Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising an oligosaccharide of S. pneumoniae serotype 8 useful for stimulating an immune response to an antigen, methods of providing protective immunization against a bacterial pathogen using these compositions, methods of augmenting an immunogenic response to an antigen by administering these S. pneumoniae serotype 8 oligosaccharide compositions along with the antigen, and methods of making the immunostimulatory compositions described above.

Abstract: A method for evaluating rheological properties of certain non-Newtonian liquids employs the principle of a multiple forced flow of a single sample of the liquid through an orifice, thus effecting a significant elongation of the sample. The liquid is forced through the orifice by means of a piston. Preferably, the orifice is built into the piston so that the liquid remains stationary during the piston advance. The timing and rate of the sequential strokes of the piston are controlled and the differential pressure across the orifice is measured. A function between the timing of the piston strokes, the stroke rate and the differential pressure can be determined. The function has been found to represent a relatively reliable rheological "signature" of the tested liquid.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to methods for the synthesis of Lewis.sup.a derivatives modified at the C-2 and/or C-6 position of GlcNAc employing chemo-enzymatic synthesis. The derivatives find use in the treatment and prevention of diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel analogues of kojibiose and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such analogues.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to methods for the synthesis of Lewis.sup.a derivatives modified at the C-2 and/or C-6 position of GlcNAc employing chemo-enzymatic synthesis. The derivatives find use in the treatment and prevention of diseases.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and a method for characterizing the flow of a multi-phase fluid. The apparatus is comprised of: a conduit having a first end and a second end, for flowing the fluid from the first to the second ends, and a first point and a second point located between the first and second ends; a mixer for mixing the fluid as it flows from the first to the second ends such that the fluid is substantially homogeneous at the first point and such that the substantial homogeneity of the fluid is maintained between the first and second points; and means for determining at least one of a volumetric flow rate of the substantially homogeneous fluid at a first location in the conduit between the first and second points and a density of the substantially homogeneous fluid at a second location between the first and second points.

Abstract: The invention provides immunogenic oligosaccharide compositions and methods of making and using them. In particular, the compositions comprise oligosaccharides covalently coupled to carrier protein, wherein the resultant conjugate has been shown to contain specific immunogenic epitopes and elicits a protectively immunogenic response.

Abstract: The invention is a method for producing reservoir fluids from an underground reservoir through the wellbore. The method includes the steps of intaking the gas phase from the wellbore into the wellbore-contained pump drive, powering the pump drive using the gas pressure of the gas phase in the wellbore, pumping the liquid phase from the wellbore towards the surface by a first pump and exhausting the gas phase from the pump drive towards the surface.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising an oligosaccharide of S. pneumoniae serotype 8 useful for stimulating an immune response to an antigen, methods of providing protective immunization against a bacterial pathogen using these compositions, methods of augmenting an immunogenic response to an antigen by administering these S. pneumoniae serotype 8 oligosaccharide compositions along with the antigen, and methods of making the immunostimulatory compositions described above.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of suppressing inflammatory responses, inducing tolerance to an antigen, and suppressing cell adhesion, e.g., involved in metastasis, by the administration of lectin derived carbohydrate binding peptides or derivatives thereof, in particular, peptides capable of binding terminally linked .alpha.-sialic acid(2.fwdarw.6).beta.Gal- and/or .alpha.-sialic acid(2.fwdarw.3).beta.Gal-groups on structures or molecules comprising such groups. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such lectin derived carbohydrate binding peptides or derivatives thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of reducing the degree of inflammation arising from a secondary immune response in a mammal due to antigen exposure (challenge) by the administration of valienamine-related disaccharide compounds and the pharmaceutical compositions employed in the method.

Abstract: The invention provides immunogenic oligosaccharide compositions and methods of making and using them. In particular, the compositions comprise oligosaccharides covalently coupled to carrier protein, wherein the resultant conjugate has been shown to contain specific immunogenic epitopes and elicits a protectively immunogenic response.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing the stiffness or strength of wood panels while the panels are moving along a production line, in which the panels are moved lengthwise through a tester having lower rollers which are situated to support side or end marginal portions only of the panel while central upper rollers contacts a central region of the panel and subjects the panel to longitudinal or lateral bending. The forces corresponding to the bending are measured and used to obtain a measure of the stiffness or strength of the panel. Preferably, both a longitudinal and a lateral tester are provided, and each have two testing stations each applying a different amount of lateral bending, all of these amounts being in the substantially linear portion of the load deflection curve.

Abstract: A method of producing micron sized sulphur granules involving the following described steps. Firstly, heating sulphur until the sulphur becomes molten. Secondly, tempering water and inducing movement of the water at velocity. Thirdly, injecting an unbroken stream of the molten sulphur under pressure into the heated water moving at velocity. An explosive dispersion of the molten sulphur into fine sulphur granules occurs, enhanced by shear forces exerted by the movement of the heated water at velocity. The described method is capable of producing spherical sulphur granules within a broad range of 70 microns to submicron sizes. In the preferred ranges, spherical sulphur granules of less than 10 microns are be obtained.

Abstract: Antibody-mediated xenograft rejection is attenuated by parenterally administering a xenoantibody-inhibiting amount of an identified carbohydrate xenoantigen to the recipient shortly before graft revascularization and thereafter.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to methods for the synthesis of sialyl Lewis.sup.x derivatives modified at the C-2 and/or C-6 position of GlcNAc employing chemo-enzymatic synthesis. The derivatives find use in the treatment and prevention of diseases.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of suppressing inflammatory responses, inducing tolerance to an antigen, and suppressing cell adhesion, e.g., involved in metastasis, by the administration of lectin derived carbohydrate binding peptides or derivatives thereof, in particular, peptides capable of binding terminally linked .alpha.-sialic acid(2.fwdarw.6).beta.Gal- and/or .alpha.-sialic acid(2.fwdarw.3).beta.Gal- groups on structures or molecules comprising such groups. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such lectin derived carbohydrate binding peptides or derivatives thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of suppressing inflammatory responses, including tolerance to an antigen, and suppressing cell adhesion, e.g., involved in metastasis, by the administration of lectin derived carbohydrate binding peptides or derivatives thereof, in particular, peptides capable of binding terminally linked .alpha.-sialic acid (2.fwdarw.6).beta.Gal- and/or .alpha.-sialic acid(2.fwdarw.3).beta.Gal-groups on structures or molecules comprising such groups. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such lectin derived carbohydrate binding peptides or derivatives thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: Antibody-mediated xenograft rejection is attenuated by (1) removing preformed antibodies to various identified carbohydrate xenoantigens from the recipient's circulation prior to transplantation by extracorporeal perfusion of the recipient's blood over a biocompatible solid support to which the xenoantigens are bound and/or (2) parenterally administering a xenoantibody-inhibiting amount of an identified xenoantigen to the recipient shortly before graft revascularization and thereafter.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising an oligosaccharide of S. pneumoniae serotype 8 useful for stimulating an immune response to an antigen, methods of providing protective immunization against a bacterial pathogen using these compositions, methods of augmenting an immunogenic response to an antigen by administering these S. pneumoniae serotype 8 oligosaccharide compositions along with the antigen, and methods of making the immunostimulatory compositions described above.