is partially cracked over a first catalyst in a reaction zone of an electrically heated reactor to produce partially cracked ammonia gas which is then cracked in reactor tubes containing a second catalyst in a fired reactor to produce cracked gas comprising hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas and residual ammonia. The cracked gas is cooled and hydrogen is recovered from the cooled cracked gas in a hydrogen recovery unit. Offgas from the hydrogen recovery unit, or a cracked offgas derived therefrom, provides at least some, preferably all, of the fuel requirement in the fired reactor. Varying the power input to the first part of the cracking reaction enables direct control of the heat flux profile and hence accommodate any excess or shortfall in the heat input from the fired reactor.

Abstract: A method for purifying a crude hydrogen feed stream utilizes an adsorbent having a N2/Ar selectivity ranging from 2 to 4 at 30° C. and a Henry's law coefficient for argon ranging from 0.15 to 1.0 mmole/g/atma at 30° C. The composition of crude hydrogen streams from processes in which carbon dioxide is captured necessitates new criteria for adsorbent selection to improve recovery.

Abstract: A dispensing system for dispensing compressed gas into a receiving vessel, comprising: a supply of compressed gas; a fill line for connecting the supply of compressed gas to the receiving vessel; a fill valve to vary the flow of compressed gas through the fill line; a controller to control the fill valve; a vent line for venting the fill line downstream of the fill valve; a vent line restriction to restrict flow of the compressed gas through the vent line; and a vent pressure sensor to sense a vent pressure representative of an instantaneous pressure of the compressed gas in the vent line upstream of the vent line restriction and to generate a vent pressure signal based on the sensed vent pressure.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyser power system comprising: a transformer arrangement having: at least one primary winding connectable to an AC power source; and a plurality of secondary windings; a first rectifier arrangement comprising: an AC input connected to a first secondary winding of the transformer arrangement; and a first DC output; a second rectifier arrangement comprising: an AC input connected to a second secondary winding of the transformer arrangement; and a second DC output; and a plurality of discrete electrically coupled electrolyser modules, wherein each electrolyser module is electrically connected between the first and second DC outputs.

Abstract: Residual ammonia is removed effectively from ammonia cracked gas in a hydrogen PSA system using a non-zeolitic adsorbent such as activated carbon, activated alumina or silica gel.

Abstract: An apparatus to purify water and provide the purified water to one or more electrolyzers for manufacture of hydrogen can include a purification unit positioned to receive water from a demineralization unit to purify the water and output the purified water to at least one electrolyzer of an electrolyzer house. The flow of water can be adjusted to maintain a minimum flow of water passing through one or more beds of a polisher while accounting for the demand of water at the electrolyzers. Flow adjustments can be made between providing all the purified water to the electrolyzers during high demand operations to other configurations in which little or no purified water is fed to the electrolyzers and, instead, that water is recycled back to the water purification unit.

Abstract: An apparatus to provide purified water to one or more electrolyzers for manufacture of hydrogen can include a polisher positioned to receive at least a minimum flow of water from a demineralization unit to purify the water and output the purified water to at least one electrolyzer of an electrolyzer house. The flow of water can be adjusted to maintain a minimum flow of water passing through one or more beds of the polisher while accounting for the demand of water at the electrolyzers. Flow adjustments can be made between providing all the purified water to the electrolyzers during high demand operations to other configurations in which little or no purified water is fed to the electrolyzers and, instead, that water is recycled back to the water demineralization unit.

Abstract: A method for heating reactor using a multi-function burner comprising feeding primary fuel through an annular channel, feeding oxygen through a central channel within the annular channel, and feeding an auxiliary fuel through a central lance within the central channel to produce a flame extending into a furnace having a temperature and a pressure; wherein the flow rate of the auxiliary fuel and oxygen are increased while maintaining an equivalence ratio below 1 to increase the temperature of the furnace; wherein after the furnace temperature exceeds the auto-ignition temperature of the primary fuel, increasing the flow rate of the primary fuel to increase the equivalence ratio to be greater than 1.

Abstract: An apparatus for modular heat exchanger assembly is provided for horizontal transport and vertical orientation installation can include a frame that can be configured to retain a heat exchanger for transport and installation. The frame can facilitate transportation of the heat exchanger while the heat exchanger is in its horizontal orientation and can also facilitate lifting of the frame to orient the heat exchanger in its vertical orientation for installation and use.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for oxygen production can be configured to utilize flash vapor losses, recovery of regeneration heat and/or utilize a compressor to provide better heat integration and/or less wasteful processing for the recovery of oxygen that can be obtained from electrolysis (e.g., operation of one or more electrolyzers). Some embodiments may utilize all three of these features while other embodiments may use only one of these features or a combination of two of these features.