Abstract: A free-flowing, stable liquid flame retardant mixture comprised of or formed by mixing together components comprised of: A) at least one organic halogen-containing reactive flame retardant in which the halogen is bromine, chlorine or both; and B) a liquid additive that is comprised of at least one aliphatic polyepoxide of the formula R(EP)n, wherein R is a straight chain or branched chain aliphatic moiety which consists of carbon, hydrogen, and optionally, one or more ether oxygen atoms and/or one or more epoxy oxygen atoms; Ep is a terminal epoxy group: and n is a whole or fractional number in the range of 2 to about 6. Such mixtures can be effectively used in the preparation of flame retardant rigid polyurethanes and rigid foams thereof, and rigid polyisocyanurate and rigid foams thereof. Component B) serves as an effective hardener for such polymers and foams.

Abstract: This invention provides chain extender compositions. These compositions comprise (i) an aromatic primary diamine, and (ii) a component selected from the group consisting of: (a) an aliphatic secondary diamine; (b) an aliphatic primary diamine; (c) an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine; (d) a diimine; and (e) a combination of any two or more of (a) through (d). When (ii) is (a), (a) has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups; when (ii) is (d), and (d) is an aromatic diimine, each imino hydrocarbylidene group has at least two carbon atoms. Processes for producing polyurethanes, polyureas, and polyurea-urethanes are also provided.

Abstract: A new class of amines is incorporated into phtopolymerizable systems employing type I or type II photoinitiators. These amines are trialkylamines having a total of 10 to about 36 carbon atoms in the molecule and wherein at least one alkyl group has a chain length of at least 8 carbon atoms. Preferably, one or two of the alkyl groups are methyl or ethyl or one of each. Short chain amines as defined herein provide synergistic results when used with such trialkylamines.

Abstract: Sulfur trioxide is formed by a process wherein a first gaseous stream comprised of SO2, SO3, and oxygen and/or air is passed into a bed of a vanadium-containing catalyst that oxidizes S02 to SO3and that releases therefrom a second gaseous stream comprised of sulfur trioxide. This process is improved in a first case by providing vaporized sulfur in the first gaseous stream so that the resultant mixture passes through a substantial portion of the catalyst bed, and maintaining the catalyst bed at one or more temperatures in the range of about 450 to about 700° C. The sulfur is oxidized to S02. As a result, the second gaseous stream released from the downstream end portion of the catalyst bed has an enriched content of sulfur trioxide, which can be used for production of compounds such as tetrabromophthalic anhydride. In a second case, a stream of sulfur dioxide is generated from sulfur and an oxidant, and this stream is introduced into the first gaseous stream referred to above.

Abstract: A novel manufacturing process is described for producing quaternary ammonium compounds having a selected anion, which may be useful in wood preservative formulations. The process involves reacting a trialkylamine with an alkyl bromide to form a quaternary tetraalkylammonium bromide salt, converting the quaternary tetraalkylammonium bromide salt to a quaternary tetraalkylammonium hydroxide salt by using an ion exchange resin, and converting the quaternary tetraalkylammonium hydroxide salt to the quaternary tetraalkylammonium salt of the selected anion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions, coatings, coating formulations, etc., containing quaternary ammonium compounds and their use.

Abstract: This invention provides aromatic diimines which have imino hydrocarbylidene groups with at least two carbon atoms, and aromatic secondary diamines which have amino hydrocarbyl groups with at least two carbon atoms. Both the aromatic diimines and the aromatic secondary diamines either are in the form of one phenyl ring, or are in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge; each position ortho to an imino group or an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group. When in the form of one phenyl ring, there are two imino groups on the ring or two amino groups on the ring; the imino groups or amino groups are meta or para relative to each other. When in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge, there is either one imino group or one amino group on each phenyl ring. Also provided are processes for forming diimines and secondary diamines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame retarding composition that comprises a mixture of a metal hydroxide component and a clay component, the mixture being present in the form of dried particles with monomodal particle size distribution.

Abstract: In the processing of poultry, equipment, instruments, apparatus and/or water used in such processing, and/or carcasses and/or parts of poultry resulting from the processing of poultry, are disinfected with aqueous solutions of certain halogen-based microbiocides, especially certain bromine-based microbiocides. Described are the particular microbiocides used and the substantial advantages of using such materials, in some cases as concentrated solutions and in other cases as dilute solutions.

Abstract: Flame retardant formulations comprised of at least one bromine-containing polyol are produced by a process which comprises: A) heating a mixture formed from components comprised of (i) tetrabromophthalic anhydride, (ii) at least one aliphatic polyol, and (iii) at least one liquid straight chain aliphatic diester of a straight-chain alkane dicarboxylic acid to form an intermediate composition; and B) contacting all or a portion of the intermediate composition one or more times with (iv) at least one alkylene oxide that results in the formation of a liquid product formulation, and optionally, removing any excess alkylene oxide present; the amounts of (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) used being proportioned to form a formulation having a bromine content of at least about 40 wt %, a viscosity at 25° C. of about 20,000 cps or less, and an acid number as determinable by aqueous sodium hydroxide titration and expressed in terms of potassium hydroxide, of less than about 1 milligram of KOH per gram of the formulation.

Abstract: Flame retardant formulations comprised of at least one bromine-containing polyol are produced by a process which comprises: A) heating a mixture formed from components comprised of (i) tetrabromophthalic anhydride, (ii) at least one aliphatic polyol, and (iii) at least one liquid straight chain aliphatic diester of a straight-chain alkane dicarboxylic acid to form an intermediate composition; and B) contacting all or a portion of the intermediate composition one or more times with (iv) at least one alkylene oxide that results in the formation of a liquid product formulation, and optionally, removing any excess alkylene oxide present; the amounts of (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) used being proportioned to form a formulation having a bromine content of at least about 40 wt %, a viscosity at 25° C. of about 20,000 cps or less, and an acid number as determinable by aqueous sodium hydroxide titration and expressed in terms of potassium hydroxide, of less than about 1 milligram of KOH per gram of the formulation.

Abstract: Despite the frangibility of additive-free granules of brominated anionic styrenic polymer, it has been found possible by use of special mechanical processing to provide pellets of unadulterated brominated anionic styrenic polymer having a bromine content of at least about 50 wt % and in which at least about 70 wt % (preferably at least about 75 wt %) of the pellets are retained on a standard US No. 40 sieve and no more than about 30 wt % (preferably no more than about 25 wt %) are retained on a standard US No. 5 sieve. In preferred embodiments such pelletized anionic styrenic polymer is brominated anionic polystyrene having a bromine content of at least about 67 wt %, e.g., in the range of about 67 to about 71 wt %. Also preferred are pelletized brominated anionic styrenic polymers in which the melt flow index (ASTM D 1238-99) at 220° C., 2.16 kg is at least 4 g/10 min and preferably is at least 5 g/10 min.

Abstract: A highly advantageous process for the preparation of 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoacetic acid or a salt thereof is described. The process comprises subjecting 1-acetyl 3-hydroxyadamantane to liquid phase oxidation with permanganate to produce 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoacetic acid or a salt thereof, with acidification to form the free acid when appropriate.

Abstract: Termite repellant treated cellulosic substrates and methods or producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of quaternary ammonium compounds in the prevention of microbial growth such as mold, fungus, and mildew in new and/or existing construction.

Abstract: Bromination of styrenic polymer is carried out in a closed reaction system to retain HX coproduct (where HX is HBr or HCl, or both) in the bromination reaction mixture at superatmospheric pressure. Preferably, the reaction mixture which includes the brominated styrenic polymer and substantially all of the HX coproduct formed is discharged into an aqueous quenching medium. By operating in this manner, the reaction is terminated and the brominated styrenic polymer of desired bromine content and substantially all HX coproduct are captured in the same operation, process equipment costs are reduced, and processing of the reaction mixture is facilitated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cellulosic substrates in direct or indirect contact with the ground, the cellulosic substrates comprising quaternary ammonium compounds.

Abstract: Termite repellant treated cellulosic substrates and methods or producing the same.

Abstract: Methods of processing four-legged slaughter animals for consumption as meat and/or meat product(s) are described. The methods comprise I) contacting exterior surfaces of the live animal at least once with a microbiocidal solution formed from mixing together at least (i) water and (ii) at least one N,N?-bromochloro-5,5-dialkylhydantoin, such contacting occurring at least once when the animal is en route to being slaughtered but before it is killed by exsanguination; or II) contacting the carcass of the animal, after exsanguination, with a microbiocidal solution formed from mixing together at least (i) water and (ii) at least one N,N?-bromochloro-5,5-dialkylhydantoin or III) contacting at least one raw meat product and/or at least one processed meat product derived from the carcass. The contacting can be done one or more times in each of I), II), and III). Considerable advantages, which are described, are realized when using such methods.

Abstract: Concurrently fed into a reaction zone held at about 10° C. or less are brominating agent, aluminum halide catalyst, and a solution of anionic styrenic polymer having a GPC Mn about 2000-30,000. The components are in at least two separate feed streams. The feeds are proportioned to maintain (a) the amount of aluminum halide being fed at about 0.8 mole percent or less based on the amount of aromatic monomeric units in the polymer being fed, and (b) amounts of brominating agent and unbrominated polymer in the reaction zone that produce a final washed and dried polymer product containing about 60-71 wt % bromine. The catalyst is deactivated, bromide ions and catalyst residues are washed away from the reaction mixture, and the brominated anionic styrenic polymer is recovered and dried. The dried polymer has a volatile bromobenzene content of about 600 ppm (wt/wt) or less as well as other beneficial properties.