Abstract: Antibody-mediated xenograft rejection is attenuated by (1) removing preformed antibodies to various identified carbohydrate xenoantigens from the recipient's circulation prior to transplantation by extracorporeal perfusion of the recipient's blood over a biocompatible solid support to which the xenoantigens are bound and/or (2) parenterally administering a xenoantibody-inhibiting amount of an identified xenoantigen to the recipient shortly before graft revascularization and thereafter.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for reducing the degree of antigen induced inflammation in a sensitized mammals. The disclosed methods employ oligosaccharide glycosides related to blood group determinants having a type I or type II core structure wherein the administration of such oligosaccharide glycosides is after initiation of the mammal's immune response but at or prior one-half the period of time required to effect maximal antigen-induced inflammation.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel analogues of kojibiose and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such analogues.

Abstract: The stereochemistry of sialylation of an acceptor saccharide to obtain an .alpha. (2-3) or .alpha. (2-6) linkage is controlled to favor the .alpha. anomer by use of an aromatic ester of the sialyl reagent. The resulting intermediate .alpha. (2-3) and .alpha. (2-6) sialylated intermediate disaccharide blocks are useful in the synthesis of antigenic substances which can be used to raise antibodies useful in diagnosis and therapy, and can themselves be used as reagents in various applications. The preparation of the tetrasaccharide antigens corresponding to the 19-9 and sialyl-X antigens characteristic of malignant tissue illustrates the application of this method.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel Lewis.sup.x and Lewis.sup.a analogues, pharmaceutical compositions containing such analogues, methods for their preparation and methods for their use.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of reducing the degree of inflammation arising from a secondary immune response in a mammal due to antigen exposure (challenge) by the administration of valienamine-related disaccharide compounds and the pharmaceutical compositions employed in the method.

Abstract: Monofucosylated and monosialyated derivatives of the compound .beta.Gal(1-4).beta.GlcNAc(1-3).beta.Gal(1-4).beta.GlcNAc-OR, where R is hydrogen, a saccharide, an oligosaccharide or an aglycon moiety have been found to be useful in modulating a cell-mediated immune inflammatory response in mammals.

Abstract: The stereochemistry of sialylation of an acceptor saccharide to obtain an .alpha. (2-3) or .alpha. (2-6) linkage is controlled to favor the .alpha. anomer by use of an aromatic ester of the sialyl reagent. The resulting intermediate .alpha. (2-3) and .alpha. (2-6) sialylated intermediate disaccharide blocks are useful in the synthesis of antigenic substances which can be used to raise antibodies useful in diagnosis and therapy, and can themselves be used as reagents in various applications. The preparation of the tetrasaccharide antigens corresponding to the 19-9 and sialyl-X antigens characteristic of malignant tissue illustrates the application of this method.

Abstract: This invention relates to treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhea, including Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), using oligosaccharide compositions which bind C. difficile toxin A. More specifically, the invention concerns neutralization of C. difficile toxin A associated with CDAD.

Abstract: A process for preparing a coal-water fuel from a low rank coal. The first step of the process provides for an aqueous slurry containing particles of the low rank coal. A quantity of an agglomerating agent in the range of about 10% to 30% weight to dry ash - free low rank coal weight is added to the slurry to produce a mixture. The mixture is then agitated to form agglomerates. Following separation of the agglomerates, the agglomerates are contacted with steam or an inert gas having a temperature in the range of about 250.degree. C. to 420.degree. C. at substantially atmospheric pressure to produce partially deoiled agglomerates containing less than about 7% by weight of residual bridging liquid and having a moisture capacity reduced by a factor of at least about 2.5 at a relative humidity of 96% compared to the moisture capacity of the low rank coal.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a lectin derived carbohydrate binding-peptide which inhibits cell-mediated immune responses and has the amino acid sequence SPYGRC. The peptide binds terminally linked .alpha.-sialic acid (2.fwdarw.3).beta.Gal- and .alpha.-sialic (2.fwdarw.6).beta.Gal-structures and is a acid fragment of the S2 subunit of pertussis toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis.

Abstract: The Recognition Training System (RTS) incorporates a new and innovative process which facilitates the training of a person to rapidly and accurately distinguish between members of a set of entities, through the trainee interacting with RTS. The methodology of RTS involves the presentation of one or more attributes associated with an entity, while the trainee attempts to identify by name the entity, or the trainee may request that specific entities and associated attributes be shown for reference purposes. RTS supports an interactive training process which is almost completely self directed and affords a trainee an opportunity to make distinctions between similar entities by employing a two stage presentation facility. Attributes presented may be in the form of descriptive text, bitmap images, audio, and still and motion video.

Abstract: A low amplitude wave-board panel having improved bending strength and bending stiffness properties is provided. More specifically, the amplitude of the waves is substantially equal to, or less than half the thickness of said board. Preferably, the wave amplitude ranges from between 1/8" to about 1".

Abstract: The invention provides a bioreactor for culturing living cells, particularly shear sensitive cells, wherein the bioreactor is composed of a stationary vessel with opposite spaced walls inclined at an angle to form upper and lower walls. Liquid culture medium and cell culture, such as hybridoma cells, are introduced into the vessel and gas is introduced at the lower end of the vessel to form gas bubbles which travel upward along the upper wall of the bioreactor to disengage from a small portion of the gas liquid interface. The gas bubbles circulate the cells and liquid medium, maintaining the cells in suspension and lifting them in a circulating path upwardly parallel to the upper wall and downward along the lower wall. The bioreactor design thus achieves bulk mixing and aeration by maintaining a significant degree of segregation between the upwardly travelling bubbles and the cells in the liquid medium avoiding unnecessary cell damage by fluid-mechanical shear or by bubble bursting events.

Abstract: The process is conducted in a circuit having first and second adsorbers and a product reservoir vessel, connected serially. The feedstock is a gas mixture containing contaminant and product components (for example, air containing N.sub.2 and O.sub.2). The process steps involved are: (1) feeding a charge of feed gas into the first adsorber, temporarily retaining it therein, and pressurizing it, so that the adsorbent adsorbs most of the contaminant component and purified product gas is produced; (2) co-currently depressurizing the first adsorber by discharging purified product gas through the second adsorber and reservoir vessel; (3) counter-currently venting both adsorbers; (4) partly re-pressurizing both the adsorbers with purified gas from the reservoir vessel; and then repeating steps (1)-(4) inclusive.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the preparation of monofucosylated and sialylated derivatives of the compound .beta.Gal(1-4).beta.GlcNAc(1-3).beta.Gal(1-4).beta.GlcNAc-OR. In particular, the methods of this invention provide for a multi-step synthesis wherein selective monofucosylation is accomplished on the 3-hydroxy group on only one of the GlcNAc units found in the .beta.Gal(1-4) .beta.GlcNAc (1-3) .beta.Gal (1-4) .beta.GlcNAc-OR compound. In this step, monofucosylation is achieved by use of the .alpha.(1-3)fucosyltransferase.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the enzymatic synthesis of alpha-sialylated oligosaccharide glycosides. Specifically, in the disclosed methods, sialyltransferase is activated to transfer an analogue of sialic acid, employed as its CMP-nucleotide derivative, to an oligosaccharide glycoside. The analogue of sialic acid and the oligosaccharide employed in this method are selected to be compatible with the sialyltransferase employed.

Abstract: The stereochemistry of sialylation of an acceptor saccharide to obtain an .alpha. (2-3) or .alpha. (2-6) linkage is controlled to favor the .alpha. anomer by use of an aromatic ester of the sialyl reagent. The resulting intermediate .alpha. (2-3) and .alpha. (2-6) sialylated intermediate disaccharide blocks are useful in the synthesis of antigenic substances which can be used to raise antibodies useful in diagnosis and therapy, and can themselves be used as reagents in various applications. The preparation of the tetrasaccharide antigens corresponding to the 19-9 and sialyl-X antigens characteristic of malignant tissue illustrates the application of this method.

Abstract: The invention concerns the automated robotic system for dispensing drugs from vials into liquid containers such as IV bags or syringes. A robot selects a vial and a suitable container and transports them to a processing station together with a needle which may be double-ended. At the processing station the contents of the vial are transferred into the container. Some of the contents of the container may be transferred into the vial in order to reconstitute and/or wash out the vial contents and agitation may be provided for the vial. Various additional devices may be provided such as a decapping device for the vials, an alcohol swabbing station for swabbing the top of a vial and/or the input port of a IV bag or syringe. Moreover, a label printer may be provided so that the robot may deliver a label with the finally processed IV bag and empty vial to a verification station. When IV bags are used, the invention may feature a conveyor of trays of the bags to a pick-up station of the robot.

Abstract: The stereochemistry of sialylation of an acceptor saccharide to obtain an .alpha. (2-3) or .alpha. (2-6) linkage is controlled to favor the a anomer by use of an aromatic ester of the sialyl reagent. The resulting intermediate .alpha. (2-3) and .alpha. (2-6) sialylated intermediate disaccharide blocks are useful in the synthesis of antigenic substances which can be used to raise antibodies useful in diagnosis and therapy, and can themselves be used as reagents in various applications. The preparation of the tetrasaccharide antigens corresponding to the 19-9 and sialyl-X antigens characteristic of malignant tissue illustrates the application of this method.