Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved synthesis method for the making of citraconimides wherein a citraconic anhydride is reacted with 0.5 to 2.0 equivalents of at least one amine salt. This process may be carried out in a solvent and generally leads to excellent yields of the citraconimides with high selectivity and easy purification. The present inventional so relates to a process for the production of citraconic anhydride from itaconic anhydride with an amine or phosphine catalyst and in a cosolvent.

Abstract: A high temperature lubricant composition comprising polycarboxylic acid esters and organophosphorus compounds is described. This composition is useful for lubricating very high temperature diesel engines. A method of rectifying used lubricant compositions is also described.

Abstract: Solubilized metal (dialkylaminoalcoholate) compounds in organic solvent can serve as a source of metal values for metal oxide-containing superconductor compositions. Stable solutions, resistant to precipitation problems, can be formed by reaction of a dialkylaminoalkanol with a metal alkoxide followed by removal of by-product alkanol by vacuum distillation below the reflux temperature of the solution. Exemplary metals include copper, yttrium, barium, calcium, and bismuth, lanthanum and strontium.

Abstract: A conductive metal-filled substrate is formed by intermingling copper or nickel particles into the substrate, contacting the metal particles with a specified developing agent, and heating the metal particles and the developing agent. The filled substrates are electrically conductive and are useful for a variety of uses such as EMI shielding.

Abstract: Glycol bisphosphate compounds are formed by first hydrolytically condensing a dihydrocarbylhalophosphate to form a tetrahydrocarbyl pyrophosphate and then reacting the pyrophosphate with a cyclic ether to form the glycol bisphosphate.

Abstract: There are disclosed multiphosphorus-containing compounds comprising phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing phosphate esters. The compounds can be prepared by: (a) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with phosphorus pentoxide following by reaction with an epoxide, (b) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a phosphorus oxyhalide, hydrolyzing any phosphorus halogen bonds and then reacting with the resulting phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide, (c) transesterifying a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a dialkyl phosphite, oxidizing the resulting compound to yield a phosphoric acid derivative and reacting the phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide. The compounds are useful as flame retardant additives for polyurethanes and textiles.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel phosphorus-containing compounds including and derived from hydrogen phosphonates. The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a hydrogen phosphonate with: (a) an ethylene derivative in a Michael reaction, (b) an amine or amide and formaldehyde in a Mannich reaction, (c) an aldehyde or ketone, (d) a halogen, (e) carbon tetrachloride and an alkylamine, and (f) carbon tetrachloride and a hydroxyphosphonate. Halophosphonates produced according to procedure (d) can also be used in reactions with (a) alkylamines and (b) hydroxyphosphonates or epoxides to produce the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: Good quality films can be formed on a substrate by coating a substrate with a solution comprising an alkoxy alkanol solvent containing a dissolved photocurable arylsiloxane oligomer or polymer. Phenyl siloxane/silicate compositions can be used to form photocurable films on substrates for use as dielectric films, protective coatings, and the like.

Abstract: A conductive metal layer is formed on a substrate having a softening point above about 200.degree. C. by depositing copper and nickel particles having a substantially continuous oxide coating thereon on the substrate, and heating and pressing the metal particles at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. Unlike similar methods wherein oxide coated metal particles are used, no developing agent is required to render the metal layer conductive. The coated substrates are useful for a variety of uses such as EMI shielding and printed circuit boards.

Abstract: Stable metal oxide sols comprising an anhydrous alcohol having metal oxide particles colloidally dispersed therein is disclosed. This sol composition is formed by the hydrolysis of a metal alkoxide to form metal oxide particles, removal of the particles from the resulting mother liquor from such a reaction, and the redispersing of the metal oxide powders in an anhydrous alcohol solvent.

Abstract: Glycol bisphosphate compounds are formed by first hydrolytically condensing a dihydrocarbylhalophosphate to form a tetrahyrocarbyl pyrophosphate and then reacting the pyrophosphate with a cyclic ether to form the glycol bisphosphate.

Abstract: Copper oxide films can be formed on a substrate by coating the substrate with an organic solvent containing an aminoalkoxy copper(II) compound, and pyrolyzing the thus formed coating. The aminoalkoxy copper compound can be a bis(aminoalkoxy)copper(II) compound, a bis(alkylaminoalkoxy) copper(II) compound, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Vinyl halide resins can be stabilized by a stabilizer mixture of a monomeric tetrafunctional organotin stabilizer and a hindered tris phenol antioxidant, preferably 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane.

Abstract: Metal oxide powders, which are chemically uniform and free-flowing, can be formed by dissolving a metal alkoxide in a non-polar organic solvent, adding water to the resulting composition and then emulsifying the blend of water and solvent containing the alkoxide to cause hydrolysis of the alkoxide. The hydrolysis reaction forms the desired metal oxide as a precipitate which can be recovered by a simple filtration process.

Abstract: High purity, particulate silica gel is formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of a silicon alkoxide in a non-metal lined tumble dryer. The silica gel is then dried in the tumble dryer, is washed with an aqueous solution to remove trace contaminants, and is dried again to form the particulate product.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for producing monocrystalline Group II-IV or Group III-V compounds from the polycrystalline form of said Group II-IV or Group III-V compound, said process comprising coating the interior surface of a crucible with a powdered solid having a melting point higher than the polycrystalline form of the compound, placing an amount of polycrystalline compound into the coated crucible, heating the crucible to produce a melt while maintaining the powder in solid form and cooling the crucible to produce a solid compound. The preferred powdered solid is pyrolitic boron nitride. The process may be used to produce, inter alia, semi-insulating gallium arsenide having a neutral EL2 concentration greater than or equal to about 0.85.times.10.sup.16 cm.sup.-3 and a dislocation density between about 500 cm.sup.-2 and 7,800 cm.sup.-2.

Abstract: A conductive metal layer is formed on a substrate by depositing copper or nickel particles on the substrate, contacting the metal particles with a specified developing agent, and heating the metal particles and the developing agent. The coated substrates have conductive surfaces and are useful for a variety of uses such as EMI shielding and printed circuit boards.

Abstract: A process for purifying calcium carbonate ore by the removal of silicate impurities from the ore by reverse flotation. The process achieves high yields and low Acid Insoluble content of the calcium carbonate product by employing novel collectors. These novel collectors which characterize the invention comprise organo-nitrogen compounds including hydroxypropylated quaternary ammonium compound, unsymmetrical dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds and dialkyl hexahydropyrimidine compounds.

Abstract: The reaction of rare earth metals and alcohols, to form rare earth alkoxides, is catalyzed by the use of a zinc-containing catalyst, e.g., zinc and/or zinc chloride.

Abstract: The reaction of rare earth metals and alcohols, to form rare earth alkoxides, is catalyzed by the use of an inorganic, halide-free mercury salt (e.g., mercury nitrate or mercury sulfate).