Abstract: High yields of olefinic esters and amides, and the like are derived from a process wherein vinyl dihalides are carbonylated in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a primary or secondary amine base or tertiary amine, depending on the desired product, and a solvent.

Abstract: The invention is the preparation of bis(4-halophenyl)phenylphosphine oxide from phenylphosphorus dihalide by a method wherein the dihalide is reacted with 4-halophenyl magnesium to produce the phosphine which is oxidized using alcohol in the presence of a halocarbon solvent to produce the phosphine oxide product of this invention.

Abstract: Striation-free interlayer dielectric films of good reflectivity are formed by spin-coating a solution comprising 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene solvent containing a dissolved arylsiloxane oligomer or polymer capable of forming an interlayer dielectric film.

Abstract: Polycyclic olefins such as camphene, norbornene and bicycloheptadiene among others are reacted with P.sub.4 S.sub.10 and PSX.sub.3, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine, at a temperature from about 50.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. The process can be run at atmospheric pressure. Further, the resulting halides can be further reacted with alcohols, mercaptans and amines to form other novel derivatives. The reaction products obtained can be used in lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: A fabric softener composition comprising a stable, clear single phase solution of an anionic surfactant having an alkyl radical containing at least eight carbon atoms, a cationic surfactant, water and an effective amount of propylene glycol and an alkali metal salt of benzene, toluene or xylene sulfonate. The fabric softener may be highly concentrated and has the property that when added to a detergent solution it imparts a fabric softening effect but does not lessen the detergency of the solution.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the removal of impurities comprising phenolics, dextrans or amino nitrogen from an aqueous saccharide solution. The solution is contacted with a sorbent, which itself is also an embodiment of the invention, comprising a cationic nitrogenous surfactant, the molecules of which contain at least one alkyl group of at least 8 carbon atoms, deposited on the surface of a microporous hydrophobic polymeric support. The deposition is accomplished by contacting a solution of the surfactant in an appropriate solvent with the support. The impurities are adsorbed onto the sorbent and the aqueous saccharide solution is removed from contact with the sorbent. The solvent must be completely miscible with the saccharide solution and the solution of the surfactant in the solvent must have a maximum sorbent wetting rate of at least 100 g/m.sup.2.min., and a sorbent bed retention of at least 140%, based on the bed interstitial volume.

Abstract: A process improvement for the preparation of arylsulfonamides that avoids the multistep arylsulfonyl chloride refining operation presently used and, in one step, neutralizes and removes all the acidic by-products of chlorosulfonation simultaneously with arylsulfonamide formation which comprises the steps of (a) reacting an aryl hydrocarbon with chlorosulfonic acid to form a crude chlorosulfonation reaction product, (b) combining in an aqueous media said crude reaction product and a source of ammonia to form an amidation reaction mixture, (c) maintaining the temperature of the amidation reaction mixture at between about 40.degree. C. and 70.degree. C. and the pH at above about 7 with stirring for a period of time sufficient to form an amidation reaction product containing an arylsulfonamide, and optionally (d) separating the resulting arylsulfonamide from the amidation reaction product.

Abstract: N-substituted arylsulfonamides which comprises the steps of (a) reacting an aryl hydrocarbon with chlorosulfonic acid to form a crude chlorosulfonation reaction product, (b) adding said crude reaction product to a mixture comprising an aliphatic amine, an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and water to form an amidation reaction mixture, (c) maintaining the temperature of the amidation reaction mixture at between about 50.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. and the pH at above about 7 with stirring for a period of time of up to about 2 hours, and optionally (d) separating the resulting N-substituted arylsulfonamide from the amidation reaction product.

Abstract: A process for the hydrolysis of liquid fats comprising contacting the fats, in the presence of water at hydrolyzing conditions, with lipase immobilized by adsorption from aqueous solution without pretreatment or pretreatment with a polar solvent on a microporous structure comprising a synthetic hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic olefinic polymers, oxidation polymers, ionic polymers and blends thereof. Various embodiments of the invention include the immobilized lipase itself and an embodiment that employs a vertical packed column of particles of the immobilized lipase through which the liquid fat and water feed streams may be passed cocurrent or countercurrent, one that employs a horizontally disposed diaphragm that includes a layer of fibers of the immobilized lipase and an embodiment that employs a stirred reactor wherein a suspension of particles of the immobilized lipase is maintained in the reaction medium.

Abstract: An aliphatic isocyanate (such as the biuret of 1,6-diisocyanatohexane) is combined with a tertiary amine polyahl (such as a tertiary amine polyol) and coated onto a substrate. The coated substrate is then exposed to the vapor of a urethane catalyst for curing to a tack-free state. This process permits the preparation of coatings which will cure rapidly and which are light stable. These coatings have utility in the field of automotive topcoats.

Abstract: A process for the hydrolysis of liquid fats comprising contacting the fats, in the presence of water at hydrolyzing conditions, with lipase immobilized by adsorption from aqueous solution without pretreatment or pretreatment with a polar solvent on a microporous structure comprising a synthetic hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic olefinic polymers, oxidation polymers, ionic polymers and blends thereof. Various embodiments of the invention include immobilized lipase itself and an embodiment that employs a vertical packed column of particles of the immobilized lipase through which the liquid fat and water feed streams may be passed cocurrent or countercurrent, one that employs a horizontally disposed diaphragm that includes a layer of fibers of the immobilized lipase and an embodiment that employs a stirred reactor wherein a suspension of particles of the immobilized lipase is maintained in the reaction medium.