Abstract: A process for preparing a resin containing phenolic groups, in which an aralkylene ether of formula ROCH.sub.2.Ar. CH.sub.2 OR, wherein Ar represents a phenylene group and R is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms, is reacted with a phenol containing 1-3 hydroxyl groups and at least 2 hydrogen atoms in the aromatic phenolic nucleus, wherein (1) an ether composition which comprises at least 50 molar % e.g. 50-100% of said ether and the remainder of said composition, if any i.e. up to 50% (such as 0.1-50%) is selected from aromatic compounds each with an Ar nucleus having two substituents selected from CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 OR, CHO, CH(OR).sub.2, said phenol and (2) an added compound of formula R'CHO or R'CH (OR.sup.2).sub.2, wherein R' is monovalent phenyl group or substituted phenyl group, in which each substituent is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms or a chlorine atom, and R.sup.

Abstract: Phosphate rock can be heat treated at 380.degree.-600.degree. C. to convert the organics to filterable carbon and the rock converted to wet process phosphoric acid of reduced color and with reduced foaming. Rocks having high acid soluble organics but low total organics, and rocks containing a high content of acid insoluble heat labile iron sulphide are especially suitable.

Abstract: A composition of (a) of product of condensing a phenylene di- or tri(methyl halide) or di- or tri-(methyl alkoxy ether) with a molar excess of a phenol and (b) 10-20% of hexamethylene tetramine is curable and can be used in the preparation of moulding compounds, laminates and coating compositions.

Abstract: The reaction of an imidazoline base of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an aliphatic group comprising from 6 to 22 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with a carbo-alkylating agent is carried out in two stages. Initially the pH is maintained in the range 7 to 11 and subsequently it is maintained in the range 9 to 12.5. These conditions encourage at least part of the imidazoline to undergo alkylation followed by hydrolysis and further alkylation. The di alkylated amidoamines thus produced are believed to be novel. The reaction products are surfactants which exhibit very low skin irritancy and have a desirably low viscosity. They find particular application in shampoo formulations.

Abstract: Wet process phosphoric acid is heated by passing alternating current through the acid, preferably in carbon apparatus to concentrations above 76% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and preferably temperatures above 500.degree. C. to remove sulphate and fluoride and convert organic and basic impurities into a filterable precipitate; the acid is separated from the precipitate preferably after dilution with water to provide a high purity crystallizable product.

Abstract: Wet process phosphoric acid is purified by extraction with a hexanone of pentanone to form an organic extract, containing phosphoric acid, from which the acid content is recovered by treatment with water or aqueous phosphoric acid in 2 or more portions to give 2 or more purified acids, the recovery to give the last purified acid being in more than 1 countercurrent stage.

Abstract: An orifice plate mixer for mixing 2 fluids has an axial orifice perpendicular to the plate through which bore a first fluid passes and a port in the internal wall of the orifice through which the second fluid passes. The mixer can impart high turbulence to the first fluid and is especially useful in the sulph(on)ation of organic feedstocks with sulphur trioxide in a recycle loop reactor having said mixer, a pump, a heat exchanger and inlet and outlet for feedstock and reaction products.

Abstract: Organotin esters from acid esters of di or poly carboxylic acids are made by adding a base to a mixture of an organotin halide and the acid ester in the presence of water, and reacting to form the organotin ester, the amount of base and acid ester being to provide 0.9-1.3 equivalents and at least 0.9 equivalents respectively per g. atom of halogen in the organotin halide, and the conditions being such as not to cause substantial hydrolysis.

Abstract: Sulph(on)ation of organic feedstocks is performed with undiluted sulphur trioxide in a recycle loop reactor in which the feedstock is diluted with its recycled sulph(on)ation product, contact of the feedstock and sulphur trioxide occurs under conditions of turbulent flow and the recycle ratio is high.

Abstract: Wet process phosphoric acid is heated, preferably in carbon apparatus, by passing alternating current through the acid, to concentrations above 80% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and preferably temperatures above 500.degree. C. to remove sulphate and fluoride and convert organic and basic impurities into a filterable precipitate: the acid is separated from the precipitate to provide a high purity crystallizable product.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for reducing the diamide content of imidazolines having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an aliphatic group having from at least 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 represents an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.The mixture of imidazoline and diamide is reacted with a primary or secondary amine which deacylates the diamide to an amido-amine. The product of this deacylation is an imidazoline solution which remains clear even on prolonged storage.The imidazoline is produced by reaction of an acid RCOOH with a diamine NH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 NHR.sub.1. Preferably this diamine is used as the deacylating agent.

Abstract: Aralkylene phenol resins, curable to thermoset polymers are made by reacting an aralkylene ester of formula R'(CH.sub.2 OYR,).sub.a, where R' is aromatic, Y is carbonyl or sulphonyl and R' is alkyl or aryl, a is 2 or 3 with a molar excess of a phenol or mixture thereof with a non-phenolic aromatic compound.

Abstract: Organotin compounds comprising at least 50% and often at least 90% tetraorganotin compound and the remainder triorganotin halide, which are suitable for conversion to organotin precursors of stabilizers for polymers or fungicides, are made by reacting an alkyl or alkenyl halide with a mixture of tin and zinc (or alloy thereof) with an atomic ratio of at least 0.5:1 zinc to tin, in a liquid comprising an 'onium salt, to produce the organotin compound at least some of which is in the liquid.

Abstract: Tricycloalkyltin chlorides e.g. tricyclohexyltin chlorides, which may be converted to the fungicide tricyclohexyl hydroxide, are made by reacting an organic tricycloalkyltin, in which the organic is not cycloalkyl and cycloalkyl is optionally substituted cyclohexyl, with organic tin trihalide.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions such as chromium plating solutions are tested by contacting the solution with a water permeable medium such as a folded filter paper, causing the solution to diffuse upwardly through the medium and contacting separate portions of the diffusing solution in the medium with a water soluble ferrocyanide salt and with a water soluble iron salt respectively. The test may be performed when a filter paper, whose ends have been impregnated respectively with potassium ferrocyanide and a ferrous salt.

Abstract: A process for flameproofing cellulosic fabrics which comprises impregnating the fabric with an aqueous solution of a THP salt with or without condensation with a nitrogen-containing compound, and treating the impregnated fabric with ammonia to produce a cured resin, wherein the treatment with ammonia is carried out by passing the impregnated fabric through seals into and out of a closed chamber and in contact with at least one duct located in the chamber and having one or more orifices through which gaseous ammonia is caused to issue and pass through the fabric over its width, the chamber being provided with means to prevent condensed water formed by evaporation and/or chemical action from dripping on to the fabric.

Abstract: A composition consisting essentially of liquid mixed phenyl alkylphenyl phosphate having the average general formula (RO).sub.3 PO wherein from 30 to 85 mole-percent of the "R" group are secondary alkylphenyl groups, wherein the secondary alkyl group has from 3-4 carbon atoms, and the remaining "R" groups are phenyl groups. Flexible resin polyvinyl chloride polymers and copolymers incorporating said composition as the plasticizer therefor have improved cold flex characteristics.

Abstract: When crude wet process phosphoric acid is solvent extracted, an aqueous raffinate containing phosphoric acid and a small amount of solvent is produced as a by-product. Certain materials are added to the raffinate, in order to produce two phases, one aqueous and the other of solvent. The phases are separated, the solvent recycled for reuse in a solvent extraction process and the aqueous phase treated with ammonia or alkali or alkaline earth metal compounds to form a fertilizer or other phosphate salt.

Abstract: The invention provides a homogenous stable aqueous dispersion containing an organo-tin biocide and certain ammonium polyphosphate flame retardants which can be diluted and used to treat timber. The compositions further comprise a quaternary ammonium compound having surfactant activity, a derivative of carbamic acid and a hydrotrope which is an organic phosphate ester or an alkaryl sulphonate in order to maintain the active compounds in suspension. The biocidal activity is unaffected by the presence of the polyphosphate species.

Abstract: Moisture curable extrudable polysulphide sealants comprise the reaction product of (a) a silanized polysulphide obtained by reacting an SH terminated polysulphide with a silane having 2 or 3 hydrolyzable groups and 1 or 2 groups capable of reacting with the SH group in order to cover up to 30% of the SH groups with the silane and (b) a disulphide containing the group ##STR1## group wherein het is an O or S atom or N-organic group. Other moisture curable extrudable sealants comprise the silanized polysulphide (a) and an ortho ester e.g. triethylorthoacetate.